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American Heritage Dictionary:
Flo·res |
Related Videos:
Flores |
Frommer's 500 Extraordinary Islands:
Flores |
Portugal's Azores islands are beautiful, tranquil, and sparsely inhabited. Flores, the "Flower Island," is blessed with shimmering lakes, hills carpeted with greenery, dramatic miradouros (viewpoints) along rocky promontories, and a charmingly bucolic old-world tableau of seaside villages, vintage water mills, and clip-clopping oxcarts. Oh, and tourists are few and far between. Sounds perfect, right?
Well it is—but Flores is also an isolated speck in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean and historically difficult to access, which explains the small, tidy number of inhabitants and visitors to this part of the world. But with air travel picking up between the Azores and the rest of the world—Flores is now just a 4-hour nonstop hop from such cities as Boston and Montreal—it's becoming more and more popular with North American East Coasters.
The Azores, a chain of nine islands strung across 644km (400 miles) of sea, stretches the boundaries of Western Europe deep into the mid-Atlantic. The tiny island of Flores, which lies a good distance away from the other islands in the archipelago, is Europe's westernmost point.
Flores has been called "a garden floating on the foam of the sea" for the flowers that blanket hill and dale in summer, particularly hydrangeas. The hydrangea's flower head varies in color according to the acidity of the soil—so the hues of these big, showy blooms can be white, blue, lavender, or dusty pink depending on the soil in which its roots are planted. (In fact, a neighboring island, Faial (read more), has so many blue hydrangeas it's often referred to as the "Blue Island.") These and other luxuriant plants thrive here on Flores because of the island's proximity to the Gulf Stream, which makes the climate moderate enough to grow a range of exotica, from wild ferns to Japanese cedars, Brazilian lantana, Asian camellias, and African dragon trees. Neither the hydrangea nor the flower for which the island was named—the yellow-hued cubre—is native: Both were likely introduced by colonists from Europe—whether explorers, pirates, farmers, or whalers—who began arriving in the 15th century.
Flores is nature at its most glorious—from the depths of the island's seven glassy lakes, trimmed in flowers, to the heights of its mountain peaks (Sete Pes, Burrinha, Marcel, and the 900m/2,953-ft. Morro Alto, the highest point on the island). Waterfalls tumble down island cliffs into the sea; the Ribeira Grandewaterfall, in Fajazinha, drops some 300m (984 ft.). The Hotel Ocidental (see below) is the activities center for the island, offering walking tours, whale-watching excursions, and scuba diving.
Columbia Encyclopedia:
Flores |
Among the prehistoric inhabitants of the island were small-proportioned humans that some scientists consider a separate human species, which they classified as Homo floresiensis in 2004; the individuals lived on Flores as recently as 17,000 years ago. Other scientists, however, believe that the ancient remains found on Flores are those of modern humans who suffered from microcephaly and dwarfism or the effects of a nutritional deficiency. Much later under the rule of the princes of Sulawesi, Flores came under Dutch influence c.1618. The Dutch gradually gained control of the island, although Portugal held the eastern end until 1851 and the natives were not completely subjugated until 1907.
| Flordon, Flookburgh, Flodden | |
| Florence Court, Flotta, Flotterton |
Wikipedia on Answers.com:
Flores |
 Topography of Flores |
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| Geography | |
|---|---|
| Location | South East Asia |
| Coordinates | 8°40′29″S 121°23′04″E / 8.67472°S 121.38444°ECoordinates: 8°40′29″S 121°23′04″E / 8.67472°S 121.38444°E |
| Archipelago | Lesser Sunda Islands |
| Area | 13,540 km2 (5,228 sq mi)[1] |
| Area rank | 60th |
| Highest elevation | 2,370 m (7,780 ft) |
| Highest point | Poco Mandasawu |
| Country | |
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Indonesia
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| Province | East Nusa Tenggara |
| Largest city | Maumere (pop. 70,000) |
| Demographics | |
| Population | 1,831,000 (as of 2010) |
| Density | 135 /km2 (350 /sq mi) |
Flores is one of the Lesser Sunda Islands, an island arc with an estimated area of 14,300 km² extending east from the Java island of Indonesia. The population was 1.831.000 in the 2010 census and the largest town is Maumere. Flores is Portuguese for "flowers".
Flores is located east of Sumbawa and Komodo and west of Lembata and the Alor Archipelago. To the southeast is Timor. To the south, across the Sumba strait, is Sumba and to the north, beyond the Flores Sea, is Sulawesi.
On December 12, 1992, an earthquake measuring 7.8 on the Richter scale occurred, killing 2,500 people in and around Maumere, including islands off the North coast.
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Flores is part of the East Nusa Tenggara province. The island along with smaller minor islands are split into eight regencies (local government districts); from west to east these are: Manggarai Barat (West Manggarai), Manggarai Tengah (Central Manggarai), Manggarai Timur (East Manggarai), Ngada, Nagekeo, Ende, Sikka and Flores Timur (East Flores). It has 39.1% of the provincial population as of 2010, and the most Indonesians of all islands in the province. However, Timor including the nation of East Timor is more populated. It is the island with the 9th most Indonesians. Among all islands containing Indonesian territory, it is the 10th most populous after Java, Sumatra, Borneo, Sulawesi, New Guinea, Bali, Madura, Lombok, and Timor.
| Name | Capital | Est. | Statute | Area (km²) | Population 2010 Census[2] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Manggarai Regency | Ruteng | 1958 | UU 69/1958 | 1,545.97 | 292,037 |
| Sikka Regency | Maumere | 1958 | UU 69/1958 | 1,731.92 | 300,301 |
| Ngada Regency | Bajawa | 1958 | UU 69/1958 | 1,620.92 | 142,254 |
| Ende Regency | Ende | 1958 | UU 69/1958 | 2,046.62 | 260,428 |
| East Flores Regency | Larantuka | 1958 | UU 69/1958 | 1,812.85 | 232,312 |
| West Manggarai Regency | Labuan Bajo | 2003 | UU 8/2003 | 2,947.50 | 221,430 |
| Nagekeo Regency | Mbay | 2007 | UU 2/2007 | 1,416.96 | 129,956 |
| East Manggarai Regency | Borong | 2007 | UU 36/2007 | 2,502.24 | 252,754 |
| Flores | * | 15,624.98 | 1,831,472 |
The west coast of Flores is one of the few places, aside from the island of Komodo itself, where the Komodo dragon can be found in the wild, and is part of Komodo National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Kelimutu National Park is the second national park designated on Flores to protect endangered species. The Flores giant rat is also endemic to the island, and Verhoeven's giant tree rat was formerly present. These giant lizards and rodents are considered examples of island gigantism.
Flores was also the habitat of several extinct dwarf forms of the proboscidean Stegodon, the most recent (Stegodon florensis insularis) disappearing approximately 12 000 years ago.[3] It is speculated by scientists that limited resources and an absence of advanced predators made the few megafaunal species that reached the island subject to insular dwarfism.[4]
In September 2004, at Liang Bua Cave in western Flores, paleoanthropologists discovered small skeletons that they described as a previously unknown hominid species, Homo floresiensis. These are informally named hobbits and appear to have stood about 1 m (3.3 ft) tall. The most complete individual (LB1) is dated as 18,000 years old.
There are many languages spoken on the island of Flores, all of them belonging to the Austronesian family. In the centre of the island in the districts of Ngada, Nagekeo, and Ende there is what is variously called the Central Flores Dialect Chain or the Central Flores Linkage. Within this area there are slight linguistic differences in almost every village. At least six separate languages are identifiable. These are from west to east: Ngadha, Nage, Keo, Ende, Lio and Palu'e, which is spoken on the island with the same name of the north coast of Flores. Locals would probably also add So'a and Bajawa to this list, which anthropologists have labeled dialects of Ngadha.
Flores is almost entirely Roman Catholic and represents one of the "religious borders" created by the Catholic expansion in the Pacific and the spread of Islam from the west across Indonesia. In other places in Indonesia, such as in the Maluku Islands and Sulawesi, the divide is less rigid and has been the source of bloody sectarian clashes.
Portuguese traders and missionaries came to Flores in the 16th century, mainly to Larantuka and Sikka. Their influence is still discernible in Sikka's language, culture and religion.
The Dominican order was extremely important in this island, as well as in the neighbouring islands of Timor and Solor. When in 1613 the Dutch attacked the Fortres of Solor, the population of this fort, led by the Dominicans, moved to the harbor town of Larantuka, on the eastern coast of Flores. This population was mixed, of Portuguese and local islanders descent and Larantuqueiros, Topasses (people that wear heats) or, as Dutch knew them, the 'Black Portuguese' (Swarte Portugueezen).
The Larantuqueiros or Topasses became the dominant sandalwood trading people of the region for the next 200 years. This group used Portuguese as the language for worship, Malay as the language of trade and a mixed dialect as mother tongue. This was observed by William Dampier, a British Brigadier visiting the Island in 1699:
These [the Topasses] have no Forts, but depend on their Alliance with the Natives: And indeed they are already so mixt, that it is hard to distinguish whether they are Portugueze or Indians. Their Language is Portugueze; and the religion they have, is Romish. They seem in Words to acknowledge the King of Portugal for their Sovereign; yet they will not accept any Officers sent by him. They speak indifferently the Malayan and their own native Languages, as well as Portugueze. [1]
In 1846, Dutch and Portuguese initiated negotiations towards delimiting the territories but these negotiations led to nowhere. In 1851 the new governor of Timor, Solor and Flores, Lima Lopes, faced with an impoverished administration, agreed to sell eastern Flores and the nearby islands to Dutch in return for a payment of 200000 florin. Lima Lopes did so without the consent of Lisbon and was dismissed in disgrace, but his agreement was not rescinded and in 1854 Portugal ceded all its historical claims on Flores. After this, Flores became part of the territory of Dutch East Indies.
During World War II a Japanese invasion force landed at Reo on 14 May 1942 and occupied Flores.[5]
After the war Flores became part of independent Indonesia[6]
The most famous tourist attraction in Flores is Kelimutu, a volcano containing three colored lakes, located in the district of Ende close to the town of Moni. These crater lakes are in the caldera of a volcano, and fed by a volcanic gas source, resulting in highly acidic water. The colored lakes change colors on an irregular basis, depending on the oxidation state of the lake[7] from bright red through green and blue.
There are snorkelling and diving locations along the north coast of Flores, most notably Maumere and Riung. However, due to the destructive practice of local fishermen using bombs to fish, and locals selling shells to tourists, combined with the after effects of a devastating tsunami in 1992, the reefs have slowly been destroyed.
Labuan Bajo (on the western tip of Flores) is a town often used by tourists as a base to visit Komodo and Rinca. Labuanbajo also attracts scuba divers, as whale sharks inhabit the waters around Labuanbajo.
The Luba and Bena villages include traditional houses in Flores. Larantuka, on the isle's eastern end, is known for its Holy Week festivals.
In addition to tourism, the main economic activities on Flores are agriculture, fishing and seaweed production. The primary food crops being grown on Flores are rice, maize, sweet potato and cassava, while the main cash crops are coffee, coconut, candle nut and cashew.[8] Flores is one of the newest origins for Indonesian coffee. Previously, most Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica) from Flores was blended with other origins. Now, demand is growing for this coffee because of its heavy body and sweet chocolate, floral and woody notes.[9]
The Lesser Sunda Islands with Flores in the upper right
A statue of Jesus in Maumere, Flores
An ancient Ngada megalith
This entry is from Wikipedia, the leading user-contributed encyclopedia. It may not have been reviewed by professional editors (see full disclaimer)
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Copyrights:
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 | American Heritage Dictionary. The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2007, 2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Updated in 2007. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. Read more |
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| Frommer's 500 Extraordinary Islands. Copyright © 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Read more |
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| Columbia Encyclopedia. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. Licensed from Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. www.cc.columbia.edu/cu/cup/. Read more |
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Oxford Dictionary of British Place Names. © 2003 A.D. Mills Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. Read more | |
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Rhymes. Oxford University Press. © 2006, 2007 All rights reserved. Read more | |
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| Wikipedia on Answers.com. This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article Flores. Read more |
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