folk dance

 

primitive, tribal, or ethnic form of the dance, sometimes the survival of some ancient ceremony or festival. The term is used also to include characteristic national dances, country dances, and figure dances in costume to folk tunes. Many children's games, such as “London Bridge” and “The Farmer in the Dell,” are traditional folk dances. More elaborate examples are the Spanish fandango, the Bohemian polka, the Hungarian czardas, the Irish jig, the Scottish Highland fling, the Hawaiian hula, and the English morris dance, sword dance, and Maypole dance. American barn dances, such as the Virginia reel, are largely derived from European sources. Early in the 20th cent. Cecil James Sharp, founder of the English Folk Dance Society, made a notable collection of English folk songs and dances. The American Folk Dance Society has done much to preserve the knowledge of old American country dances, and a similar interest has developed in other countries. A popular form of recreation, folk dancing is often taught in schools.

Bibliography

See M. D. Lidster and D. H. Tamburini, Folk Dance Progressions (1965, repr. 1978); A. S. Duggan et al., Folk Dance Library (5 vol., 1948, repr. 1980).

Folk dance is a term used to describe a large number of dances, mostly of European origin, that tend to share the following attributes:

• They were originally danced in about the 19th century or earlier (or are, in any case, not currently copyrighted);
• Their performance is dominated by an inherited tradition rather than by innovation;
• They were danced by common people and not exclusively by aristocracy;
• They have been developed spontaneously and there is no governing body that has final say over what "the dance" is or who is authorized to teach it. This also means that no one has the final say over the definition of folk dance or the minimum age for such dances.

Folk dances are traditionally performed during social events by people with little or no professional training. New dancers often learn informally by observing others and/or receiving help from others. Folk dancing is viewed as more of a social activity rather than competitive, although there are professional and semi-professional folk dance groups, and occasional folk dance competitions

Terminology

The term "folk dance" is sometimes applied to dances of historical European culture; typically originated before 20th century. For other cultures the terms "ethnic dance" or "traditional dance" are sometimes used, although the latter terms may encompass ceremonial dances.

There are a number of modern dances, such as hip hop dance, that evolve spontaneously, but the term "folk dance" is generally not applied to them, and the terms "street dance" or "vernacular dance" are used instead. The term "folk dance" is reserved for dances which are to a significant degree bound by European tradition and originated in the times when the distinction existed between the dances of "common folk" and the dances of the "high society".

A number of modern ballroom dances originated from folk ones.

The terms "ethnic" and "traditional" are used when it is required to emphasize the cultural roots of the dance. In this sense, nearly all folk dances are ethnic ones. If some dances, such as polka, cross ethnic boundaries and even cross the boundary between "folk" and "ballroom dance", ethnic differences are often considerable enough to mention, e.g., Czech polka vs. German polka.

Not all ethnic dances are folk dances; for example, ritual dances or dances of ritual origin are not considered to be folk dances.

Types of folk dance

Types of folk dance include clogging, English country dance, international folk dance, Irish dance, Maypole dance, Morris dance, Nordic polska dance, Ball de bastons, square dance, and sword dance. Some choreographed dances such as contra dance, Israeli folk dance, Scottish country dance, and modern Western square dance, are called folk dances, though this is not true in the strictest sense. Country dance overlaps with contemporary folk dance and ballroom dance. Most country dances and ballroom dances originated from folk dances, with gradual refinement over the years.

Folk dances are part of the overall culture of the country, and often have common features. People familiar with folk dancing can often determine what country a dance is from even if they have not seen that particular dance before. Some countries' dances have features that are unique to that country, although neighboring countries sometimes have similar features. For example, the German and Austrian schuhplattling dance consists of slapping the body and shoes in a fixed pattern, a feature that few other countries' dances have. Folk dances sometimes evolved long before current political boundaries, so that certain dances are shared by several countries. For example, some Serbian, Bulgarian, and Croatian dances share the same or similar dances, and sometimes even use the same name and music for those dances.

Although folk dancing was historically done by the common people of the local culture, international folk dance has received some popularity on college campuses and community centers within the United States and other countries.

Mexican Folkloric dance developed over five centuries from the pre-Columbian, the Spanish conquest, the French Intervention which included an Austrian influence, the Porfiriato, and the 1910 Revolution to the modern. The fusion of all these influences with the indigenous created over 300 dance styles, within the thirty-two Mexican states, that are now just "Mexican" and unique. (From The Mexican Folkloric Dance Company of Chicago, www.mexfoldanco.org).

Folk dancing in the media

From the 1950 to the 60s, The White Heather Club broadcast Scottish country dancing live on television. The band was led by Jimmy Shand. Later, Richard Thompson wrote a song entitled "Don't Sit On My Jimmy Shands", a reference to the many dance records recorded by Jimmy Shand. In the 1960s, this movement was supported by record labels such as Folk Dancer by Michael and Maryann Herman, and the Folkways Records label by Moses Asch (currently part of the Smithsonian Institution).

See also

• List of folk dances sorted by origin, a sorted list of specific ethnic, folk, traditional, and regional dances
• Dance basic topics, a list of general dance topics
• International folk dance
• Austrian folk dance
• Boombal
• Bulgarian folk dancing
• China National Ethnic Song and Dance
• Contra dance
• Country and Western dance
• Igor Moiseyev
• Indian folk dances
• Israeli folk dancing
• Kolo
• Mexican Folkloric Dance
• Nordic polska dance
• Scottish country dance
• Scottish highland dance
• Square dancing
• Social Dance
• Tinikling (Philippines)
• Ukrainian dance

External links

• Folk festivals around the world
• Folk Dancing at the Open Directory Project
• Additional folk dance information
• Folk Dance Association (US and Canada)
• International folk dance articles
• Largest collection of folk dance videos online on Dancilla

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