The Franck-Hertz experiment provided clear proof of the ideas of
Neils Bohr as regards electrons orbiting atomic nuclei and doing so
at clearly defined energy levels (which translates into orbitals).
By extension, conducting this experiment on different materials
allows the energy levels of the electrons in a material to be
discovered. Materials might be identified in this way. A sample
could be experimented on and the energy level of the material
discovered and compared to know materials, thus revealing its
identity.