Frank Murphy

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Frank Murphy (credit: Courtesy of the Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.)

(born April 13, 1890, Harbor Beach, Mich., U.S. — died July 19, 1949, Detroit, Mich.) U.S. Supreme Court justice (1940 – 49). After serving in World War I, he held several elective posts, including mayor of Detroit (1930 – 33). He was governor-general (1933 – 35) and U.S. high commissioner (1935 – 36) of the Philippines. Elected governor of Michigan (1937 – 38), he refused to use troops to break sit-down strikes by automobile workers. As U.S. attorney general (1939 – 40), he established the Justice Department's civil rights unit. Appointed to the Supreme Court of the United States by Pres. Franklin D. Roosevelt, he strongly defended civil rights and dissented in a case upholding the internment of Japanese Americans during World War II.

For more information on Frank Murphy, visit Britannica.com.

(b. William Francis Murphy, Sand [now Harbor] Beach, Mich., 13 Apr. 1890; d. Detroit, Mich, 19 July 1949; interred Rock Falls Cemetery, Harbor Beach, Mich.), associate justice, 1940–1949. A leading New Deal politician and libertarian jurist, Frank Murphy came from an Irish‐Catholic, middle‐class family in a small town by Lake Huron. His father, a lawyer, and especially his mother filled him with intense idealism, ambition, and religious faith. After earning a law degree from the University of Michigan and serving as an army captain in France during World War I, he made his mark in Detroit. He was a private practitioner and assistant U.S. attorney (1921–1922), liberal judge on Recorder's Court (1924–1930), and crusading mayor (1930–1933) who pioneered public relief for the unemployed.

During the Depression he reached national prominence as a Progressive reformer and lieutenant of President Franklin D. Roosevelt. He was the last U.S. governor‐general and first high commissioner of the Philippine Islands (1933–1936). As governor of Michigan (1937–1938), he mediated without loss of life the great sit‐down strikes at General Motors and other factories, a pivotal turn in unionization of mass‐production industries. Defeated for reelection, he was U.S. attorney general (1939) until chosen to replace Pierce Butler in the Supreme Court's “Catholic seat.” The midwestern Democrat was confirmed easily as FDR's fifth and majority appointment, although many lawyers, judges, and Murphy himself felt he was miscast.

His record as a justice was mixed. Neither legal scholar nor craftsman, he was criticized for relying on heart over head, results over legal reasoning, clerks over hard work, and emotional solos over team play in what he called the Great Pulpit. His strengths were practical experience, moral courage, compassion, and devotion to human rights. He strongly supported the post‐1937 legal revolution by which the Roosevelt Court legitimated vast public power to regulate economic affairs and championed less material rights of individuals and politically impotent minorities. Although others led these historic shifts, Murphy wrote important majority opinions in labor law, notably Thornhill v. Alabama (1940), which included peaceful picketing as free speech. His influential Chaplinsky v. New Hampshire (1942) opinion, by contrast, excluded “fighting words” and obscenity. He spoke for the Court in internally divisive battles over deportation (Schneiderman v. United States, 1943) and portal‐to‐portal pay (Jewell Ridge v. Local No. 6167, U.M.W.A., 1945). Most memorable are his powerful dissents against “legalization of racism” in the Japanese relocation (Korematsu v. United States, 1944) and for high standards of criminal procedure in war crime trials (In re Yamashita, 1946), state cases (Adamson v. California, 1947), and searches and seizures (Wolf v. Colorado, 1949).

A complex, narcissistic bachelor, he was a priestly jurist whose support of African‐Americans, aliens, criminals, dissenters, Jehovah's Witnesses, Native Americans, women, workers, and other outsiders evoked a pun: “tempering justice with Murphy.” As he wrote in Falbo v. United States (1944), “The law knows no finer hour than when it cuts through formal concepts and transitory emotions to protect unpopular citizens against discrimination and persecution” (p. 561). Aiding the poor and promoting industrial peace in the Great Depression were major achievements; his civil liberties evangelism was often vindicated by later decisions of the Court.

Bibliography

• Sidney Fine, Frank Murphy, 3 vols. (1975–1984).
• J. Woodford Howard, Jr., Mr. Justice Murphy: A Political Biography (1968)

— J. Woodford Howard, Jr.

Frank Murphy (1890-1949), American jurist and diplomat, campaigned against municipal corruption and crime as U.S. attorney general. He was a liberal sympathizer of the Filipino independence movement when he was governor general and high commissioner of the Philippine Islands.

Frank Murphy was born in Harbor Beach, Mich., on April 13, 1890. He developed an enduring hatred against "industrial slavery" as a boy worker in a local starch factory. With his mother's teaching of racial equality and Christian love, Murphy evolved into a dynamic defender of the underprivileged. He worked his way through the University of Michigan. After receiving his law degree in 1914, he worked as a law clerk in Detroit and taught in a night school.

At the outbreak of World War I Murphy enlisted and served in France. After the war he studied law in Trinity College, Dublin, and in Lincoln's Inn, London. He was chief assistant to the U.S. attorney of Eastern Michigan District (1919-1920) and was reputed never to have lost a case. After private practice (1920-1923) he was appointed judge of Recorder's Court in Detroit (1923-1930) and handled criminal cases. He was mayor of Detroit from 1930 to 1933.

In 1932 Murphy was appointed governor general of the Philippines. He demonstrated his generous sympathy for the plight of the Filipino masses, especially for the land-hungry and oppressed tenant farmers, and emphasized the need for social justice. He was high commissioner of the islands in 1935-1936. In an interview in 1947 he expressed his belief that a revolution by the workers and peasants against the prevailing inequality in the Philippines was inevitable and bound to win.

When Murphy became governor of Michigan in 1936, he was faced with a sitdown strike by General Motors workers. The corporation obtained a court order to compel the workers to quit striking, but Murphy refused to enforce it by calling the troops; for this he was severely criticized by the establishment. Although acclaimed by liberals, he lost the support of politicians and workers and was defeated for reelection in 1938. Appointed in 1939 as U.S. attorney general, he waged a relentless crusade against crime syndicates, notably against Thomas Pendergast in Kansas City, and political racketeers. His indictment of 16 alleged Communists and fellow travelers in Detroit for having recruited volunteers for Loyalist Spain earned him the censure of liberals throughout the country.

President Franklin Roosevelt appointed Murphy associate justice of the Supreme Court in 1940 in recognition of his support of the New Deal program. As a member of the five-man liberal majority on the Court, Murphy fought all forms of racketeering and safeguarded the rights of minorities. In April he wrote the decision invalidating antipicket laws and thus won general praise for his firm stand against antistrike measures.

After 15 years of service in the Justice Department, Murphy died in Detroit on July 19, 1949. Quiet in manner, courteous, somewhat ascetic and pious, Murphy followed his motto, "Speak softly and hit hard," in his work. He expressed the ruling principle of his life thus: "I should like to belong to that small company of public servants and others who are content to do some of the homely and modest task of perfecting integrity in government and making government more efficient and orderly."

Further Reading

Harold Norris, ed., Mr. Justice Murphy and the Bill of Rights (1965), has a biography of Murphy along with some of his Supreme Court opinions. The best source for Murphy's life is Richard D. Lunt, The High Ministry of Government: The Political Career of Frank Murphy (1965). A useful biography of Murphy by J. P. Rodie is in Allison Dunham and Philip B. Kurland, eds., Mr. Justice (1956; rev. ed. 1964). The Philippine background is given in Theodore Friend, Between Two Empires: The Ordeal of the Philippines, 1929-1946 (1965).

Additional Sources

Fine, Sidney, Frank Murphy. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1975-c1984.

• Born: Apr. 13, 1890, Harbor Beach, Mich.
• Education: University of Michigan, B.A., 1912; LLB., 1914
• Previous government service: chief assistant attorney general, Eastern District of Michigan, 1919–20; judge, Recorder's Court, Detroit, Mich., 1923–30; mayor of Detroit, 1930–33; governor general of the Philippines, 1933–35; U.S. high commissioner to the Philippines, 1935–36; governor of Michigan, 1937–39; U.S. attorney general, 1939–40
• Appointed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt Jan. 4, 1940; replaced Pierce Butler, who died
• Supreme Court term: confirmed by the Senate Jan. 15, 1940, by a voice vote; served until July 19,1949
• Died: July 19, 1949, Detroit, Mich.

Frank Murphy was a strong supporter of Franklin D. Roosevelt's 1932 campaign for the Presidency. After serving as an administrator of the U.S. territory of the Philippines and as U.S. attorney general, Murphy was appointed by President Roosevelt to the Supreme Court.

As an associate justice, Murphy was a strong defender of minority rights. His most notable opinions were written in dissent of the Court's decisions to favor federal or state government interests above the rights of individuals.

Justice Murphy's dissent in Korematsu v. United States (1944) has been regarded as an example of the best opinions to be found in the Supreme Court literature. In this wartime case, the Court upheld the right of the government to relocate and confine all persons of Japanese ancestry living on the Pacific coast of the United States. The Court's majority argued that this action was necessary to protect national security during the war against Japan. Justice Murphy disagreed and said the relocation was “utterly revolting among a free people who have embraced the principles set forth in the Constitution of the United States.”

Murphy's dissent in the Korematsu case is honored today as a courageous and correct view of the case. And the majority opinion in that case tends to be criticized, in Murphy's terms, as “legalization of racism.”

See also Korematsu v. United States

Sources

• Sidney Fine, Frank Murphy: The Washington Years (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1984).
• J. Woodford Howard, Mr. Justice Murphy: A Political Biography (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1968)

As a champion of civil liberties in the World War II era, Francis ("Frank") William Murphy had an extraordinary political and legal career. An associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court from 1940 to 1949, he previously had served in local, state, and federal government. He was appointed U.S. governor general of the Philippine Islands in 1935, elected governor of Michigan in 1936, and appointed U.S. attorney general in 1939. Murphy's support for workers, women, and members of religious and racial minority groups, as well as his broad reading of the First and Fourth Amendments, distinguished him at a time when both the federal government and the Court moved slowly in upholding civil rights.

Born in Harbor Beach, Michigan, April 13, 1890, Murphy was the son of an Irish Catholic country lawyer and a devoutly religious mother. He studied at the University of Michigan before being admitted to the state bar in 1914. He then went off to fight in France and Germany in World War I. On returning to Michigan, he acquired legal experience by working in the state attorney general's office and in private practice. He next became judge for the principal criminal court in Detroit, which in turn led to a political career. A pro-labor Democrat, Murphy was mayor of Detroit from 1930 to 1933.

In the midst of the Great Depression, Murphy supported Franklin D. Roosevelt for president in 1932. President Roosevelt rewarded him with appointment as the governor general of the Philippine Islands. Murphy enacted minimumwage laws and supported women's suffrage while helping to effect the country's transition to independence. Returning to Michigan, he campaigned and won election as governor in 1936. That year the historic sit-down strike by 135,000 automobile workers proved to be the turning point in Murphy's career. He refused to deploy state police against the unpopular strikers and as a consequence lost his reelection bid in 1938.

President Roosevelt named him to his administration. Although Murphy wanted to be secretary of war—and, indeed, would spend several years trying to find ways to join the war effort—Roosevelt had other plans. The president made him U.S. attorney general. Murphy established the first civil liberties unit in the Department of Justice and brought suit against trust companies and a powerful Democratic party boss, Thomas J. Pendergast of Kansas City. In 1939 the death of Associate Justice Pierce Butler opened the so-called Catholic seat on the Supreme Court, and Roosevelt gave it to a reluctant Murphy, who thought himself less qualified than others.

Murphy served for nine years as an associate justice. He wrote 199 opinions. Inherently suspicious of government power and passionately devoted to the rights of the weak, Murphy supported civil rights in nearly every case. He scorned the federal government's treatment of Japanese Americans during World War II, for example, and at other times sided with the claims of workers and religious minority groups.

This philosophy found its best expression in 1944. "The law knows no finer hour," Murphy wrote in one of his many dissents, "than when it cuts through formal concepts and transitory emotions to protect unpopular citizens against discrimination and persecution" (Falbo v. United States, 320 U.S. 549, 64 S. Ct. 346, 88 L. Ed. 305). That case was one of several in the 1940s involving church-state issues that concerned the rights of the Jehovah's Witnesses, in this case a conscientious objector. Murphy often voted in favor of upholding First Amendment claims; for example, he joined the majority in ending compulsory flag-saluting for children in public schools (West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette, 319 U.S. 624, 63 S. Ct. 1178, 87 L. Ed. 1628 [1943]). In another important speech case, Murphy wrote the majority opinion protecting labor union picketing (Thornhill v. Alabama, 310 U.S. 88, 60 S. Ct. 736, 84 L. Ed. 1093 [1940]). Yet more often than not, his broader reading of individual rights led him into dissent against the majority.

On and off the Court, Murphy faced criticism for his idealism. He was seen as too emotional at the expense of strict legal thinking. He was the target of the popular barb, "justice tempered with Murphy." His personal life only fed his somewhat prim reputation, because he was a hypochondriac who never drank, smoked, or married. Chief Justice Harlan F. Stone disliked him for another reason: he thought Murphy was too reliant on his law clerks.

Although Murphy occasionally seemed out of step with both the Court and his times, his broad vision of civil liberties was later vindicated. In particular, he believed in vigorous application of the FourthAmendment's prohibition of unreasonable searches and seizures by the police. Murphy dissented in Wolf v. Colorado, 338 U.S. 25, 69 S. Ct. 1359, 93 L. Ed. 1782 (1949), where the Court refused to apply to the states what already existed for federal courts: the ban on admitting improperly seized evidence in a trial. He wrote that the majority, by leaving state courts out of the equation, was allowing "lawlessness by officers of the law." Twelve years later, in 1961, a different Supreme Court agreed with him and overruled Wolf in the landmark case Mapp v. Ohio, 367 U.S. 643, 81 S. Ct. 1684, 6 L. Ed. 2d 1081 (1961).

Murphy died on July 19, 1949 in Detroit, Michigan.

For other persons named Frank Murphy, see Frank Murphy (disambiguation).

Frank Murphy
Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court
In office February 5, 1940 – July 19, 1949
Nominated by	Franklin D. Roosevelt
Preceded by	Pierce Butler
Succeeded by	Tom C. Clark
56th United States Attorney General
In office January 2, 1939 – January 18, 1940
Preceded by	Homer S. Cummings
Succeeded by	Robert H. Jackson
35th Governor of Michigan
In office January 1, 1937 – January 1, 1939
Lieutenant	Leo J. Nowicki
Preceded by	Frank Fitzgerald
Succeeded by	Frank Fitzgerald
1st High Commissioner of the Philippines
In office 1935 – 1936
Preceded by	(post made)
Succeeded by	Paul V. McNutt
72nd Governor-General of the Philippines
In office July 15, 1933 – November 15, 1935
Preceded by	Theodore Roosevelt, Jr.
Succeeded by	(post abolished): Manuel L. Quezon as the President of the Philippine Commonwealth
Died	July 19, 1949 (aged 59) Detroit, Michigan
Political party	Democratic
Spouse(s)	none
Alma mater	University of Michigan Law School Trinity College, Dublin
Military service
Service/branch	United States Army
Rank	Captain
Battles/wars	World War I World War II

William Francis (Frank) Murphy (April 13, 1890 – July 19, 1949) was a politician and jurist from Michigan. He served as First Assistant U.S. District Attorney, Eastern Michigan District (1920-23), Recorder's Court Judge, Detroit (1923-30). Mayor of Detroit (1930–33), the last Governor-General of the Philippines (1933-35), U.S. High Commissioner of the Philippines (1935–36), Governor of Michigan (1937-39), United States Attorney General (1939–40), and United States Supreme Court Associate Justice (1940–49).

Contents 1 Early life 1.1 U.S. Attorney Eastern District of Michigan (1919–1922) 1.2 Recorder's Court (1923–1930) 1.3 Mayor of Detroit (1930–1933) 1.4 Governor-General of the Philippines (1933–1935) 1.5 High Commissioner to the Philippines (1935–1936) 1.6 Governor of Michigan (1937-1939) 1.7 Attorney General of the United States (1939-1940) 2 Supreme Court 3 Death and legacy 4 See also 5 References 5.1 Notes 5.2 Further reading 5.2.1 Reading notes 6 External links

Early life

Murphy was born in Harbor Beach, Michigan, then known as "Sand Beach"^[1], in 1890. His Irish parents, John T. Murphy and Mary Brennan,^[2] raised him as a devout Catholic.^[3] He followed in his father’s footsteps by becoming a lawyer. He attended the University of Michigan Law School, and graduated with a BA in 1912 and LLB in 1914. He was a member of the senior society Michigamua. ^[4] Murphy was stricken with Diphtheria in the winter of 1911 but was allowed to begin his course in the Law Department from which he received his LL.B. degree in 1914. He performed graduate work at Lincoln's Inn in London and Trinity College, Dublin, which was said to be formative for his judicial philosophy. He developed a need to decide cases based on his more holistic notions of justice, eschewing technical legal arguments. As one commentator wrote of his later supreme court service, he "tempered justice with Murphy."^[5]

He served in the U.S. Army during World War I, achieving the rank of Captain with the occupation Army in Germany before leaving the service in 1919.

Murphy opened a private law office in Detroit and soon became the Chief Assistant United States Attorney for the Eastern District of Michigan. He opened the first civil rights section of a U.S. Attorney's office.

He taught at the University of Detroit for five years.

Murphy served as a Judge in the Detroit Recorder's Court from 1923 to 1930, and made many administrative reforms in the operations of the court.

While on Recorder's Court, he established a reputation as a trial judge. He was a presiding judge in the famous murder trials of Dr. Ossian Sweet and his brother, Henry Sweet in 1925 and 1926. Clarence Darrow, then one of the most prominent trial lawyers in the country, was lead counsel for the defense.^[6] After an initial mistrial of all of the black defendants, Henry Sweet — who admitted that he fired the weapon which killed a member of the mob surrounding Dr. Sweet's home and was retried separately — was acquitted by an all-white jury on grounds of the right of self-defense.^[7] The prosecution then elected to not prosecute any of the remaining defendants. Murphy's rulings were material to the outcome of the case.^[8]

U.S. Attorney Eastern District of Michigan (1919–1922)

fMurphy was appointed and took the oath of office as first assistant United States attorney for the Eastern District of Michigan on August 9, 1919.^[9] He was one of three assistant attorneys in the office.

When Murphy began his career as a federal attorney, the workload of the attorney's office was increasing at a rapid rate, mainly due to the advent of national prohibition. The government's excellent record in winning convictions in the Eastern District was partially due to Murphy's record of winning all but one of the cases that he prosecuted. Murphy practiced law privately to a limited extent while he was still a federal attorney. He resigned his position as a United States attorney on March 1, 1922.^[10] Murphy had several offers to join private practices but decided to go it alone and formed a partnership with Edward G. Kemp.^[11]

Recorder's Court (1923–1930)

He ran unsuccessfully as a Democrat for the United States Congress in 1920, when national and state Republicans swept Michigan. He drew upon his legal reputation and growing political connections to win a seat on the Recorder's Court, Detroit's criminal court.^[12] In 1923, Murphy was elected judge of the Recorder's Court on a non-partisan ticket by one of the largest majorities ever cast for a judge in Detroit. Murphy took office on January 1, 1924 and served seven years during the Prohibition Era.

Mayor of Detroit (1930–1933)

In 1930, Murphy ran as a Democrat and was elected Mayor of Detroit. He served from 1930 to 1933, during the first years of the Great Depression. He presided over an epidemic of urban unemployment, a crisis in which 100,000 people were unemployed in the summer of 1931. He named an unemployment committee of private citizens from businesses, churches, and labor and social service organizations to identify all residents who were unemployed and not receiving welfare benefits. The Mayor’s Unemployment Committee raised funds for its relief effort and worked to distribute food and clothing to the needy, and a Legal Aid Subcommittee volunteered to assist with the legal problems of needy clients. In 1933, Murphy convened in Detroit and organized the first convention of the United States Conference of Mayors. They met and conferred with President Franklin D. Roosevelt, and Murphy was elected its first president.^[13]

Murphy was an early and enthusiastic supporter of Roosevelt and the New Deal, helping Roosevelt to become the first Democratic presidential candidate to win the state of Michigan.

Melvin G. Holli rated Murphy an exemplary mayor and highly effective leader.^[14]

Governor-General of the Philippines (1933–1935)

By 1933, after Murphy’s second mayoral term, the reward of a big government job was waiting. Roosevelt appointed Murphy as Governor-General of the Philippines.

Murphy demonstrated sympathy for Filipino masses, especially for the land-hungry and oppressed tenant farmers, and emphasized the need for social justice.^[15]

High Commissioner to the Philippines (1935–1936)

When his position as Governor-General was abolished in 1935, he stayed on as United States High Commissioner until 1936. That year he served as a delegate from the Philippine Islands to the Democratic National Convention.

High Commissioner to the Philippines was the title of the personal representative of the President of the United States to the Commonwealth of the Philippines during the period 1935-1946. The office was created by the Tydings-McDuffie Act of 1934, which provided for a period of transition from direct American rule to the complete independence of the islands on July 4, 1946.^[16]

Governor of Michigan (1937-1939)

Murphy was elected the 35th Governor of Michigan on November 3, 1936, defeating Republican incumbent Frank Fitzgerald, and served one two-year term. During his two years in office, an unemployment compensation system was instituted and mental health programs were improved.

The United Automobile Workers engaged in an historic sit-down strike at the General Motors' Flint plant. The Flint Sit-Down Strike was a turning point in national collective bargaining and labor policy. After 27 people got injured in a battle between the workers and the police, including 13 strikers with gunshot wounds, Murphy sent the National Guard to protect the workers. The governor didn't follow a court's order requesting him to expel the strikers, and refused to order the guards troops to suppress the strike.^[17][18][19]

Murphy successfully mediated an agreement and end to the confrontation; G.M. recognized the U.A.W. as bargaining agent under the newly adopted National Labor Relations Act. This had an effect upon organized labor.^[20] In the next year the UAW saw its membership grow from 30,000 to 500,000 members. As later noted by the British Broadcasting System, this strike was "the strike heard round the world."^[21]

In 1938, Murphy was defeated by his predecessor, Fitzgerald, who became the only governor from Michigan to succeed and precede the same person.

Attorney General of the United States (1939-1940)

In 1939, Roosevelt appointed Murphy the 56th Attorney General of the United States. Murphy established a Civil Liberties Section in the Criminal Division of the United States Department of Justice. The section was designed to centralize enforcement responsibility for the Bill of Rights and civil rights statutes.^[22]

Supreme Court

After a year as Attorney General, on January 4, 1940, Murphy was nominated by Roosevelt to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court, filling a seat vacated by Pierce Butler. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on January 16 and was sworn in on January 18.^[1] The timing of the appointment put Murphy on the cusp of the Charles Evans Hughes^[23] and the Harlan Fiske Stone courts.^[24] Upon the death of Chief Justice Stone, Murphy served in the court led by Frederick Moore Vinson, who was confirmed in 1946.^[25]

Murphy took an expansive view of individual liberties, and the limitations on government he found in the Bill of Rights.^[26]

Murphy authored 199 opinions: 131 majority, 68 in dissent.^[27]

Opinions differ about him and his jurisprudential philosophy. He has been acclaimed as a legal scholar and a champion of the common man.^[27] Justice Felix Frankfurter disparagingly nicknamed Murphy "the Saint", criticizing his decisions as being rooted more in passion than reason. It has been said he was "Neither legal scholar nor craftsman" who was criticized "for relying on heart over head, results over legal reasoning, clerks over hard work, and emotional solos over team play.^[28]

Murphy's support of African-Americans, aliens, criminals, dissenters, Jehovah's Witnesses, Native Americans, women, workers, and other outsiders evoked a pun: “tempering justice with Murphy.” As he wrote in Falbo v. United States (1944), “The law knows no finer hour than when it cuts through formal concepts and transitory emotions to protect unpopular citizens against discrimination and persecution.” (p. 561)

According to Frankfurter, Murphy was part of the more liberal "Axis" of justices on the Court, along with Justices Rutledge, Douglas, and Black; the group would for years oppose Frankfurter's judicially-restrained ideology.^[29] Douglas, Murphy, and then Rutledge were the first justices to agree with Hugo Black's notion that the Fourteenth Amendment incorporated the Bill of Rights protection into it; this view would later become law.^[30]

Though Murphy was serving on the Supreme Court during World War II, he still longed to be part of the war effort. Consequently, during recesses of the Court, he served in Fort Benning, Georgia as an infantry officer.^[31]

He acted as chairman of the National Committee against Nazi Persecution and Extermination of the Jews and of the Philippine War Relief Committee.^[32] The first committee was established in early 1944 to promote rescue of European Jews, and to combat antisemitism in the United States.^[33]

Death and legacy

Murphy died at fifty-nine of coronary thrombosis during his sleep at Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit. Over 10,000 people attended his funeral in Detroit. He was engaged to be married in August to Joan Cuddihy.

The Frank Murphy Hall of Justice was home to Detroit's Recorder's Court and now houses part of Michigan's Third Judicial Circuit Court.^[34] There is a plaque in his honor on the first floor, which is recognized as a Michigan Legal Milestone.^[35]

Outside the Hall of Justice is Carl Milles's statue "The Hand of God".^[36] This rendition was cast in honor of Murphy. It features a nude figure emerging from the left hand of God. Although commissioned in 1949 and completed by 1953, the work, partly because of the male nudity involved,^[37] was kept in storage for a decade and a half.^[38] It was placed on a pedestal in 1970 with the help of sculptor Marshall Fredericks, who was a Milles student.

• Murphy's personal and official files are archived at the Bentley Historical Library of the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor and are open for research. This also includes an oral history project about Murphy.^[39] His correspondence and other official documents are deposited in libraries around the country.^[40][41]

In memory of Murphy, one of three University of Michigan Law School alumni to become a U.S. Supreme Court justice, Washington D.C.-based attorney John H. Pickering, who was a law clerk for Murphy, donated a large sum of money to the law school as a remembrance, establishing the Frank Murphy Seminar Room.^[4]

Murphy was awarded an Honorary Doctorate of Law degree by the University of Michigan in 1939.^[42]

• The University of Detroit has a Frank Murphy Honor Society.^[43]

The Sweet Trials: Malice Aforethought is a play written by Arthur Beer, based on the trials of Ossian and Henry Sweet, and derived from Kevin Boyle's Arc of Justice.^[44]

The Detroit Public Schools named Frank Murphy Elementary school in his honor.^[45]

See also

United States Army portal

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World War II portal

• Administrative Procedure Act
• Adamson v. California
• Cesar Bengzon
• Communications Act of 1934
• Demographics of the Supreme Court of the United States
• Edwards v. California
• Ex parte Endo
• Ex parte Quirin
• Follett v. Town of McCormick
• Francis v. Resweber
• Franklin D. Roosevelt
• George A. Malcolm
• Hugo Black
• Japanese American Internment
• Jim Crow laws
• Jones v. City of Opelika
• List of Justices of the Supreme Court of the United States
• List of law clerks of the Supreme Court of the United States
• List of Roman Catholic United States Supreme Court justices.
• List of United States Chief Justices by time in office
• List of U.S. Supreme Court Justices by time in office
• List of University of Michigan law and government alumni
• Masaharu Homma
• Oyama v. California
• Prince v. Massachusetts
• Robert H. Jackson
• Stanley Forman Reed
• United Auto Workers
• United States Supreme Court cases during the Hughes Court
• United States Supreme Court cases during the Stone Court
• United States Supreme Court cases during the Vinson Court
• Yakus v. United States

References

Notes

1. ^ ^{a b} Frank Murphy at the Biographical Directory of Federal Judges, a public domain publication of the Federal Judicial Center.
2. ^ "NNDB, Frank Murphy.". http://www.nndb.com/people/360/000167856/. 
3. ^ "Article: Michigan Lawyers in History-Justice Frank Murphy, Michigan’s Leading Citizen". Michbar.org. 1937-01-01. http://www.michbar.org/journal/article.cfm?articleID=42&volumeID=6. Retrieved 2009-02-19. 
4. ^ ^{a b} "University of Michigan Law Quadrangle Notes on Frank Murphy." (PDF). http://www.law.umich.edu/newsandinfo/lqn/pasteditions/winter2005/Documents/murphy.pdf. 
5. ^ "Linda Rapp, Frank Murphy, 1890 - 1949, A short biography of Frank Murphy.". http://www.glbtq.com/social-sciences/murphy_frank.html. 
6. ^ Boyle, Kevin, Arc of Justice: A Saga of Race, Civil Rights and Murder in the Jazz Age. (Henry Holt & Company, New York: 2004) ISBN 0805079335; ISBN 978-0805079333 (National Book Award Winner).
7. ^ Ossian Haven Sweet American National Biography.
8. ^ "Judge Frank Murphy's charge to the jury, People vs. Sweet, Famous American Trials, University of Missouri, Kansas City". http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/sweet/chargetojury.html. 
9. ^ Frank Murphy, The Detroit Years, page 58.
10. ^ Frank Murphy, The Detroit Years, page 73.
11. ^ Sidney Fine (1984). Frank Murphy, The Detroit Years. University of Michigan Press. ISBN 0472329499. http://books.google.com/books?id=ecbzqNewkcIC&pg=PA27&lpg=PA27&dq=frank+murphy+school&source=web&ots=3D1CnMe3TQ&sig=TWd5s2RZKwOiD__pnMh7h7fLGbg&hl=en. 
12. ^ Finkelman, Paul (2006). Encyclopedia of American Civil Liberties. Routledge. pp. 2304. ISBN 0415943426. http://books.google.com/books?id=YoI14vYA8r0C&dq=Encyclopedia+of+American+Civil+Liberties&printsec=frontcover&source=bl&ots=WYoHFWl4nc&sig=jiVYfuRaRjPeRN2mp7qcmjPenpM&hl=en&ei=tJeuSfq6CIyONc2isN4E&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=3&ct=result. 
13. ^ "The U.S. Conference of Mayors (USCM)". http://usmayors.org/?cx=005847641447462338878%3Av_h-uyitptk&cof=FORID%3A11&q=Frank+Murphy&sa=Search#1021. 
14. ^ Holli, Melvin G. (1999). The American mayor: the best & the worst big-city leaders. University Park, Pa.: Pennsylvania State University Press. ISBN 0-271-01876-3. http://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.cgi?path=26785931291193. 
15. ^ Gale, Thomson (2004). "Frank Murphy". Encyclopedia of World Biography. http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3404704655.html. 
16. ^ High Commissioner to the Philippines
17. ^ [Times Herald] Connell: Murphy: a judge -- not a robot JULY 19, 2009
18. ^ Professor Neil Leighton, Professor Emeritus, University of Michigan-Flint.
19. ^ "Detroit News on the Flint UAW/GM sit-down strike.". http://info.detnews.com/redesign/history/story/historytemplate.cfm?id=115&CFID=10878005&CFTOKEN=54778416. 
20. ^ "Detroit News, Rearview Mirror, The Sit-down strike at General Motors.". http://info.detnews.com/history/story/index.cfm?id=115&category=business. 
21. ^ Detroit Free Press, Flint Sit-down strike end anniversary February 10, 2008.
22. ^ Tushnet, Mark V. (1994). Making civil rights law: Thurgood Marshall and the Supreme Court, 1936-1961. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-510468-4. http://books.google.com/books?id=qi8XaPE_Ru8C&pg=PA49&lpg=PA49&dq=Civil+Liberties+Section+history+doj+frank+murphy&source=bl&ots=6f0Qmfd8yB&sig=x9CixR3QlnWuiSp8zq8uvqqHdzg&hl=en&ei=i_OySeCMM5PsNcTXhaUM&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=5&ct=result#PPT1,M1. 
23. ^ Supreme Court Historical Society "on Hughes Court.". http://www.supremecourthistory.org/02_history/subs_history/02_c11.html. 
24. ^ "Supreme Court Historical Society on Stone Court.". http://www.supremecourthistory.org/02_history/subs_history/02_c12.html. 
25. ^ "Supreme Court Historical Society on Vinson Court.". http://www.supremecourthistory.org/02_history/subs_history/02_c13.html. 
26. ^ See generally, Norris, Harold., Mr. Justice Murphy and the Bill of Rights. (Dobbs Ferry, NY: Oceana Publications, Inc., 1965), which includes some of Murphy's opinions, as well as a biography.
27. ^ ^{a b} Maveal, Gary, "Michigan Lawyers in History — Justice Frank Murphy, Michigan’s Leading Citizen", 79 Michigan Bar Journal 368 (March 2000).
28. ^ Howard, J. Woodford, Jr., Mr. Justice Murphy: A Political Biography (Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press: 1968).
29. ^ Ball, Howard. Hugo L. Black: Cold Steel Warrior. Oxford University Press. 2006. ISBN 0-19-507814-4. Page 14.
30. ^ Ball, Howard. Hugo L. Black: Cold Steel Warrior. Oxford University Press. 2006. ISBN 0-19-507814-4. Pages 212-213.
31. ^ "Oyez: U.S. Supreme Court media on Frank Murphy". http://www.oyez.org/justices/frank_murphy/. 
32. ^ "American President, An Online Reference Resource: Franklin Roosevelt.". http://millercenter.org/academic/americanpresident/fdroosevelt/essays/cabinet/527. 
33. ^ Edelheit, Abraham; Edelheit, Hershel. (1994) "History of the Holocaust: a handbook and dictionary (Boulder: Westview Press)". http://books.google.com/books?id=0DkMHTRtQIYC&pg=PA365&lpg=PA365&dq=National+Committee+against+Nazi+Persecution+and+Extermination+of+the+Jews&source=bl&ots=3zxRIdWRDT&sig=6DkmtKIi_kKI2wiqsgLwAQGNsLY&hl=en&ei=S_rdSd-5JInuMsfMwe8J&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4.  ISBN 0813322405; ISBN 9780813322407, 524 pages, p. 365.
34. ^ "Wayne County Prosecutor's webpage.". http://www.waynecounty.com/prosecutor/findFMHJ.htm. 
35. ^ "Michigan Legal Milestones.". http://www.michbar.org/programs/milestones.cfm. 
36. ^ "Carl Milles sculptures, Detroit News.". http://info.detnews.com/redesign/history/story/historytemplate.cfm?id=39&CFID=6667146&CFTOKEN=45521831. 
37. ^ "Photograph of Carl Milles' The Hand of God, evidencing why it was put on top of a 24-foot (7.3 m) spire.". http://www.3106.net/img/milles02.jpg. 
38. ^ Lidén, Elisabeth, Between Waters and Heaven: Carl Milles -Search for American Commissions, Almquist & Wiksell International, Stockholm, Sweden, 1986
39. ^ "Bentley Historical Library.". http://mirlyn.lib.umich.edu/F/?func=find-b&find_code=WRD&local_base=bent_pub&request=Frank+Murphy. 
40. ^ List of repositories of Murphy papers. Note: this list does not mention the Central Michigan University Clarke Historical Library; nor does it mention a number of other sources otherwise referenced in this article. See also, lists in Bibliography, including speeches and writings, of William Francis "Frank" Murphy, 6th Circuit U.S. Court of Appeals.
41. ^ See also, Federal Judicial Center, Researching Frank Murphy.
42. ^ Sidney Fine (1984). Frank Murphy. University of Michigan Press. ISBN 0472329499. http://books.google.com/books?id=ecbzqNewkcIC&pg=PA27&lpg=PA27&dq=frank+murphy+school&source=web&ots=3D1CnMe3TQ&sig=TWd5s2RZKwOiD__pnMh7h7fLGbg&hl=en. 
43. ^ "Frank Murphy Honor Society, University of Detroit honors Judge Julian Cook.". http://www.ca6.uscourts.gov/lib_hist/Courts/district%20court/MI/EDMI/judges/jac-bio.html. 
44. ^ "The Sweet Trials: University of Detroit Mercy". http://sweettrials.udmercy.edu/sweet_trial_play.htm. 
45. ^ "Frank Murphy School.". http://www.trulia.com/schools/MI-Detroit/Frank_Murphy_School/. "List of Detroit Public Elementary Schools.". http://www.detroit.k12.mi.us/schools/by-curriculum/EL/. 

Further reading

• Abraham, Henry J. Justices and Presidents: A Political History of Appointments to the Supreme Court. 3d. ed. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1992). ISBN 0-19-506557-3.
• Frank Murphy, American National Biography.
• Ariens, Michael, Supreme Court Justices, Frank Murphy (1890-1949).
• Arnold, Thurman Wesley. "Mr. Justice Murphy." 63 Harvard Law Review 289 (1949).
• Bak, Richard, "(Frank) Murphy's Law", Hour Detroit, September, 2008.
• Baulch, Vivian M. and Zacharias, Patricia, Rearview Mirror, The Historic 1936-37 Flint Auto Plant Strike, The Detroit News.
• Barnet, Vincent M., Jr. "Mr. Justice Murphy, Civil Liberties and the Holmes' Tradition." 32 Cornell Law Quarterly 177 (1946).
• Bibliography and Biography, William Francis "Frank" Murphy, 6th Circuit United States Court of Appeals.
• Biographical Dictionary of the Federal Judiciary. Detroit: Gale Research, 1976.
• Black, Hugo L., "Mr. Justice Murphy." 48 Michigan Law Review 739 (1950).
• Boyle, Kevin, Arc of Justice: A Saga of Race, Civil Rights and Murder in the Jazz Age (Henry Holt & Company, New York: 2004). (National Book Award Winner for non-fiction, a finalist for the Pulitzer Prize and the National Book Critics Circle Award) ISBN 0805079335; ISBN 978-0805079333.
• Cushman, Clare. The Supreme Court Justices: Illustrated Biographies,1789-1995 (2nd ed.) (Supreme Court Historical Society), (Congressional Quarterly Books, 2001) ISBN 1568021267; ISBN 9781568021263.
• Fine, Sidney, Frank Murphy, Michigan's 35th Governor, Archives of Michigan.
• Fine, Sidney, Frank Murphy in World War I. (Ann Arbor: Michigan Historical Collections, 1968) Photos, 44 pp.
• Fine, Sidney, Frank Murphy: The Detroit Years. (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1975) 618 pages. ISBN 0472329499.
• Fine, Sidney, Frank Murphy: The New Deal Years. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979) ISBN 0226249344; ISBN 9780226249346; ISBN 0226658716.
• Fine, Sidney, Frank Murphy. Volume 3, The Washington Years (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1984) ISBN 0472100467.
• Fine, Sidney, Frank Murphy. 3 vols. (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1975-1984). ISBN 0472329499, ISBN 9780472329496.^[1]
• Fine, Sidney, Sit-down: The General Motors Strike of 1936-1937. (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1969). ISBN 9780472329489; ISBN 0472329480; ISBN 039511778X.
• Frank, John P., The Justices of the United States Supreme Court: Their Lives and Major Opinions 5 vols.,(Leon Friedman and Fred L. Israel, editors) (New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1995) ISBN 0791013774, ISBN 978-0791013779.
• Friend, Theodore, Between Two Empires: The Ordeal of the Philippines, 1929-1946 (1965).
• Holli, Melvin G., The American Mayor: The Best & The Worst Big-City Leaders. (University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1999.) xi + 210 pp. Photographs, appendices, notes, and index. ISBN 978-0-271-01877-5; ISBN 0-271-01876-3.
• Hall, Kermit L., ed. The Oxford Companion to the Supreme Court of the United States. New York: Oxford University Press, 1992.,ISBN 0195058356; ISBN 9780195058352.
• Howard, J. Woodford, Jr., Mr. Justice Murphy: A Political Biography (Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press: 1968).
• Lopez, Ian F. Haney, A nation of minorities: race, ethnicity, and reactionary colorblindness, Stanford Law Review, February 1, 2007.
• Lunt, Richard D., The High Ministry of Government: The Political Career of Frank Murphy (Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1965) (Ph.D diss. University of New Mexico).
• Marshall, Thurgood. "Mr. Justice Murphy and Civil Rights." 48 Michigan Law Review 745 (1950).
• Martin, Fenton S. and Goehlert, Robert U., The U.S. Supreme Court: A Bibliography, (Congressional Quarterly Books, 1990). ISBN 0871875543.
• Maveal, Gary, "Michigan Lawyers in History — Justice Frank Murphy, Michigan’s Leading Citizen," 79 Michigan Bar Journal 368 (March 2000).
• Nawrocki, Dennis Alan, Art in Detroit Public Places, (Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1980). pg. 63, biographical material on Frank Murphy.
• Norris, Harold, Mr. Justice Murphy and the Bill of Rights. (Dobbs Ferry, NY: Oceana Publications, Inc., 1965).^[2]
• Ossian Sweet Murder Trial Scrapbook, 1925. Scrapbook and photocopy of the November 1925 murder trial of Ossian Sweet. Clarke Historical Library, Central Michigan University.^[3]
• Roche, John P. "Mr. Justice Murphy", Mr. Justice, Dunham, Allison and Kurland, Philip B., eds., 281-317. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1956, rev. ed. 1964).
• St. Antoine, Theodore J., Justice Frank Murphy and American labor law, Michigan Law Review (100 MLR 1900, June 1, 2002).
• Toms, Robert, Speech on the Sweet murder trials upon retirement of the prosecuting attorney in 1960, Clarke Historical Library, Central Michigan University.^[4]
• Tushnet, Mark, ed. (2008) I Dissent: Great Opposing Opinions in Landmark Supreme Court Cases, Malaysia: Beacon Press, pp. 256, ISBN 978-080700036-6.
• Urofsky, Melvin I., Division and Discord: The Supreme Court under Stone and Vinson, 1941-1953 (University of South Carolina Press, 1997) ISBN 1570031207.
• Urofsky, Melvin I., The Supreme Court Justices: A Biographical Dictionary (New York: Garland Publishing 1994). 590 pp. ISBN 0815311761; ISBN 978-0815311768.
• Vile, John R., ed. (2003), Great American Judges: An Encyclopedia, 1, Santa Barbara: ABC–CLIO, ISBN 978-1576079898 .
• Vine, Phyllis. One Man's Castle: Clarence Darrow in Defense of the American Dream. (New York: Amistad, 2005). ISBN 9780066214153.
• White, G. Edward (2007), The American Judicial Tradition: Profiles of Leading American Judges (3rd ed.), Oxford: Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0195139624 .

Reading notes

1. ^ This and a number of other books on Murphy by Fine are part of a list of 50 "essential" Michigan history books by the Michigan Department of History, Arts and Libraries.
2. ^ "Harold Norris's papers, including drafts of his book, are on deposit with the Walter Reuther Library at Wayne State University.". http://www.ca6.uscourts.gov/lib_hist/Courts/supreme/judges/fm-lop.html. 
3. ^ "Clarke Historical Library manuscript (Central Michigan University) Scrapbook of Sweet Murder Trial.". http://clarke.cmich.edu/africanamericanhistoryresources/manuscriptmaterial.htm. 
4. ^ "Clarke Historical Library manuscript, Robert Toms speeches.". http://clarke.cmich.edu/africanamericanhistoryresources/manuscriptmaterial.htm. 

External links

Wikisource has original text related to this article: Author: Frank Murphy

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Frank Murphy

• Frank Murphy quotations – a few at "Brainy Quote".
• Gubernatorial photographic portrait of Frank Murphy, Michigan archives.
• National Governors Association, Frank Murphy Biography.
• Oyez: U.S. Supreme Court media on Frank Murphy
• Photograph, Franklin Roosevelt, Eleanor Roosevelt and Frank Murphy, Virtual Detroit, The Detroit News.
• Political Graveyard, Frank Murphy.
• The Sweet Trials University of Detroit Mercy.
• The Sweet Trials home page, Famous American Trials, University of Missouri, Kansas City.
• Time Magazine cover, Frank Murphy, August 28, 1939.
• "Death of an Apostle". Time Magazine. 1949-08-01. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,794891,00.html. Retrieved 2008-08-14. 
• University of Michigan Law Quadrangle Notes on Frank Murphy.
• United States Conference of Mayors on Frank Murphy
• United States Department of Justice, Biographies of U.S. Attorneys General, Frank Murphy.

Political offices
Preceded by Theodore Roosevelt, Jr.	Governor-General of the Philippines 1933-1935	Succeeded by Manuel L. Quezon as President of the Philippine Commonwealth
Preceded by (none)	High Commissioner of the Philippines 1935-1936	Succeeded by Paul V. McNutt
Preceded by Frank Fitzgerald	Governor of Michigan 1937-1939	Succeeded by Frank Fitzgerald
Legal offices
Preceded by Homer S. Cummings	Attorney General of the United States 1939 – 1940	Succeeded by Robert H. Jackson
Preceded by Pierce Butler	Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States February 5, 1940 – July 19, 1949	Succeeded by Tom C. Clark

v • d • e United States Attorneys General Randolph • Bradford • Lee • Lincoln • Breckinridge • Rodney • Pinkney • Rush • Wirt • Berrien • Taney • Butler • Grundy • Gilpin • Crittenden • Legaré • Nelson • Mason • Clifford • Toucey • Johnson • Crittenden • Cushing • Black • Stanton • Bates • Speed • Stanberry • Evarts • Hoar • Akerman • Williams • Pierrepont • Taft • Devens • MacVeagh • Brewster • Garland • Miller • Olney • Harmon • McKenna • Griggs • Knox • Moody • Bonaparte • Wickersham • McReynolds • Gregory • Palmer • Daugherty • Stone • Sargent • W D Mitchell • Cummings • Murphy • Jackson • Biddle • T C Clark • McGrath • McGranery • Brownell • Rogers • Kennedy • Katzenbach • W R Clark • J N Mitchell • Kleindienst • Richardson • Saxbe • Levi • Bell • Civiletti • Smith • Meese • Thornburgh • Barr • Reno • Ashcroft • Gonzales • Mukasey • Holder

v • d • e Cabinet of President Franklin D. Roosevelt (1933–1945) Vice President John Nance Garner (1933–1941) • Henry A. Wallace (1941–1945) • Harry S. Truman (1945) Secretary of State Cordell Hull (1933–1944) • Edward Stettinius, Jr. (1944–1945) Secretary of War George Dern (1933–1936) • Harry Hines Woodring (1936–1940) • Henry L. Stimson (1940–1945) Secretary of the Treasury William Hartman Woodin (1933–1934) • Henry Morgenthau, Jr. (1934–1945) Attorney General Homer Stille Cummings (1933–1939) • Frank Murphy (1939–1940) • Robert H. Jackson (1940–1941) • Francis Biddle (1941–1945) Postmaster General James Farley (1933–1940) • Frank Comerford Walker (1940–1945) Secretary of the Navy Claude A. Swanson (1933–1939) • Charles Edison (1940) • Frank Knox (1940–1944) • James Forrestal (1944–1945) Secretary of the Interior Harold L. Ickes (1933–1945) Secretary of the Agriculture Henry A. Wallace (1933–1940) • Claude R. Wickard (1940–1945) Secretary of Commerce Daniel Calhoun Roper (1933–1938) • Harry Hopkins (1939–1940) • Jesse Holman Jones (1940–1945) • Henry A. Wallace (1945) Secretary of Labor Frances Perkins (1933–1945)

v • d • e Governors of Michigan Territorial (1805–1837) Hull · Cass · Porter · Mason · Horner State (since 1837) Mason · Woodbridge · Gordon · Barry · Felch · Greenly · Ransom · Barry · McClelland · Parsons · Bingham · Wisner · Blair · Crapo · Baldwin · Bagley · Croswell · Jerome · Begole · Alger · Luce · Winans · Rich · Pingree · Bliss · Warner · Osborn · Ferris · Sleeper · Groesbeck · Green · Brucker · Comstock · Fitzgerald · Murphy · Fitzgerald · Dickinson · Van Wagoner · Kelly · Sigler · Williams · Swainson · Romney · Milliken · Blanchard · Engler · Granholm

v • d • e American Governors-General of the Philippines Merritt · Otis · MacArthur · Taft · Wright · Ide · Smith · Forbes · Gilbert · Harrison · Yeater · Wood · Gilmore · Stimson · Gilmore · Davis · Butte · Roosevelt · Murphy Smallcaps indicate military governors · Italics indicate acting governors

v • d • e Spanish, British and American Governor-Generals of the Philippines Histories: Philippines  · Military Spanish government (1565-1898) Spanish colonial government (1565–1761) Legazpi  · Lavezaris  · Sande  · Ronquillo de Peñalosa  · Ronquillo  · de Vera  · G. Dasmariñas  · de Rojas  · L. Dasmariñas  · Tello de Guzmán  · Bravo de Acuña  · Téllez de Almanza  · Vivero  · Juan de Silva  · Alcaraz  · Fajardo de Entenza  · Jeronimo de Silva  · Fernándo de Silva  · Tabora  · Salamanca  · Hurtado de Corcuera  · Diego Fajardo  · Manrique de Lara  · Salcedo  · de la Peña Bonifaz  · de León  · Coloma  · Sotomayor  · Vargas y Hurtado  · Curuzealegui  · Avila Fuertes  · Cruzat  · Zabálburu de Echevarri  · Urzua  · Torralba  · Bustamante  · de la Cuesta  · Cosio  · Valdés  · G. de la Torre  · Arrechederra  · Obando  · Arandia  · Ezpelata British occupation (1761-1764) Rojo del Rio  · Anda  · Drake1 Spanish colonial government (1764–1872) de la Torre  · Raón  · Anda  · de Sarrio  · Basco  · Sarrio  · Berenguer de Marquina  · de Aguilar y Ponce de León  · de Folgueras  · Gonzalez de Aguilar  · Gardoqui Jaraveitia  · de Folgueras  · Martínez  · Ricafort  · Enrile  · de Torres  · de Crámer  · Salazar Castillo  · García Camba  · Lardizábal  · Oraá Lecumberri  · Alcalá de la Torre  · Claveria  · Blanco  · de Urbistondo  · Montero  · Pavía  · Montero  · Crespo  · Montero  · Norzagaray  · Solano  · Dávila  · Lemery  · Valdés  · Echague  · del Solar  · de Lara  · de Sanz  · Osorio  · del Solar  · de la Gándara  · Maldonado  · Cárlos María de la Torre  · Izquierdo Pre-revolution (1872-1896) MacCrohon  · Alminos  · Valderrama  · Malcampo  · Moriones  · Arias  · Primo de Rivera  · Molíns  · Jovellar  · Molíns  · Terrero  · Molto  · Lobaton  · Wéyler  · Despujol  · Ochando  · Blanco Philippine Revolution (1896-1898) de Polavieja  · Lachambre  · Primo de Rivera  · Augustín  · Jáudenes  · Rizzo  · de los Ríos American government (1898-1946) Military government (1898-1901) Merritt  · Otis  · MacArthur Civil government (1901-1935) Taft  · Wright  · Ide  · Smith  · Forbes  · Gilbert  · Harrison  · Yeater  · Wood  · Gilmore  · Stimson  · Gilmore  · Davis  · Butte  · Roosevelt  · Murphy See also British Occupation of the Philippines  · Commonwealth of the Philippines Locations: Viceroyalty  · Spanish Empire  · Commonwealth · Malacañang Palace 1 First and last British governor-general of Manila.

v • d • e Presidents of the United States Conference of Mayors Murphy  · Curley  · Walmsley  · Hoan  · La Guardia  · Kelly  · Welsh  · Green  · Lawrence  · Kennelly  · Burke  · Robinson  · Hynes  · Wagner  · Poulson  · Daley, R. J.  · Dilworth  · Burns  · Celebrezze  · Lee  · Selland  · Tucker  · Blaisdell  · Cavanagh  · Barr  · Schrunk  · Maltester  · Tate  · Maier  · Welch  · Martin  · Alioto  · Landrieu  · Gibson  · Alexander  · McNichols  · Carver  · Hatcher  · Boosalis  · Young  · Fulton  · Padilla  · E. Morial  · Riley  · Berkley  · Holland  · Whitmire  · Isaac  · Flynn  · Althaus  · Abramson  · Ashe  · Rice  · R. M. Daley  · Helmke  · Corradini  · Webb  · Coles  · Morial, M.  · Menino  · Garner  · Plusquellic  · O'Neill  · Guido  · Palmer  · Diaz  · Greg Nickels

Supreme Court of the United States

The Hughes Court Chief Justice: Charles Evans Hughes (1930–1941) 1940–1941: J.C. McReynolds | H.F. Stone | O.J. Roberts | H. Black | S.F. Reed | F. Frankfurter | Wm. O. Douglas | F. Murphy Feb-Jul 1941: H.F. Stone | O.J. Roberts | H. Black | S.F. Reed | F. Frankfurter | Wm. O. Douglas | F. Murphy | (vacancy) The Stone Court Chief Justice: Harlan Fiske Stone (1941–1946) 1941–1942: O.J. Roberts | H. Black | S.F. Reed | F. Frankfurter | Wm. O. Douglas | F. Murphy | J.F. Byrnes | R.H. Jackson 1943–1945: O.J. Roberts | H. Black | S.F. Reed | F. Frankfurter | Wm. O. Douglas | F. Murphy | R.H. Jackson | W.B. Rutledge 1945–1946: H. Black | S.F. Reed | F. Frankfurter | Wm. O. Douglas | F. Murphy | R.H. Jackson | W.B. Rutledge | H.H. Burton The Vinson Court Chief Justice: Frederick Moore Vinson (1946–1953) 1946–1949: H. Black | S.F. Reed | F. Frankfurter | Wm. O. Douglas | F. Murphy | R.H. Jackson | W.B. Rutledge | H.H. Burton

Persondata
NAME	Murphy, Frank
ALTERNATIVE NAMES
SHORT DESCRIPTION	Politician and Supreme court justice
DATE OF BIRTH	April 13, 1890
PLACE OF BIRTH	Harbor Beach, Michigan
DATE OF DEATH	July 19, 1949
PLACE OF DEATH	Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan

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