Frank Robinson

For more information on Frank Robinson, visit Britannica.com.

Frank Robinson, Jr. (born 1935), was the only baseball player to win Most Valuable Player awards in each major league, the first African American player to manage a baseball team in each major league, and the first to be named Manager of the Year in the National as well as the American League.

Frank Robinson, Jr., was born on August 31, 1935, at Silsbee, Texas, the son of Ruth (Shaw) Robinson and her third husband, railroad worker Frank Robinson. Robinson was the last child born to his mother, whose previous two marriages had produced nine children. When separated from the senior Robinson, the mother moved to California with four-year-old Frank and his two half brothers, eventually settling in the Oakland area. Frank Robinson grew up in a poor, ethnically diverse neighborhood where he starred as an athlete. Excelling in baseball, the 15-year-old Robinson was a right-handed hitting and throwing out-fielder on Coach George Powley's 1950 American Legion team, which won a second consecutive national title. Robinson later played under Cowley at McClymonds High School, whose baseball program also developed future out-field stars Vada Pinson and Curt Flood.

After graduating in 1953, Robinson signed with the Cincinnati Reds for a $3,500 bonus. Assigned to Ogden, Utah, in the Pioneer League, outfielder Robinson batted. 348. The following year, after playing eight games at second base with the Tulsa, Oklahoma, team of the Texas League, Robinson played with the Columbus, Georgia, team of the South Atlantic (Sally) League, batting .336 with 25 homers and 110 RBIs (runs batted in). Over the winter he injured his right arm playing in Puerto Rico. In the spring of 1955 Robinson trained with the Cincinnati Reds, but reinjured his arm and was reassigned to the Columbus team. In his three-year minor league stint Robinson learned to cope with the racial discrimination that also marred his early years in the majors.

Following a strong second half performance at Columbus, Robinson joined the Cincinnati Reds in the spring of 1956. In a brilliant debut he batted .290 with 38 homers and a league-leading 122 runs scored and won National League Rookie-of-the-Year honors. An established star with the Reds, over the next nine seasons the 6 foot 1 inch outfielder topped the .300 mark five times, struck 25 or more homers eight times, led the league in slugging percentage over the years 1960 to 1962, and four times drove in 100 or more runs. During those years Robinson's harddriving, aggressive style of play earned him a reputation as a "vicious" player, but Robinson endured frequent injuries and perennially led the league in being hit by pitched balls.

In 1961, after being arrested and fined $250 for wielding a gun in a pre-season lunch counter fracas in Cincinnati, the contrite Robinson led the Reds to their first National League pennant since 1940. For batting .323 with 37 homers and 117 RBIs, he won the league's Most Valuable Player award. On October 28, 1961, Robinson married Barbara Ann Cole of Los Angeles; an enduring union, it produced a son, Frank Kevin, born in 1962, and a daughter, Nichelle, born in 1965.

In the wake of contract disputes with Cincinnati general manager Bill DeWitt, who labeled him "an old 30 year old," Robinson was traded to the American League Baltimore Orioles following the 1965 season. In belying that judgment, Robinson's Triple Crown (.316-44-122) batting carried the Orioles to their first World Championship. After winning the World Series Most Valuable Player award, Robinson was voted the American League's Most Valuable Player, thus becoming the first player to win the honor in both major leagues. As a high-salaried star, Robinson's six years with the Orioles (1966-1971) saw his team win four pennants and two world titles; Robinson's contribution to these achievements included four .300 plus batting performances and five 25 plus homer seasons.

In 1972 Robinson was traded to the National League Dodgers, who dealt him to the American League California Angels in 1973. By then the aging Robinson was performing mostly as a designated hitter. In 1974 the Angels traded him to the American League Cleveland Indians, where Robinson soon realized his dream of becoming the first African American manager in the major leagues. In pursuit of that goal, over the past several winters Robinson had gained experience by managing the Santurce club of the Puerto Rican (winter) league.

Robinson's appointment as a manager of the Indians in October 1974 was a media event that drew a congratulatory telegram from President Gerald Ford. In his first game as playing manager in April 1975 Robinson homered in his first at bat to lead his team to victory. Robinson's 1975 Indians finished at 79-80, and the following year the team's 81-78 mark was Cleveland's first winning season since 1968. But when Cleveland faltered in 1977, Robinson became the first Black manager to be fired. By then Robinson's playing career had ended. As a player Robinson played 21 seasons in the majors, batting .294 with 2,943 hits. His 586 homers ranked him fourth among major league sluggers and his 1,829 RBIs ranked tenth.

After three seasons of coaching with the American League Angels and Orioles, including a 1978 managerial stint with the Orioles' Rochester, New York, club, Robinson became the National League's first African American manager in 1981 when he signed with the San Francisco Giants. In 1982 his team's 87-75 record won him National League Manager-of-the-Year honors; that year Robinson was also honored by election to the Baseball Hall of Fame. But after the Giants slumped in 1983 and in 1984, Robinson was fired.

Returning to the Orioles, Robinson coached under three managers, including Cal Ripken, under whose leadership the 1988 Orioles faltered badly. Replacing Ripken that year, Robinson directed the 1989 Orioles to a remarkable turnabout; mounting an 87-75 record, the Orioles finished a strong second in their division. That feat won Robinson recognition as National League Manager of the Year. But the following year (1990) the Orioles fell to 76-85 and when they started slowly, 13-24, in 1991 Robinson was replaced as manager by John Oates. The Hall-of-Famer then moved into the Oriole front office as assistant general manager. Robinson continues to remain active in the field of baseball.

Further Reading

Jules Tygiel's Baseball's Great Experiment (1984) surveys the struggles of Black players in gaining admission to the major leagues. David Q. Voigt's American Baseball: From Postwar Expansion to the Electronic Age (1983) and Baseball: An Illustrated History (1987) treat Black players both in the segregated leagues and in the era of integration in baseball's major leagues.

Robinson's three semi-popular autobiographies trace his major league baseball odyssey as a star player and as the first Black manager in both major leagues. The first, Frank Robinson with Al Silverman, My Life in Baseball (1968), covers his playing years to 1967 and offers important insights into his formative years, his encounters with racism in baseball, his views on hitting and fielding, and his aggressive style of play. A second volume, Frank Robinson with Russell Schneider, The Making of a Manager (1976), updates his playing career and furnishes a candid account of the trials and tribulations he encountered as the rookie manager of the Cleveland Indians. A third volume, Frank Robinson with Berry Stainback, Extra Innings (1988), covers Robinson's years as a manager of the Giants and offers forthright comments on problems of racial discrimination in major league baseball.

baseball player; coach; manager

Personal Information

Born August 31, 1935, in Beaumont, TX; son of Frank and Ruth (Shaw) Robinson; married Barbara Ann Cole, October 28, 1961; children: Frank Kevin, Nichelle.
Education: Attended Xavier University.

Career

Professional baseball player, 1956-77. Cincinnati Reds, player, 1956-65; Baltimore Orioles, player, 1966-71, coach, 1978-80, 1985-87, manager, 1988-91, assistant to general manager, 1991--; Los Angeles Dodgers, player, 1972; California Angels, player, 1973-74, coach, 1977; Cleveland Indians, player, 1974-77, manager, 1975-77; San Francisco Giants, manager, 1981-84.

Life's Work

Frank Robinson broke one of major league baseball's most visible barriers when he was named manager of the Cleveland Indians in 1975. An accomplished player whose abilities earned him quick induction into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1982, Robinson became a pioneer for blacks in the sport's management and executive ranks. After more than four decades in baseball, he became the assistant general manager of the Baltimore Orioles in 1990. Few of the goals Robinson has set for himself have eluded him over a long and fruitful career. Baltimore Sun reporter Tom Keegan wrote that Robinson "has built a reputation as a sound baseball man with a deep passion for the game, an up-front individual who doesn't shy away from a confrontation."

Robinson was once considered one of baseball's most temperamental and aggressive players--and one of the sport's rudest managers. An Ebony contributor charitably described him as "one of the most startling men in baseball and a nostalgic carry-back to the old days of the game--the days of hard hitting and harder fielding, of bench-sniping, occasionally brawls, and plain old cussedness." That was the Robinson reputation for 20 years, but middle age and front office responsibilities mellowed the man considerably. Ken Rosenthal noted in the Los Angeles Times that Robinson "is now fulfilling the role of patient master. Relentless? Obsessed? Abrupt? He is none of those things anymore."

Frank Robinson was born in Beaumont, Texas, in 1935, the youngest of ten children in what was essentially a single-parent household. Robinson's father deserted the family when he was an infant, and his mother struggled to provide her children with the basic necessities. When Robinson was four his mother moved the family to Oakland, California. There he grew up, determined to be a professional baseball player despite what seemed like insurmountable odds.

"I never really knew my own father," Robinson told Sports Illustrated. "But it didn't bother me. My mother, my brothers and sisters. I was always right in the middle of a bunch of bigger boys, and they'd rough me up and give me information. They were always keeping my feet on the ground, making me see the outlook from other sides." Living in a mixed-race neighborhood of West Oakland, Robinson spent most of his waking hours on the sandlot, playing baseball and planning his future in the major leagues. Robinson's devotion to baseball continued into high school, where he played third base and even pitched a game or two. He also played basketball with Bill Russell, who later became one of professional basketball's most famous stars.

Right out of high school Robinson signed with the Cincinnati Reds organization. He was sent to the Class C team in Ogden, Utah, for the 1953 season. The California-raised Robinson quickly found much to dislike in Ogden. The only movie theater in town did not admit blacks, and most of the restaurants were segregated as well. Despite the racism Robinson shined on the field, batting .348, leading his team in home runs, and hitting 20 doubles and six triples. When he requested a move from third base to the outfield, his defense improved as well.

Robinson found himself in an even more tense racial situation in 1954 and 1955, when he played in the South Atlantic League. Fans in cities such as Macon, Georgia, and Columbia, South Carolina, hurled abuse at the young player, and he admits it got under his skin. By the time he was called to the Cincinnati Reds in 1956, he told Sports Illustrated, he was "quiet and withdrawn," both afraid and unwilling to associate with his teammates. On the field, however, his first major league performance was nothing short of dazzling. He batted .290 with 83 runs batted in (RBI) and hit a rookie record-tying 26 home runs. He was voted National League rookie of the year and was talked about as a sure prospect for superstardom.

By 1961, when Robinson helped the Reds win their first pennant in two decades, he was one of the most detested men in baseball. His aggressive use of spikes on the base path and his penchant for hitting blistering home runs did not endear him to his opponents. So much animosity developed between Robinson and the Reds' general manager Bill DeWitt that Robinson threatened to retire in 1962, but even amidst the tension Robinson was able to compile remarkable statistics. In 1961 he batted .323 with 37 home runs, and in 1962, he hit a phenomenal .342 with 39 homers and 136 RBI. He was voted the National League Most Valuable Player (MVP) in 1961, and was paid a then-record salary in excess of $60,000. But problems continued between Robinson and the Cincinnati front office, so in the offseason of 1965 the Reds traded their star to the Baltimore Orioles.

Some observers hinted darkly that at 30, Robinson was past his prime. Sports Illustrated correspondent Mark Kram noted: "At Baltimore his prestige would be in a precarious position. For the Orioles, he alone could mean a pennant." Robinson brought the Orioles a pennant and more, for his two home runs in the 1966 World Series helped Baltimore to a four-game sweep. It was the first World Series championship ever for the Orioles, and soon after they won, Robinson was named American League MVP. He was the first baseball star ever to win MVP in both the National League and the American League. The Orioles raised Robinson's salary to $100,000 per year and filled their promotional materials with clips of Robinson highlights, including a home run that completely cleared Baltimore's Memorial Stadium.

Robinson remembers his years playing for the Orioles as his favorites. In Baltimore he assumed a leadership role, and he began to study the managing techniques of Earl Weaver. All told, Robinson helped the Orioles to win four pennants and two World Series titles in five years, while simultaneously becoming the 11th player in major league history to hit 500 home runs. Robinson's years in Baltimore saw another important step in his career as well. In the offseason he began managing the Santurce Cangrejeros (Crabbers), a top team in the Puerto Rican winter league. Early in 1969 Robinson brought the winter league pennant to Santurce and earned his first Manager of the Year honors.

Robinson, whose 586 career home runs put him fourth on the all-time list, made no secret of his managerial ambitions as his playing career wound down. While with the Los Angeles Dodgers and then the California Angels, he often expressed the desire to play for an organization that would be willing to track him into a management or front office position. The difficulty was that in the mid-1970s blacks were well represented on the field as players but had yet to make any inroads into executive positions with the clubs. Robinson's wish came true in 1975, when he moved to the Cleveland Indians, first as a player-manager and then simply as the manager.

Well aware that he was making history, Robinson chose to downplay the racial overtones of the situation, asking instead to be judged simply on his merits. He managed the Indians until 1977, pushing their record over .500 during the 1976 season. He was fired after a round of intense clubhouse bickering and rumors that he could not tolerate less talented players. Robinson answered the charges in a Sports Illustrated feature. "They say catchers or .200 hitters or minor league players make the best managers, because they are 'students of the game' and are understanding of difficult situations," he said. "I've heard just the opposite from top players. 'How can that guy tell me what to do?' they say. 'How can he understand me when he has never been at the level I'm at?'"

Chafing at the innuendos that surrounded his Cleveland days, Robinson returned to Baltimore as first base coach under his former manager, Earl Weaver. In 1980 he was given a second chance to manage, this time in the National League with the San Francisco Giants. Robinson led the Giants to back-to-back winning years in 1980 and 1981, then involved them in a close pennant race in 1982 that earned him National League Manager of the Year honors. Once again conflicts developed. Robinson was curt with the press, short of patience with some of his younger players, and stymied by an uncooperative front office. He was fired in 1984.

Robinson told the Los Angeles Times: "After I was fired for the second time as manager, I think I finally got a different perspective on myself. After I looked at myself and the way I'd lived, maybe I was wrong more than I was right. Maybe it's not the way you look at yourself, but the way other people see you." The baseball legend subjected himself to a close self-analysis that he said improved his managerial skills in the long run. "I studied Frank Robinson," he concluded, "putting things in order and deciding this is what Frank Robinson wants to accomplish and this is who he wants to be."

Robinson brought a new attitude back to the Baltimore Orioles when he took over as manager six games into the 1988 season. Baltimore had already lost its first six games and was on the way to a record-setting season-opening streak of losses that seemed to set the tone for the season. By October of 1988 the Orioles had suffered 101 losses. Some observers felt it would take years for the team to rebound. Robinson refused to adopt a defeatist attitude, nor did he cast blame on others in the Orioles' organization. Instead he hired batting coach Tom McCraw and pitching coach Al Jackson to help him strengthen a team of relatively raw youngsters.

The 1989 Orioles, an array of rookies, players who had been released by other clubs, and struggling pitchers, began to mesh early in the spring and dominated first place in the American League East until well into September, losing a pennant bid in the next-to-last game of the season. A team that had been 54-101 in 1988, finished 87-75 in 1989, and Robinson was the unanimous choice for American League Manager of the Year. Robinson told the Washington Post: "When I took over, there was a job to be done, to help rebuild the organization and build a solid contender. The job is not done, and I want to finish that work. We want to be respected contenders every year."

Unfortunately for Robinson, the Orioles slumped to under .500 in 1990 for a fifth place finish. When the team began 1991 at 13-24 under Robinson, he was relieved of his duties as manager. This time, however, he was not fired but promoted. The Orioles named him assistant general manager. Working as one of general manager Roland Hemond's two chief lieutenants, the new position gave Robinson input on roster decisions.

Noting that Hemond's contract will expire in the 1990s, some observers have speculated that Robinson may well take his place as the Orioles' general manager. Indeed, Frank Robinson's career serves as a brilliant rebuttal to those who claim blacks lack the ability to manage or run major league franchises. The former MVP and recent Manager of the Year has never compromised his high standards of excellence. Whether he continues to wear a tie to work or returns to the dugout as a manager, Robinson plans to continue working hard and to do the very best job he can for his employers. "People think things have come easy for me," he told the Washington Post. "I worked hard to make myself a good player, and I worked hard to be a better manager."

Awards

Named National League Rookie of the Year, 1956; member of All-Star Team, 1957, 1959, 1961, 1962, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1974; named National League Most Valuable Player, 1961; named American League Most Valuable Player, 1966; named American League Manager of the Year, 1982, 1989; inducted into Baseball Hall of Fame, 1982.

Works

Writings

• (With Al Silverman) My Life Is Baseball, Doubleday, 1968.
• (With Barry Steinbach) Extra Innings, Doubleday, 1989.

Further Reading

Sources

• Baltimore Sun, June 7, 1994, p. C1; July 10, 1994, p. C11; August 7, 1994, p. C8.
• Ebony, September 1966; June 1981.
• Look, May 5, 1970.
• Los Angeles Times, April 16, 1989; July 6, 1989; August 6, 1989.
• Newsweek, October 14, 1974.
• Sports Illustrated, June 17, 1963; February 3, 1969; October 5, 1970; October 21, 1974; March 24, 1975; July 4, 1977; June 19, 1989.
• Time, October 14, 1974.
• Washington Post, November 2, 1989.

— Mark Kram

For other persons named Frank Robinson, see Frank Robinson (disambiguation).

Frank Robinson
Outfielder / Manager
Born: August 31, 1935 (1935-08-31) (age 74) Beaumont, Texas
Batted: Right	Threw: Right
MLB debut
April 17, 1956 for the Cincinnati Reds
Last MLB appearance
September 18, 1976 for the Cleveland Indians
Career statistics
Batting average	.294
Home runs	586
Runs batted in	1,812
Teams
Cincinnati Reds (1956-1965) Baltimore Orioles (1966-1971) Los Angeles Dodgers (1972) California Angels (1973-1974) Cleveland Indians (1974-1976) As Manager Cleveland Indians (1975-1977) San Francisco Giants (1981-1984) Baltimore Orioles (1988-1991) Montreal Expos / Washington Nationals (2002-2006)
Career highlights and awards
12× All-Star selection (1956, 1957, 1959, 1961, 1962, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1974) 2× World Series champion (1966, 1970) 1961 NL MVP 1966 AL MVP 1956 NL Rookie of the Year 1966 World Series MVP 1966 Babe Ruth Award 1971 MLB All-Star Game MVP 1989 AL Manager of the Year Cincinnati Reds #20 retired Baltimore Orioles #20 retired
Member of the National
Baseball Hall of Fame
Induction	1982
Vote	89.16%

The statue of Robinson at Great American Ball Park

Frank Robinson (born August 31, 1935 in Beaumont, Texas), is a former Major League Baseball player. He was an outfielder, most notably with the Cincinnati Reds and the Baltimore Orioles. During a 21-season career, he is the only player to win League MVP honors in both the National and American Leagues^[1] , won the Triple crown, was a member of two teams that won the World Series (the 1966 and 1970 Baltimore Orioles), and amassed the fourth-most career home runs at the time of his retirement (he is currently seventh).

During the last two years of his playing career, he served as the first black manager in Major League history, managing the Cleveland Indians to a 186–189 record. He went on to manage the San Francisco Giants, the Baltimore Orioles, the Montreal Expos and the Washington Nationals.

Contents 1 Early life 2 Playing career 3 Managing career 4 Honors 5 Post Managerial Retirement 6 Regular season stats 7 Managerial Statistics 8 See also 9 Bibliography 10 References 11 External links

Early life

Robinson attended McClymonds High School in Oakland where he was a basketball teammate of Bill Russell. He attended Xavier.

Playing career

Robinson had a long and successful playing career. Unusual for a star in the era before free agency, he split his best years between two teams: the Cincinnati Reds (1956–1965) and the Baltimore Orioles (1966–1971). The later years of his career were spent with the Los Angeles Dodgers (1972), California Angels (1973–1974) and Cleveland Indians (1974 - 1976). He is the only player to be named Most Valuable Player in both leagues, in 1961 with the Reds and again in 1966 with the Orioles.

In his rookie year, 1956, he tied the record of 38 home runs by a rookie as a member of the Cincinnati Reds and was named Rookie of the Year. His best of many seasons with the Reds was 1961, when the Reds won the pennant and Robinson won his first MVP award. The Reds lost the 1961 World Series to the Yankees.

Robinson practiced a gutsy style at the plate, crowding the plate perhaps more than any other batter of his time, substantially past the nominal lines. For this reason, Robinson racked up high HBP totals, and experienced many knockdowns. Asked by an announcer what his solution to the problem was, he answered simply, "Just stand up and lambast the next pitch," which he often did.

Prior to the 1966 season, Reds owner Bill DeWitt sent Robinson to Baltimore in exchange for pitcher Milt Pappas, pitcher Jack Baldschun and outfielder Dick Simpson. The trade is now considered among the most lopsided deals in baseball history. It forever tarnished Dewitt's legacy, and outrage over the deal made it difficult for Pappas to adjust to pitching in Cincinnati (he was traded out of town after only three seasons). DeWitt defended the deal to skeptical Reds fans by claiming that Robinson was "an old 30." Meanwhile, in Robinson's first year in Baltimore, he won the Triple Crown, leading the American League with a .316 batting average, 49 home runs and 122 runs batted in. On May 8, 1966, Robinson became the only player ever to hit a home run completely out of Memorial Stadium. Afterwards, until the Orioles' move to Camden Yards in 1991, a flag labeled "HERE" was flown at the spot where the ball left the stadium.

The Orioles won the World Series, something Robinson's Reds had never accomplished, and Robinson was named the Series MVP. In the Orioles' four-game sweep of the defending champion Los Angeles Dodgers, Robinson hit two home runs—in Game One, which Baltimore won 5-2, and in Game Four, the only run of the game in a 1-0 Series-clinching victory. Both home runs were hit off Don Drysdale.

It was in Baltimore that he first became active in the civil rights movement. He originally declined membership in the NAACP unless the organization promised not to make him do public appearances. However, after witnessing Baltimore's segregated housing and discriminatory real estate practices, he changed his mind. [1] Robinson became an enthusiastic speaker on racial issues afterward.

On June 26, 1970, Robinson hit back-to-back grand slams (in the fifth and sixth innings) in the Orioles' 12–2 victory over the Washington Senators at RFK Stadium. The same runners were on base on both home runs—Dave McNally on third, Don Buford on second and Paul Blair on first.

The Orioles won three consecutive pennants between 1969 and 1971, and won the 1970 World Series over his old Reds.

His career totals include a .294 batting average, 586 home runs, 1812 runs batted in, and 2,943 hits in 2808 games played. At his retirement, his 586 career home runs were the fourth-best in history (behind only Henry Aaron, Babe Ruth, and Willie Mays). He is second on Cincinnati's all-time home run leaders list (324) behind Johnny Bench and is the Red's all-time leader in slugging percentage (.554).[2]

Robinson finished his career with brief appearances for the Los Angeles Dodgers, California Angels and Cleveland Indians.

Managing career

Robinson managed in the winter leagues late in his playing career. By the early 1970s, he had his heart set on becoming the first black manager in the majors. In fact, the Angels traded him to the Indians midway through the 1974 season due to his open campaigning for the manager's job.

Frank Robinson's number 20 was retired by the Baltimore Orioles in 1972

In 1975, the Cleveland Indians named him player-manager, giving him distinction of being the first black manager in the Majors. [3]

His managing career would go on to include Cleveland (1975–1977), San Francisco Giants (1981–1984), Baltimore Orioles (1988–1991) and Montreal Expos / Washington Nationals (2002–2006).

He was awarded the American League Manager of the Year Award in 1989 for leading the Baltimore Orioles to an 87–75 record, a turnaround from their previous season in which they went 54–107. After spending some years in Major League Baseball as the Director of Discipline, MLB offered Robinson the chance to manage the Expos.

In 2005, the Montreal Gazette's Stephanie Myles reported that he had spent much time playing golf during his years in Montreal. He sometimes spent 16 hour days between the course and the games at night. Some journalists have questioned his lack of use of statistics to determine pitching match-ups with his hitting line-ups. Robinson defended his style of managing by saying that he goes by his "gut feeling."

• In a June 2005 Sports Illustrated poll of 450 MLB players, Robinson was selected the worst manager in baseball, along with Buck Showalter, then manager of the Texas Rangers. In the August 2006 poll, he again was voted worst manager with 17% of the vote and 37.7% of the NL East vote ^[2].
• In 2005, one of Robinson's Nationals players asked him if he had ever played in the majors. This was reported on Real Sports with Bryant Gumbel as an illustration of how little some current players are aware of the history of the game.
• On Thursday, April 20, 2006, with the Nationals winning 10–4 against the Philadelphia Phillies, Robinson got his 1,000th win, becoming the 53rd manager to reach that milestone^[3]. He had earned his 1,000th loss two seasons earlier.^[4]

• During a game against the Houston Astros on May 25, 2006, Robinson pulled the Nationals catcher, Matt LeCroy, during the middle of the 7th inning, violating an unwritten rule that managers do not remove position players in the middle of an inning. Instead, managers are supposed to discreetly switch position players in between innings. However, LeCroy, the third-string catcher, let Houston Astros baserunners steal seven bases over seven innings with two throwing errors. Although the Nationals won the game 8–5, Frank Robinson found the decision so difficult to make on a player he respected so much, he broke down crying during the post-game interviews.^[5].

On September 30, 2006, the Nationals' management declined to renew Robinson's contract for the 2007 season, though they stated he was welcome to come to spring training in an unspecified role. Robinson, who wanted either a front office job or a consultancy, declined.[4] On October 1, 2006 he managed his final game, a 6–2 loss to the Mets, and prior to the game addressed the fans at RFK Stadium [5].

Robinson's record as a manager stands as (1065–1176) [6].

Honors

In addition to his two Most Valuable Player awards (1961 and 1966) and his World Series Most Valuable Player award (1966), Robinson was honored in 1966 with the Hickok Belt as the top professional athlete of the year in any sport.

In 1982, Frank Robinson was inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame as a Baltimore Oriole. Robinson is also a charter member of the Baltimore Orioles Hall of Fame (along with Brooks Robinson), and a member of the Cincinnati Reds Hall of Fame, being inducted into both in 1978. Both the Reds and the Orioles have retired his uniform number 20.

Robinson being awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom

In 1999, he ranked Number 22 on The Sporting News list of the 100 Greatest Baseball Players, and was nominated as a finalist for the Major League Baseball All-Century Team.

In 2003, The Cincinnati Reds dedicated a bronze statue of Robinson at Great American Ball Park.

He was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom on November 9, 2005, by President George W. Bush. ^[6] On April 13, 2007 Robinson was rewarded the first Jackie Robinson Society Community Recognition Award at George Washington University^[7].

In his career, he held several Major League Records. In his rookie season, he tied Wally Berger's record for home runs by a rookie (38). [7] This record was broken by Mark McGwire. He still holds the record for home runs on opening day (8), which includes a home run in his first at bat as a player-manager. [8] Robinson won the American League Triple Crown (.316 BA, 49 HR, 122 RBI) and the 2 MVP awards, which made him the first player in baseball history to earn the title in both leagues.

Post Managerial Retirement

Robinson served as an analyst for ESPN during 2007 Spring Training ^[8]. The Nationals offered to honor Robinson during a May 20 game against his former club the Baltimore Orioles but he refused ^[9].

According to Washington Post writer Barry Svrluga, Robinson is currently working in Bud Selig's office [9].

Regular season stats

G	AB	R	H	2B	3B	HR	RBI	SB	CS	BB	SO	BA	OBP	SLG	TB
2,808	10,006	1,829	2,943	528	72	586	1,812	204	77	1,420	1,532	.294	.389	.537	5,373

Managerial Statistics

Team	Year	Regular Season				Post Season
		Won	Lost	Win %	Finish	Won	Lost	Win %	Result
CLE	1975	79	80	.497	4th in AL East	-	-	-	-
CLE	1976	81	78	.509	4th in AL East	-	-	-	-
CLE	1977	26	31	.456	5th in AL East	-	-	-	(fired)
SFG	1981	56	55	.505	4th in NL West	-	-	-	-
SFG	1982	87	75	.537	3rd in NL West	-	-	-	-
SFG	1983	79	83	.488	5th in NL West	-	-	-	-
SFG	1984	42	64	.396	6th in NL West	-	-	-	(fired)
BAL	1988	54	101	.348	7th in AL East	-	-	-	-
BAL	1989	87	75	.537	2nd in AL East	-	-	-	-
BAL	1990	76	85	.472	5th in AL East	-	-	-	-
BAL	1991	13	24	.351	6th in AL East	-	-	-	(fired)
MON	2002	83	79	.512	2nd in NL East	-	-	-	-
MON	2003	83	79	.512	4th in NL East	-	-	-	-
MON	2004	67	95	.414	5th in NL East	-	-	-	-
WSN	2005	81	81	.500	5th in NL East	-	-	-	-
WSN	2006	71	91	.438	5th in NL East	-	-	-	-
Total		1065	1176	.475		-	-	-	-

See also

• List of Major League Baseball Home Run Records
• 500 home run club
• Top 500 home run hitters of all time
• List of major league players with 2,000 hits
• List of Major League Baseball players with 400 doubles
• List of Major League Baseball players with 1000 runs
• List of Major League Baseball players with 1000 RBI
• List of Major League Baseball leaders in career stolen bases
• Batters with two grand slams in the same baseball game
• Hitting for the cycle
• Triple Crown
• List of Major League Baseball RBI champions
• List of Major League Baseball batting champions
• List of Major League Baseball home run champions
• List of Major League Baseball runs scored champions
• List of Major League Baseball doubles champions
• Major League Baseball hitters with three home runs in one game
• List of Major League Baseball managers in 2006

Bibliography

• My Life is Baseball, Doubleday, 1968. (With Al Silverman.)
• Frank: The First Year, Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1976. ISBN 0-03-014951-7. (With Dave Anderson.)
• Extra Innings, McGraw-Hill, 1988. ISBN 0-07-053183-8. (With Berry Stainback.)

References

1. ^ Great Baseball Feats, Facts and Figures, 2008 Edition, p.153, David Nemec and Scott Flatow, A Signet Book, Penguin Group, New York, NY, ISBN 978-0-451-22363-0
2. ^ SI.com - SI Players - SI Players Poll - Tuesday August 22, 2006 3:42PM
3. ^ "Johnson, Nats give Robinson 1000th win". http://www.tsn.ca/mlb/news_story/?ID=163359&hubname=. 
4. ^ "Frank Robinson". http://www.baseball-reference.com/managers/robinfr02.shtml. 
5. ^ Mark Zuckerman (2006-05-26). "Robinson tearful after win". The Washington Times. http://www.washtimes.com/sports/20060526-123213-4598r.htm. Retrieved 2006-05-29. 
6. ^ "2005 Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients". http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2005/11/20051109-10.htm. 
7. ^ Fredericksburg.com - Frank Robinson in town for honor
8. ^ ESPN Hires Frank Robinson As an Analyst - washingtonpost.com
9. ^ Robinson Declines Celebration in His Honor - washingtonpost.com

External links

• Baltimore Sun Gallery and archive – Frank Robinson
• Baseball Hall of Fame – Member biography
• Baseball-Reference.com - career playing statistics and managing record

Championship succession boxes

Awards and achievements Preceded by Mickey Mantle American League Triple Crown 1966 Succeeded by Carl Yastrzemski Preceded by Tony Oliva American League Batting Champion 1966 Succeeded by Carl Yastrzemski Preceded by Tony Conigliaro American League Home Run Champion 1966 Succeeded by Harmon Killebrew & Carl Yastrzemski Preceded by Rocky Colavito American League RBI Champion 1966 Succeeded by Carl Yastrzemski Preceded by Jim Northrup Two Grand Slams in a game June 26, 1970 Succeeded by Robin Ventura

Award succession boxes

Awards and achievements Preceded by Bill Virdon National League Rookie of the Year 1956 Succeeded by Jack Sanford Preceded by Dick Groat National League Most Valuable Player 1961 Succeeded by Maury Wills Preceded by Zoilo Versalles American League Most Valuable Player 1966 Succeeded by Carl Yastrzemski Preceded by Carl Yastrzemski Major League Baseball All-Star Game Most Valuable Player 1971 Succeeded by Joe Morgan Preceded by Sandy Koufax World Series MVP 1966 Succeeded by Bob Gibson Preceded by Sandy Koufax Babe Ruth Award 1966 Succeeded by Lou Brock Preceded by George Altman Ron Santo Major League Player of the Month July 1961 August 1964 Succeeded by Warren Spahn Bob Gibson Preceded by Sandy Koufax Associated Press Male Athlete of the Year 1966 Succeeded by Carl Yastrzemski Preceded by Sandy Koufax Hickok Belt Winner 1966 Succeeded by Carl Yastrzemski

Manager succession boxes

Awards and achievements Preceded by Tony La Russa American League Manager of the Year 1989 Succeeded by Jeff Torborg Sporting positions Preceded by Ken Aspromonte Cleveland Indians Manager 1975-1977 Succeeded by Jeff Torborg Preceded by Jim Frey Baltimore Orioles Hitting Coach 1978-1980 Succeeded by Ralph Rowe Preceded by Jim Frey Baltimore Orioles First Base Coach 1980 Succeeded by Jimmy Williams Preceded by Dave Bristol San Francisco Giants Manager 1981–1984 Succeeded by Danny Ozark Preceded by vacant Baltimore Orioles Bench Coach 1985-1987 Succeeded by vacant Preceded by Cal Ripken, Sr. Baltimore Orioles Manager 1988-1991 Succeeded by Johnny Oates Preceded by Jeff Torborg Montreal Expos Manager 2002-2004 Succeeded by Last Manager Preceded by First Manager Washington Nationals Manager 2005-2006 Succeeded by Manny Acta

Links to related articles v • d • e Baltimore Orioles 1966 World Series Champions 2 Bob Johnson | 3 Curt Blefary | 5 Brooks Robinson | 6 Paul Blair | 8 Andy Etchebarren | 9 Russ Snyder | 11 Luis Aparicio | 15 Davey Johnson | 16 Sam Bowens | 17 John Miller | 19 Dave McNally | 20 Frank Robinson (World Series MVP) | 22 Jim Palmer | 23 Vic Roznovsky | 24 Frank Bertaina | 25 Moe Drabowsky | 26 Boog Powell | 27 Wally Bunker | 28 Eddie Fisher | 29 Dick Hall Manager 42 Hank Bauer Coaches: 14 Gene Woodling | 31 Harry Brecheen | 41 Sherm Lollar | 55 Billy Hunter Regular season v • d • e Baltimore Orioles 1970 World Series Champions 5 Brooks Robinson (World Series MVP) | 6 Paul Blair | 7 Mark Belanger | 8 Andy Etchebarren | 9 Don Buford | 10 Elrod Hendricks | 14 Merv Rettenmund | 15 Davey Johnson | 16 Bobby Grich | 19 Dave McNally | 20 Frank Robinson | 22 Jim Palmer | 24 Pete Richert | 25 Moe Drabowsky | 26 Boog Powell | 29 Dick Hall | 30 Chico Salmon | 31 Curt Motton | 32 Marcelino López | 35 Mike Cuellar | 36 Tom Phoebus | 37 Terry Crowley | 39 Eddie Watt | 40 Dave Leonhard | 44 Jim Hardin Manager 4 Earl Weaver Coaches: 31 George Bamberger | 41 Jim Frey | 48 George Staller | 55 Billy Hunter Regular season • American League Championship Series v • d • e National League MVP Award 1931: Frisch | 1932: Klein | 1933: Hubbell | 1934: Dean | 1935: Hartnett | 1936: Hubbell | 1937: Medwick | 1938: Lombardi | 1939: Walters | 1940: McCormick | 1941: Camilli | 1942: Cooper | 1943: Musial | 1944: Marion | 1945: Cavarretta | 1946: Musial | 1947: Elliott | 1948: Musial | 1949: J. Robinson | 1950: Konstanty | 1951: Campanella | 1952: Sauer | 1953: Campanella | 1954: Mays | 1955: Campanella | 1956: Newcombe | 1957: Aaron | 1958: Banks | 1959: Banks | 1960: Groat | 1961: F. Robinson | 1962: Wills | 1963: Koufax | 1964: Boyer | 1965: Mays | 1966: Clemente | 1967: Cepeda | 1968: B. Gibson | 1969: McCovey | 1970: Bench | 1971: Torre | 1972: Bench | 1973: Rose | 1974: Garvey | 1975: Morgan | 1976: Morgan | 1977: Foster | 1978: Parker | 1979: Hernandez & Stargell | 1980: Schmidt | 1981: Schmidt | 1982: Murphy | 1983: Murphy | 1984: Sandberg | 1985: McGee | 1986: Schmidt | 1987: Dawson | 1988: K. Gibson | 1989: Mitchell | 1990: Bonds | 1991: Pendleton | 1992: Bonds | 1993: Bonds | 1994: Bagwell | 1995: Larkin | 1996: Caminiti | 1997: Walker | 1998: Sosa | 1999: Jones | 2000: Kent | 2001: Bonds | 2002: Bonds | 2003: Bonds | 2004: Bonds | 2005: Pujols | 2006: Howard | 2007: Rollins | 2008: Pujols v • d • e National League Rookie of the Year Award 1947: J. Robinson | 1948: Dark | 1949: Newcombe | 1950: Jethroe | 1951: Mays | 1952: Black | 1953: Gilliam | 1954: Moon | 1955: Virdon | 1956: F. Robinson | 1957: Sanford | 1958: Cepeda | 1959: McCovey | 1960: F. Howard | 1961: B. Williams | 1962: Hubbs | 1963: Rose | 1964: Allen | 1965: Lefebvre | 1966: Helms | 1967: Seaver | 1968: Bench | 1969: Sizemore | 1970: Morton | 1971: E. Williams | 1972: Matlack | 1973: Matthews | 1974: McBride | 1975: Montefusco | 1976: Metzger / Zachry | 1977: Dawson | 1978: Horner | 1979: Sutcliffe | 1980: Howe | 1981: Valenzuela | 1982: Sax | 1983: Strawberry | 1984: Gooden | 1985: Coleman | 1986: Worrell | 1987: Santiago | 1988: Sabo | 1989: Walton | 1990: Justice | 1991: Bagwell | 1992: Karros | 1993: Piazza | 1994: Mondesi | 1995: Nomo | 1996: Hollandsworth | 1997: Rolen | 1998: Wood | 1999: Williamson | 2000: Furcal | 2001: Pujols | 2002: Jennings | 2003: Willis | 2004: Bay | 2005: R. Howard | 2006: Ramírez | 2007: Braun | 2008: Soto v • d • e World Series MVP Award 1950s 1955: Podres | 1956: Larsen | 1957: Burdette | 1958: Turley | 1959: Sherry 1960s 1960: Richardson | 1961: Ford | 1962: Terry | 1963: Koufax | 1964: Gibson | 1965: Koufax | 1966: F. Robinson | 1967: Gibson | 1968: Lolich | 1969: Clendenon 1970s 1970: B. Robinson | 1971: Clemente | 1972: Tenace | 1973: Jackson | 1974: Fingers | 1975: Rose | 1976: Bench | 1977: Jackson | 1978: Dent | 1979: Stargell 1980s 1980: Schmidt | 1981: Yeager, Guerrero, & Cey | 1982: Porter | 1983: Dempsey | 1984: Trammell | 1985: Saberhagen | 1986: Knight | 1987: Viola | 1988: Hershiser | 1989: Stewart 1990s 1990: Rijo | 1991: Morris | 1992: Borders | 1993: Molitor | 1994: No Series | 1995: Glavine | 1996: Wetteland | 1997: Hernandez | 1998: Brosius | 1999: Rivera 2000s 2000: Jeter | 2001: Johnson & Schilling | 2002: Glaus | 2003: Beckett | 2004: Ramirez | 2005: Dye | 2006: Eckstein | 2007: Lowell | 2008: Hamels | 2009: Matsui v • d • e Major League Baseball All-Star Game MVP Award 1962: Wills | 1962: Wagner | 1963: Mays | 1964: Callison | 1965: Marichal | 1966: B. Robinson | 1967: Pérez | 1968: Mays | 1969: McCovey | 1970: Yastrzemski | 1971: F. Robinson | 1972: Morgan | 1973: Bonds | 1974: Garvey | 1975: Madlock & Matlack | 1976: Foster | 1977: Sutton | 1978: Garvey | 1979: Parker | 1980: Griffey, Sr. | 1981: Carter | 1982: Concepción | 1983: Lynn | 1984: Carter | 1985: Hoyt | 1986: Clemens | 1987: Raines | 1988: Steinbach | 1989: Jackson | 1990: Franco | 1991: Ripken Jr. | 1992: Griffey, Jr. | 1993: Puckett | 1994: McGriff | 1995: Conine | 1996: Piazza | 1997: Alomar, Jr. | 1998: Alomar | 1999: Martinez | 2000: Jeter | 2001: Ripken, Jr. | 2003: Anderson | 2004: Soriano | 2005: Tejada | 2006: Young | 2007: Ichiro | 2008: Drew | 2009: Crawford v • d • e Babe Ruth Award 1949: Page | 1950: Coleman | 1951: Rizzuto | 1952: Mize | 1953: Martin | 1954: Rhodes | 1955: Podres | 1956: Larsen | 1957: Burdette | 1958: Howard | 1959: Sherry | 1960: Mazeroski | 1961: Ford | 1962: Terry | 1963: Koufax | 1964: Gibson | 1965: Koufax | 1966: F. Robinson | 1967: Brock | 1968: Lolich | 1969: Weis | 1970: B. Robinson | 1971: Clemente | 1972: Tenace | 1973: Campaneris | 1974: Green | 1975: Tiant | 1976: Bench | 1977: Jackson | 1978: Dent | 1979: Stargell | 1980: McGraw | 1981: Cey | 1982: Sutter | 1983: Dempsey | 1984: Morris | 1985: Saberhagen | 1986: Knight | 1987: Viola | 1988: Hershiser | 1989: Stewart | 1990: Hatcher | 1991: Morris | 1992: Winfield | 1993: Molitor | 1994: No Game | 1995: Glavine | 1996: Fielder | 1997: Alou | 1998: Brosius | 1999: Rivera | 2000: Jeter | 2001: Johnson & Schilling | 2002: Glaus | 2003: Beckett | 2004: Foulke | 2005: Dye | 2006: Eckstein | 2007: Papelbon | 2008: Hamels v • d • e National League Outfielder Gold Glove Award 1958: Aaron, Mays, Robinson | 1959: Aaron, Brandt, Mays | 1960: Aaron, Mays, Moon | 1961: Clemente, Mays, Pinson | 1962: Clemente, Mays, Virdon | 1963: Clemente, Flood, Mays | 1964: Clemente, Flood, Mays | 1965: Clemente, Flood, Mays | 1966: Clemente, Flood, Mays | 1967: Clemente, Flood, Mays | 1968: Clemente, Flood, Mays | 1969: Clemente, Flood, Rose | 1970: Agee, Clemente, Rose | 1971: Bo. Bonds, Clemente, W. Davis | 1972: Cedeño, Clemente, W. Davis | 1973: Bo. Bonds, Cedeño, W. Davis | 1974: Bo. Bonds, Cedeño, Gerónimo | 1975: Cedeño, Gerónimo, Maddox | 1976: Cedeño, Gerónimo, Maddox | 1977: Gerónimo, Maddox, Parker | 1978: Maddox, Parker, Valentine | 1979: Maddox, Parker, Winfield | 1980: Dawson, Maddox, Winfield | 1981: Baker, Dawson, Maddox | 1982: Dawson, Maddox, Murphy | 1983: Dawson, McGee, Murphy | 1984: Dawson, Dernier, Murphy | 1985: Dawson, McGee, Murphy | 1986: Gwynn, McGee, Murphy | 1987: E. Davis, Dawson, Gwynn | 1988: E. Davis, Dawson, Van Slyke | 1989: E. Davis, Gwynn, Van Slyke | 1990: Ba. Bonds, Gwynn, Van Slyke | 1991: Ba. Bonds, Gwynn, Van Slyke | 1992: Ba. Bonds, Van Slyke, Walker | 1993: Ba. Bonds, Grissom, Walker | 1994: Ba. Bonds, Grissom, Lewis | 1995: Finley, Grissom, Mondesí | 1996: Ba. Bonds, Finley, Grissom | 1997: Ba. Bonds, Mondesí, Walker | 1998: Ba. Bonds, Jones, Walker | 1999: Finley, Jones, Walker | 2000: Edmonds, Finley, Jones | 2001: Edmonds, Jones, Walker | 2002: Edmonds, Jones, Walker | 2003: Cruz, Edmonds, Jones | 2004: Edmonds, Finley, Jones | 2005: Abreu, Edmonds, Jones | 2006: Beltrán, Cameron, Jones | 2007: Beltrán, Jones, Francoeur/Rowand | 2008: Beltrán, McLouth, Victorino v • d • e 500 home run club Barry Bonds · Hank Aaron · Babe Ruth · Willie Mays · Ken Griffey, Jr. · Sammy Sosa · Frank Robinson · Mark McGwire · Alex Rodriguez · Harmon Killebrew · Rafael Palmeiro · Jim Thome · Reggie Jackson · Mike Schmidt · Manny Ramirez · Mickey Mantle · Jimmie Foxx · Willie McCovey · Frank Thomas · Ted Williams · Ernie Banks · Eddie Mathews · Mel Ott · Gary Sheffield · Eddie Murray Italics denotes active player v • d • e Cincinnati Reds retired numbers #1 Fred Hutchinson • #5 Johnny Bench • #8 Joe Morgan • #10 Sparky Anderson • #13 Dave Concepción • #18 Ted Kluszewski • #20 Frank Robinson • #24 Tony Pérez v • d • e Baltimore Orioles retired numbers #4 Earl Weaver • #5 Brooks Robinson • #8 Cal Ripken, Jr. • #20 Frank Robinson • #22 Jim Palmer • #33 Eddie Murray v • d • e Baseball Hall of Fame Class of 1982 BBWAA Vote Hank Aaron (97.83%) • Frank Robinson (89.16%) Veterans Committee Happy Chandler • Travis Jackson J. G. Taylor Spink Award Allen Lewis • Bob Addie Ford C. Frick Award Vin Scully v • d • e Outfielders in the National Baseball Hall of Fame Aaron • Ashburn • Averill • Bell • Brock • Brown • Burkett • Carey • Charleston • Clarke • Clemente • Cobb • Combs • Crawford • Cuyler • Delahanty • DiMaggio • Doby • Duffy • Flick • Goslin • Gwynn • Hafey • Hamilton • Heilmann • Henderson • Hill • Hooper • Irvin • Jackson • Kaline • Keeler • Kelley • Kelly • Kiner • Klein • Mantle • Manush • Mays • McCarthy • Medwick • Musial • O'Rourke • Ott • Puckett • J. Rice • S. Rice • Robinson • Roush • Ruth • Simmons • Slaughter • Snider • Speaker • Stargell • Stearnes • Thompson • Torriente • L. Waner • P. Waner • Wheat • B. Williams • T. Williams • Wilson • Winfield • Yastrzemski • Youngs v • d • e American League Manager of the Year Award 1983: La Russa | 1984: Anderson | 1985: Cox | 1986: McNamara | 1987: Anderson | 1988: La Russa | 1989: Robinson | 1990: Torborg | 1991: Kelly | 1992: La Russa | 1993: Lamont | 1994: Showalter | 1995: Piniella | 1996: Torre & Oates | 1997: Johnson | 1998: Torre | 1999: Williams | 2000: Manuel | 2001: Piniella | 2002: Scioscia | 2003: Peña | 2004: Showalter | 2005: Guillén | 2006: Leyland | 2007: Wedge | 2008: Maddon v • d • e Cleveland Indians managers Cleveland Blues (1901) McAleer Cleveland Bronchos (1902–1904) Armour Cleveland Naps (1905–1914) Lajoie • McGuire • Stovall • Davis • Birmingham Cleveland Indians (1915–present) Birmingham • Fohl • Speaker • McCallister • Peckinpaugh • Johnson • O'Neill • Vitt • Boudreau • Lopez • Farrell • Bragan • Gordon • Dykes • McGaha • Tebbetts • Strickland • Adcock • Dark • Lipon • Aspromonte • Robinson • Torborg • Garcia • Ferraro • Corrales • Edwards • Hart • McNamara • Hargrove • Manuel • Skinner • Wedge • Acta v • d • e New York/San Francisco Giants managers New York Gothams (1883–1885) Clapp • Price • Ward New York Giants (1885–1957) Mutrie • Powers • Ward • Davis • Doyle • Watkins • Irwin • Joyce • Anson • Day • Hoey • Ewing • Davis • Fogel • Smith • McGraw • Terry • Ott • Durocher • Rigney San Francisco Giants (1958–present) Rigney • Sheehan • Dark • Franks • King • Fox • Westrum • Rigney • Altobelli • Bristol • Robinson • Ozark • Davenport • Craig • Baker • Alou • Bochy v • d • e Baltimore Orioles managers Milwaukee Brewers (1901) Duffy St. Louis Browns (1902–1953) McAleer • O'Connor • Wallace • Stovall • Austin • Rickey • Jones • Austin • Burke • Fohl • Austin • Sisler • Howley • Killefer • Sothoron • Hornsby • Bottomley • Haney • Sewell • Taylor • Ruel • Taylor • Hornsby • Marion Baltimore Orioles (1954–present) Dykes • Richards • Harris • Hitchcock • Bauer • Weaver • Altobelli • Weaver • Ripken • Robinson • Oates • Regan • Johnson • Miller • Hargrove • Mazzilli • Perlozzo • Trembley v • d • e Montreal Expos/Washington Nationals managers Montreal Expos (1969-2004) Mauch • Kuehl • Fox • Williams • Fanning • Virdon • Fanning • Rodgers • Runnells • Alou • Torborg • Robinson Washington Nationals (2005-present) Robinson • Acta • Riggleman

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