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- In optics, the Fraunhofer diffraction equation is used to model the diffraction of waves when the diffraction pattern is viewed at a long distance from the diffracting object, and also when it is viewed at the focal plane of an imaging lens.
- In contrast, the diffraction pattern created near the object, in the near field region, is given by the Fresnel diffraction equation.
- The equation was named in honor of Joseph von Fraunhofer although he was not actually involved in the development of the theory.
- When the distance between the aperture and the plane in which the pattern is observed is large enough that the difference in phase between the light from the extremes of the aperture is much less than the wavelength, then individual contributions can be treated as though they are parallel. This is often known as the far field and is defined as being located at a distance which is significantly greater than W2/λ, where λ is the wavelength and W is the largest dimension in the aperture. The Fraunhofer equation can be used to model the diffraction in this case.
- Refer to links below for more information
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