Géza II of Hungary

Géza II of Hungary
King of Hungary[1][2]
King of Hungary[1]
Reign	13 February 1141– 31 May 1162
Coronation	16 February 1141
Predecessor	Béla II
Successor	Stephen III
Regent	The Dowager Queen
Spouse	Euphrosyne of Kiev
Issue
Stephen III Béla III Elisabeth, Duchess of Bohemia Duke Géza Odola, Duchess Sviatopluk of Bohemia Helena, Duchess of Austria Margaret
Father	Béla II of Hungary
Mother	Helena of Raška
Born	1130
Died	31 May 1162[aged 31-32]
Burial	Székesfehérvár

Géza II (Hungarian: II. Géza, Slovak: Gejza II, Croatian: Gejza II), (1130, Tolna – 31 May 1162), King of Hungary(1141–1162).^[1][2][3] He ascended the throne as a child and during his minority the kingdom was governed by his mother. He was one of the most powerful monarchs of Hungary, who could intervene successfully in the internal affairs of the neighbouring countries.

Early years

Géza was the eldest son of King Béla II of Hungary and his wife, Helena of Raška. He was only a baby when his mother introduced him and his brother Ladislaus to the barons assembled in Arad in order to persuade them to massacre her husband's opponents.

He was crowned three days after his father's death on 13 February 1141. As he was still a minor, his mother served as regent of the kingdom helped by her brother, Beloš. She faced challenges from Boris, the son of King Coloman's adulterous queen, who disputed Géza's claim to the throne.

In April 1146, Boris managed to occupy the fortress of Pozsony. Although the Hungarian troops would reoccupy the fortress, but Henry II, Duke of Austria, intervened in the struggles on behalf of the pretender. Géza personally led his armies against the Austrian troops and defeated them on 11 September.

King of Hungary

As an adult, Géza had a reputation as a well-respected king, whose nobles did not dare to scheme against him. The power and valor of his army was also commented upon, and Géza did not hesitate to involve himself in politics.

In 1146, Géza married Euphrosyne, sister of Grand Prince Iziaslav II of Kiev.

In June 1147, the Crusader Army of King Conrad III of Germany passed through Hungary without major conflicts, then King Louis VII of France arrived in the country, followed by the pretender Boris, who had secretly joined the French Crusaders. Although King Louis VII refused to extradite the pretender to Géza, he did promise to take him abroad under close custody.

In 1148, Géza sent troops to his brother-in-law Iziaslav II against Prince Vladimir of Chernihiv. In 1149, he assisted his maternal uncle, Duke Uroš II of Raška against the Byzantine Empire. In 1150, Géza sent new troops to Iziaslav, who had been struggling against Prince Yuri I of Suzdal, but his brother-in-law was not able to maintain his rule in Kiev. In the same year, the Serbian and Hungarian armies were defeated by the Byzantine troops, therefore Duke Uroš II had to accept the Byzantine rule over Raška.

In the autumn of 1150, Géza lead his armies against Prince Vladimirko of Halicz (son-in-law of the late King Coloman), but the prince managed to persuade Géza's advisors to convince their king to give up the campaign. It can be found in a Ruthenian chronicle Hypatian Codex, where at the date of 1150 one can read: The Hungarian King Géza II crossed the mountains and seized the stronghold of Sanok with its governor as well as many villages in Przemyśl area. In 1152, Géza and Iziaslav II went together against Halych, and they defeated Volodymyrko's armies at the San River. Géza had to return to his kingdom because, during his campaign, Boris attacked the southern territories of Hungary supported by Byzantine troops. However, Géza would defeat the pretender and made a truce with the Byzantine Empire.

In 1154, he supported the rebellion of Andronikos Komnenos against Emperor Manuel I and laid siege to Barancs, but the emperor had overcome his cousin's conspiracy and liberated the fortress.

In 1157, his younger brother, Stephen conspired against him supported by their uncle, Beloš. Although Géza would overcome their conspiracy, Stephen fled to the court of Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor. Géza sent his envoys to the emperor and promised to assist him with troops against Milan. Therefore Frederick I refused any support from Stephen who then fled to Constantinople. Stephen was followed, in 1159, by their brother, Ladislaus, who also had conspired against Géza.

In 1161, inspired by the new Archbishop of Esztergom, Lukács, Géza not only acknowledged the legitimacy of Pope Alexander III instead of Antipope Victor IV, who had been supported by Emperor Frederick I, but he also renounced the right of investiture.

He was buried in Székesfehérvár.

Marriage and children

# 1146: Euphrosyne of Kiev (c. 1130 – c. 1193), daughter of Grand Prince Mstislav I of Kiev and his second wife, Liubava Dmitrievna

• King Stephen III of Hungary (1147 – 4 March 1172).
• King Béla III of Hungary (1148 – 23 April 1196).
• Elisabeth (c. 1149 – after 1189), wife of Duke Frederick of Bohemia.
• Duke Géza (c. 1150 – before 1210).
• Arpad, died young.
• Odola (1156 – 1199), wife of Duke Sviatopluk of Bohemia.
• Helena (c. 1158 – 25 May 1199), wife of Duke Leopold V of Austria.
• Margaret (Margit) (1162 – ?), born posthumously; wife firstly of Isaac Macrodukas and secondly of András, Obergespan of Somogy.

Ancestors

Titles

King of Hungary, Dalmatia, Croatia and Rama

Sources

• Engel, Pat. Realm of St. Stephen : A History of Medieval Hungary, 2001
• Kristó Gyula - Makk Ferenc: Az Árpád-ház uralkodói (IPC Könyvek, 1996)
• Korai Magyar Történeti Lexikon (9–14. század), főszerkesztő: Kristó Gyula, szerkesztők: Engel Pál és Makk Ferenc (Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, 1994)
• Magyarország Történeti Kronológiája I. – A kezdetektől 1526-ig, főszerkesztő: Benda Kálmán (Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, 1981)

References