Gaston Lachaise

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(b Paris, 19 March 1882; d New York, 18 Oct 1935). American sculptor of French birth. He was the fourth child of Jean and Marie Barre Lachaise. His father, a cabinetmaker, encouraged his son's artistic abilities, and in 1895 Lachaise entered the Ecole Bernard Palissy; in 1898 he continued his studies at the Acad?mie Nationale des Beaux-Arts. Exceptionally talented, Lachaise exhibited in the Paris Salons of 1899, 1901, 1902 and 1904, despite his young age.

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Gaston Lachaise (1882-1935), a French-born American sculptor, is best known for his robust and sensual nudes, whose elegance of gesture and suavity of finish give them sophistication and élan.

Gaston Lachaise was born in Paris on March 19, 1882. His father, a maker of fine furniture, recognized Gaston's gifts and sent him to the École Bernard Palissy in 1895 to study arts and crafts. He then studied at the école des Beaux-Arts until 1905. Lachaise fell in love with an American art student who eventually became his wife. To earn money, he worked for a designer of Art Nouveau glass, René Lalique.

In 1906 Lachaise arrived in Boston and became an assistant to the academic sculptor Henry Kitson. On his own Lachaise did pieces which were freely modeled in the manner of Auguste Rodin. In 1912 Lachaise moved to New York City, where he worked as an assistant for 7 years to Paul Manship, whose sleek, mannered sculptures may have had some influence on him. Lachaise had a sculpture in the celebrated Armory Show of 1913 and received his first oneman show in 1918. About this time his style matured. His nudes bear some affinity to those of Aristide Maillol but are far more mannered. They tend to have very full breasts and ample thighs and hips, but these are countered by wasp waists, small compact heads, and arms and legs which taper to become unnaturally slender. Lachaise's bronze Standing Woman (1912-1927) is svelte, ample, assured, yet seemingly airborne.

In the 1920s and 1930s Lachaise accepted a number of commissions for garden sculptures. His fauns, dolphins, sea gulls, and the like were much admired, but his grotesquely lush earth goddesses and fiercely intertwining couples are so forward and extravagantly erotic that they offended many. Lachaise also did several portrait busts, executed in a craggy impressionistic manner. His excursions into monumental, large-scale projects were few. In 1931 he executed reliefs for the RCA Building in Rockefeller Center, New York City.

In 1935 Lachaise was given a comprehensive retrospective exhibition at the Museum of Modern Art, New York City. Though a recognized sculptor, he could not afford to have several of his pieces cast in bronze for this exhibition. At that time conservative critics and much of the general public rejected his art again as too coarse and as bordering on the obscene. Lachaise died on October 19, 1935, in New York City.

The 1964 show at the Whitney Museum of American Art, New York City, brought a fresh evaluation of Lachaise. Critics, now more knowledgable about 20th-century art, found him conservative and limited, too obsessed with sexual themes, and not concerned with matters of space.

Further Reading

Two older works on Lachaise, not easily obtainable, are Albert E.Gallatin, Gaston Lachaise (1924), an assessment of Lachaise in mid-career, and the Museum of Modern Art, Gaston Lachaise: Retrospective Exhibition (1935), with an essay by Lincoln Kirstein. Hilton Kramer and others, The Sculpture of Gaston Lachaise (1967), is well illustrated and critically astute. Highly recommended is G. Nordland, Gaston Lachaise, 1882-1935: Sculpture and Drawings (1964), the exhibition catalog of a show given at the Whitney Museum of American Art and the Los Angeles County Museum of Art.

Additional Sources

Nordland, Gerald, Gaston Lachaise: the man and his work, New York: G. Braziller, 1974.

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Gaston Lachaise photographed by Carl Van Vechten, 1934

Floating Figure by Gaston Lachaise (1927), bronze, no. 5 from an edition of 7, Purchased 1978 by the National Gallery of Australia

Standing Woman at UCLA, 1932

'Georgia O'Keeffe', marble sculpture by Gaston Lachaise, 1927, Metropolitan Museum of Art

Gaston Lachaise (1882-1935) was a French-American sculptor, active in the early 20th century. A native of Paris he was most noted for his female nudes such as Standing Woman.

Biography

Gaston Lachaise born March 19, 1882, Paris, France died October 18, 1935, New York, New York, U.S.

French-born American sculptor known for his massively proportioned female nudes. Lachaise was the son of a cabinetmaker. At age 13 he entered a craft school, where he was trained in the decorative arts, and from 1898 to 1904 he studied sculpture at the École des Beaux-Arts under Gabriel-Jules Thomas. He began his artistic career as a designer of Art Nouveau decorative objects for the French jeweler René Lalique.

Having fallen in love with an American woman, Lachaise immigrated to the United States in 1906 and worked in Boston for H. H. Kitson, an academic sculptor of military monuments. In 1912 Lachaise went to New York City and worked as an assistant to the sculptor Paul Manship. Like Manship his work can be seen at Rockefeller Center.

Lachaise's most famous work, Standing Woman (1932), typifies the image that Lachaise worked and reworked: a voluptuous female nude with sinuous, tapered limbs. Lachaise was also known as a brilliant portraitist. He executed busts of famous artists and literary celebrities, such as John Marin, Marianne Moore, and E. E. Cummings. In 1935 the Museum of Modern Art in New York City held a retrospective exhibition of Lachaise's work, the first at that institution for any American sculptor.

The Addison Gallery of American Art (Andover, Massachusetts), the Art Gallery of the University of Rochester (New York), the Brooklyn Museum of Art (New York City), the Cleveland Museum of Art, the Currier Museum of Art (New Hampshire), the Detroit Institute of Arts, the Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, Harvard University Art Museums, the Honolulu Academy of Arts, Indiana University Art Museum, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, the Museum of Modern Art (New York City), the Nasher Sculpture Center (Dallas, Texas), the National Portrait Gallery (Washington D.C.), the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, the Phillips Collection (Washington D.C.), Sheldon Museum of Art (Lincoln, Nebraska), the Smart Museum of Art (University of Chicago), the Smithsonian American Art Museum (Washington D.C.) and the Walker Art Center (Minnesota) are among the public collections holding works by Gaston Lachaise.

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