George L. Street III

(b Woodford, Essex, 20 June 1824; d London, 18 Dec 1881). English architect. Widely regarded as the greatest British architect of his time, he played a crucial role in the development of the GOTHIC REVIVAL between A. W. N. Pugin in the 1840s and its High Victorian climax. Street brought earnest conviction and great self-confidence to his work and won admiration even when his ideals were no longer considered fashionable. His concern for detail was prodigious: the Fellows of Magdalen College, Oxford, for example, were assured in 1879 that if they accepted his design for new buildings, 'every detail, even the smallest, would, as his custom is, be drawn by him', although this meant that his assistants and pupils had no opportunity to make independent designs. Through his many articles, books on Italian and Spanish architecture and lectures at the Royal Academy, Street wielded enormous influence and his buildings were greatly admired.

See the Abbreviations for further details.

English Gothic Revival architect. A pupil (1841–4) of Owen Browne Carter (1806–59), of Winchester, Hants., he later worked in ‘Great’ Scott's office in the 1840s with Bodley and William White. His first buildings included churches in Cornwall (e.g. St Mary's, Par (1847) ) and a vicarage in Wantage, Berks. (1847–50). Almost from the beginning his work was robust, assured, and satisfying, and he played an important role in the evolution of muscular Gothic, turning back to a primitive First Pointed style derived from exemplars in Burgundy, not uninfluenced by Viollet-le-Duc. In 1849 he established his own office and became Architect to the Diocese of Oxford (1852), where he designed some of his best work (the Theological College, Cuddesdon (1852–75), Sts Simon and Jude, Milton-under-Wychwood (from 1854), St Mary, Wheatley (1855–68), St Peter, Filkins (1855–7), all in Oxon., and Sts Philip and James, Oxford (1858–66). In the last building the Gothic Revival moved emphatically away from English roots to early French exemplars. He was assisted for a brief period by William Morris (1855–6) and Philip Webb (1852–9), and, having built up a national reputation, moved his practice to London in 1856.

Street made several journeys to the Continent, publishing some of his observations on medieval architecture in The Ecclesiologist (1850–3), and bringing out his important and influential Brick and Marble Architecture in the Middle Ages: Notes on Tours in the North of Italy (1855 and 1874) which argued for a rational approach to design, and drew attention to the wide range of Continental precedent available to architects. His best works thereafter included All Saints', Boyne Hill, Maidenhead, Berks. (1854–65), St Peter's, Bournemouth, Hants. (now Dorset) (1854–79), St James-the-Less, Westminster (1859–61—with a powerful brick polychrome interior and plate-tracery), St John the Evangelist, Torquay, Devon (1861–5—First Pointed), St Mary Magdalene, Paddington, London (1867–73—again First Pointed, with structural polychromy in the tower), the Crimean Memorial Church, Istanbul, Turkey (1863–8), St Paul's, Rome (1872–6—First Pointed Italian Gothic), and All Saints', also in Rome (1880–1937—completed by Arthur Edmund Street (1855–1938) ). Both Roman churches employed the striped effects Street admired in his Brick and Marble. If Sts Philip and James, Oxford, had demonstrated Street's interest in French First Pointed Gothic of the Burgundian type, his magisterial and cleverly planned Royal Courts of Justice, The Strand, London (1866–81), was an accomplished synthesis of Burgundian French, English, and Italian Gothic, one of the last great monuments of the Gothic Revival containing the grandest secular room of the style, the Great Hall. Interventions were sometimes draconian (e.g. Christ Church Cathedral, Dublin (1871–8—which he completely transformed) ), sometimes highly creative and scholarly (e.g. Bristol Cathedral (1867–88—where he built a new nave and the two western towers) ), and sometimes more self-effacing (e.g. Carlisle Cathedral) ). He also carried out major works at Kildare Cathedral, and was involved at York Minster.

His many publications include not only Brick and Marble referred to above, but an important essay on the ‘proper characteristics’ of a town church (1850—which set the scene for those ‘citadels of faith’ by Brooks and others), a paper in the Ecclesiologist on the true principles of architecture and its development (1852), An Urgent Plea for the Revival of True Principles of Architecture in the Public Buildings of the University of Oxford (1853), an essay (in The Ecclesiologist) on the revival of the ‘Ancient Style of Domestic Architecture’ (1853—which was a milestone in the vernacular and Domestic Revivals), and Some Account of Gothic Architecture in Spain (1865).

Bibliography

• AH, xxiii (1980), 86–94
• D. B. Brownlee (1984)
• B. Clarke (1966, 1969)
• J. Curl (2002b)
• Ecclesiologist, xi (1850), 227–33, xiii (1852), 247–62, and xiv (1853), 70–80
• E&P (1998)
• Martley & Urbin (eds.) (1867)
• Meeks (1966)
• Placzek (ed.) (1982)
• RIBA Journal (Journal of the Royal Institute of British Architects), ser. 3, lxxvii/1 (Jan. 1970), 11–18
• Stalley (2000)
• A. Street (1972)
• G. Street (1855, 1867, 1874, 1969)
• Summerson (1970)
• Jane Turner (1996)

The full bibliography for this book is available to download as a pdf file.
Download the bibliography for A Dictionary of Architecture and Landscape Architecture (PDF: 1.2MB)

George Levick Street, III
July 27, 1913(1913-07-27) – February 26, 2000 (aged 86)
Place of birth	Richmond, Virginia
Place of burial	Arlington National Cemetery
Allegiance	United States of America
Service/branch	United States Navy
Years of service	1931–1966
Rank	Captain
Commands held	USS Tirante (SS-420)
Battles/wars	World War II
Awards	Medal of Honor Navy Cross Silver Star

George Levick Street, III (July 27, 1913 – February 26, 2000) was a submariner in the United States Navy. He received the Medal of Honor during World War II.

Street was born in Richmond, Virginia. He joined the Naval Reserve in 1931 and was selected for an appointment to the U.S. Naval Academy in 1933; he graduated in 1937.

After serving in the USS Concord and USS Arkansas he volunteered for the Submarine School at New London, Connecticut.

Contents 1 World War II 2 Post-war 3 See also 4 References

World War II

After graduating, Street served three years in USS Gar, from her commissioning on April 14, 1941 until February 27, 1944. Street served in this fleet submarine, first as Gunnery and Torpedo Officer, then as First Lieutenant and Torpedo Data Computer Operator and finally as Executive Officer and Navigator. While serving in Gar, he made nine war patrols. Street received Silver Stars for his "conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity in action" on Gar's first and tenth patrols.

On July 6, 1944, LCDR Street reported to the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard to fit out the USS Tirante, his first command. Commissioning the ship in November, the captain took his new boat for shakedown training in Long Island Sound and further training in waters off Panama and Hawaii. The ship's first war patrol, commencing March 3, 1945 was southwest of Kyūshū, Japan's southernmost island. By that point in the war, most of Japan's merchant fleet had already been sunk, but Street went into shallow water close to shore and found several ships.

On April 14, following a report from Naval Intelligence, Street took Tirante into Cheju harbor — on the surface, to avoid shoals and minefields. Using all six of his remaining torpedoes, he sank a freighter and two of its escorts. For this action, Tirante was awarded the Presidential Unit Citation (US), Street was awarded the Medal of Honor, and his executive officer, LT Edward L. Beach, Jr., received the Navy Cross.

On May 20, Tirante began her second war patrol as command ship of a nine-boat wolf pack dubbed "Street's Sweepers". Street again managed to find, and sink, several enemy ships. On June 11, he crept into Ha Shima harbor, some seven miles from Nagasaki and picked out the 2200-ton Hakuju Maru moored alongside a colliery. For this patrol, LCDR Street was awarded the Navy Cross. That citation reads in part "...For extraordinary heroism ...Tracking his targets relentlessly ...(he) launched his smashing torpedo and gunfire attacks against hostile freighters, junks and picket boats, sinking over 7000 tons of shipping vital to Japanese supply..."

Post-war

In July 1946 Street was transferred to the Office of Naval Research for duty as Head of Subsurface and Surface Warfare Branch of the Planning Division, involved in undersea warfare research. From November 1946 to July 1949, CDR Street commanded USS Requin. He attended the Armed Forces Staff College in Norfolk, Virginia from 1948 to 1951 — the first year as a student, the following years as a member of the faculty.

Captain Street retired from the Navy on August 10, 1966.

To some extent, Edward Beach modelled the hero of his first novel, Run Silent, Run Deep (1955), on his wartime skipper.

George L. Street's Medal of Honor citation reads:

For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty as commanding officer of the U.S.S. Tirante during the first war patrol of that vessel against enemy Japanese surface forces in the harbor of Cheju, Quelpart Island, off the coast of Korea, on 14 April 1945. With the crew at surface battle stations, Comdr. (then Lt. Comdr.) Street approached the hostile anchorage from the south within 1,200 yards [1100 m] of the coast to complete a reconnoitering circuit of the island. Leaving the 10-fathom [18 m] curve far behind he penetrated the mined and shoal-obstructed waters of the restricted harbor despite numerous patrolling vessels and in defiance of 5 shore-based radar stations and menacing aircraft. Prepared to fight it out on the surface if attacked, Comdr. Street went into action, sending 2 torpedoes with deadly accuracy into a large Japanese ammunition ship and exploding the target in a mountainous and blinding glare of white flames. With the Tirante instantly spotted by the enemy as she stood out plainly in the flare of light, he ordered the torpedo data computer set up while retiring and fired his last 2 torpedoes to disintegrate in quick succession the leading frigate and a similar flanking vessel. Clearing the gutted harbor at emergency full speed ahead, he slipped undetected along the shoreline, diving deep as a pursuing patrol dropped a pattern of depth charges at the point of submergence. His illustrious record of combat achievement during the first war patrol of the Tirante characterizes Comdr. Street as a daring and skilled leader and reflects the highest credit upon himself, his valiant command, and the U.S. Naval Service.^[1]

See also

World War II portal

United States Navy portal

• List of Medal of Honor recipients

References

1. ^ "U.S. Army Center of Military History Medal of Honor Citations Archive". Army Medal of Honor website. August 3, 2009. http://www.history.army.mil/html/moh/wwII-m-s.html. Retrieved January 6, 2010. 

 This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Army Center of Military History.

• CNET
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• CHINFO
• USS Holder

Persondata
NAME	Street, George L., III
ALTERNATIVE NAMES
SHORT DESCRIPTION	United States Navy Medal of Honor recipient
DATE OF BIRTH	July 27, 1913
PLACE OF BIRTH	Richmond, Virginia
DATE OF DEATH	February 26, 2000
PLACE OF DEATH

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