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George M. Dallas
| Britannica Concise Encyclopedia: George Mifflin Dallas |
| 5min Related Video: George M. Dallas |
| US Government Guide: George Dallas, Vice President |
•Born: July 10, 1792, Philadelphia, Pa.
•Education: College of New Jersey (Princeton), B.A., 1810
•Political party: Democrat
•Military service: none
•Previous government service: diplomatic mission to Russia, 1813; lawyer, Bank of the United States, 1815–17; U.S. Senate, 1831–32; attorney general of Pennsylvania, 1833–39; ambassador to Russia, 1837–39
• Vice President under James K. Polk, 1845–49
• Subsequent government service: ambassador to Great Britain, 1856–60
• Died: Dec. 31, 1864, Philadelphia, Pa.
In 1844 the Democratic national convention unanimously chose Silas Wright of New York to be its Vice Presidential nominee, but for the first and only time in American history, a candidate declined a major party nomination. George Dallas was nominated to take his place.
During his term Dallas broke several tie votes in the Senate in favor of tariff cuts. He also backed President James K. Kolk's expansionist policies in Oregon and in the Southwest during the Mexican-American War. Polk broke with Dallas when he refused to accept Dallas's suggestions for judicial and other appointments, and he kept Dallas off the ticket in 1848. In gratitude for his support for the annexation of Texas, the city of Dallas was named for him in 1846. Dallas closed out his government career as ambassador to Great Britain from 1856 to 1860 under President James Buchanan.
Sources
- John M. Belohlavek, George Mif-flin Dallas: Jacksonian Patrician (University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1977)
| Columbia Encyclopedia: George Mifflin Dallas |
Dallas, George Mifflin, 1792-1864, American statesman, vice president of the United States (1845-49), b. Philadelphia; son of Alexander James Dallas. He read law, was admitted (1813) to the bar, and was secretary to Albert Gallatin. After serving as solicitor (1815-17) of the Bank of the United States, Dallas was city attorney (1817-19) and mayor (1819) of Philadelphia. An active Democrat, he was appointed (1829) U.S. district attorney for E Pennsylvania, then served as a U.S. Senator (1831-33), as attorney general of Pennsylvania (1833-35), and as minister to Russia (1837-39). He returned to his law practice, and a sharp political rivalry developed between him and James Buchanan in Pennsylvania. In 1844, Dallas was elected vice president on the Democratic ticket along with James K. Polk. Dallas was later appointed (1856) minister to Great Britain and was succeeded (1861) in that post by Charles Francis Adams. Dallas conducted the negotiations leading to the Dallas-Clarendon Convention, signed in 1856, which set a basis for the settlement of difficulties in Central America. He also secured from Great Britain a disavowal of the right of search, a historic matter of dispute. He wrote a biography (1871) of his father.
Bibliography
See his letters from London (1869) and his diaries (1892) while a minister to Great Britain and Russia.
| Legal Encyclopedia: Dallas, George Mifflin |
George Mifflin Dallas was born July 10, 1792 to statesman Alexander James Dallas. He graduated from Princeton University in 1810 and was admitted to the bar three years later.
In 1813, statesman Albert Gallatin was dispatched to Russia for the purpose of securing Russian aid in negotiating an end to the War of 1812 between the United States and Great Britain. Dallas performed the duties of secretary to Gallatin and was commissioned in 1814 by the American delegates at the Ghent Peace Conference to relay the terms of peace to the British.
Dallas returned to Philadelphia and served as deputy attorney general before becoming mayor in 1829 for a three-year period. He also acted as U.S. district attorney, and in 1831, he entered the federal government.
Dallas filled a vacancy in the U.S. Senate and represented Pennsylvania until 1833; in that same year, he also performed the duties of attorney general of Pennsylvania and continued in this capacity until 1835.
In 1837, Dallas again acted as a diplomat, serving as emissary to Russia. Eight years later, he was elected as U.S. vice president during the administration of James K. Polk. His term lasted until 1849, and in 1856, he returned to foreign service, acting as minister to Great Britain until 1861. During his tenure Dallas was instrumental in the negotiations that resulted in the formation of the Dallas-Clarendon Convention of 1856, for the purpose of arbitrating disputes concerning Central America between the United States and Great Britain.
Dallas died December 31, 1864, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| Wikipedia: George M. Dallas |
For the judge, see George M. Dallas (judge).
| George Mifflin Dallas | |
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| In office March 4, 1845 – March 4, 1849 |
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| President | James Knox Polk |
| Preceded by | John Tyler |
| Succeeded by | Millard Fillmore |
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| In office December 13, 1831 – March 3, 1833 |
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| Preceded by | Isaac D. Barnard |
| Succeeded by | Samuel McKean |
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| In office 1833 – 1835 |
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| Governor | George Wolf |
| Preceded by | Ellis Lewis |
| Succeeded by | James Todd |
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| In office 1828 – 1829 |
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| Preceded by | Joseph Wilson |
| Succeeded by | Benjamin W. Richards |
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| In office March 7, 1837 – July 29, 1839 |
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| President | Martin Van Buren |
| Preceded by | John Randolph Clay |
| Succeeded by | Churchill C. Cambreleng |
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| In office 1856 – 1861 |
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| President | Franklin Pierce James Buchanan Abraham Lincoln |
| Preceded by | James Buchanan |
| Succeeded by | Charles F. Adams |
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| In office 1829 – 1831 |
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| Nominated by | Andrew Jackson |
| Preceded by | Charles Jared Ingersoll |
| Succeeded by | Henry D. Gilpin |
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| Born | July 10, 1792 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania |
| Died | December 31, 1864 (aged 72) Philadelphia, Pennsylvania |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Spouse(s) | Sophia Nicklin Dallas |
| Alma mater | College of New Jersey |
| Religion | Episcopalian |
| Signature |  |
George Mifflin Dallas (July 10, 1792 – December 31, 1864) was a U.S. Senator from Pennsylvania and the 11th Vice President of the United States, serving under James K. Polk.
Contents |
Family and early life
George Mifflin Dallas was born on July 10, 1792, to Alexander James Dallas and Arabella Smith Dallas in Philadelphia.[1] Dallas was the second of six children from his parents,[1] one of whom, Alexander, would become the commander of Pensacola Navy Yard. The senior Alexander was the Secretary of the Treasury under United States President James Madison, and was also briefly the Secretary of War.[1] Dallas graduated from the College of New Jersey (now Princeton University) with highest honors in 1810, studying law thereafter, and was admitted to the Pennsylvania bar in 1813.[1]
Early legal, diplomatic and financial service
Dallas did not have much enthusiasm at the time for legal practice, and wanted to fight in the War of 1812, a plan which he dropped due to his father's objection.[1] Just after this, Dallas accepted an offer to be the private secretary of Albert Gallatin, and he went to Russia with Gallatin who was sent there to try and secure its aid in peace negotiations between Great Britain and the United States.[1] Dallas enjoyed the opportunities offered to him by being in Russia, but after six months there he was ordered to go to London to determine whether the War of 1812 could be resolved diplomatically.[1] In August 1814, he arrived in Washington D.C. and delivered a preliminary draft of Britain's peace terms.[1] There, he was appointed by James Madison to become the remitter of the treasury, which is considered a "convenient arrangement" because Dallas's father was serving at the time as that department's secretary.[1] Since the job did not entail a large workload, Dallas found time to develop his grasp of politics, his major vocational interest.[1] He later became the counsel to the Second Bank of the United States.[1] In 1817, Dallas's father died, ending Dallas's plan for a family law practice, and he stopped working for the Second Bank of the United States and became the deputy attorney general of Philadelphia, a position he held until 1820.[1]
Political career
After the War of 1812 ended, Pennsylvania's political climate was chaotic, with two factions in that state's Democratic party vying for control.[1] One, the Philadelphia-based "Family party", was led by Dallas, and it espoused the beliefs that the Constitution of the United States was supreme, that an energetic national government should exist that would implement protective tariffs, a powerful central banking system, and undertake internal improvements to the country in order to facilitate national commerce.[1] The other faction was called the "Amalgamators", headed by the future President James Buchanan.[1]
The Family party elected Dallas in 1828 to the position of mayor of Philadelphia, after they had gained control of the city councils.[1] However, he quickly grew bored of that post, and became the district attorney for the eastern district of Pennsylvania in 1829, a position his father had held from 1801 to 1814, and continued in that role until 1831.[1] In December of that year, he won a five-man, eleven-ballot contest in the state legislature, that enabled him to become the Senator from Pennsylvania in order to complete the unexpired term[1] of the previous senator who had resigned.[2]
Dallas served less than 15 months — from December 13, 1831, to March 4, 1833 — and declined to be a candidate for reelection. He was chairman of the Committee on Naval Affairs.
Dallas resumed the practice of law, was attorney general of Pennsylvania from 1833 to 1835, and served as the Grand Master of Freemasons in Pennsylvania in 1835. [3] He was appointed by President Martin Van Buren as Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Russia from 1837 to 1839, when he was recalled at his own request. Dallas was elected Vice President of the United States on the Democratic ticket in 1844 with James K. Polk and served from March 4, 1845 to March 4, 1849.
President Franklin Pierce appointed Dallas in 1856 as Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Britain, where he served until 1861, when he returned to Philadelphia. He died there in 1864 at the age of 72 and was interred in St. Peter's Churchyard. Dallas County, Iowa, Dallas County, Missouri, and Dallas County, Texas, and several U.S. cities and towns elsewhere were named in his honor such as Dallas, Georgia, Dallastown, Pennsylvania and Dallas, Oregon the county seat of Polk County, Oregon. (It is debated that the city of Dallas, Texas is named after the Vice President—see History of Dallas, Texas (1839-1855) for more information.)
Dallas is the great-great-granduncle of former U.S. Senator Claiborne Pell of Rhode Island, and was the uncle of George M. Bache and Alexander Dallas Bache. He was of Scottish heritage.
References
- "George Mifflin Dallas." Dictionary of American Biography Base Set. American Council of Learned Societies, 1928-1936.
- Hatfield, Mark O. George Mifflin Dallas. Vice-Presidents of the United States, 1789-1983. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office. 1979.
- "George Mifflin Dallas, 11th Vice President (1845-1849)". United States Senate. http://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/VP_George_Dallas.htm. Retrieved 2009-02-03.
Footnotes
External links
- George M. Dallas at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
- A Series of Letters Written from London by George M. Dallas
- George M. Dallas at Find a Grave
- "Barnard, Isaac Dutton, (1791 - 1834)". United States Congress. http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=B000154.
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