Gerard David (c. 1460, Oudewater – August 13th 1523, Bruges) was an
early Dutch Renaissance artist
known for his brilliant use of color.
Life
He was born in Oudewater, now located in Utrecht. Most of his career took place in Bruges, where he was a member of the painters' guild. Upon the death of Hans Memling in
1494, David became Bruges' leading painter.
In the early 1860s David was rescued from oblivion by W. J. H. Weale, whose researches in the archives of Bruges brought to
light the main facts of the painter's life. There is now documentary evidence for the following: that David came to Bruges in
1483, presumably from Haarlem, where he had formed his early style
under Albert van Oudewater; he joined the guild of St Luke at Bruges in 1484 and became dean of the guild in 1501; in 1496 he
married Cornelia Cnoop, daughter of the dean of the goldsmiths' guild; he became
one of the town's leading citizens; he died on August 13, 1523 and was buried in the Church of Our Lady at Bruges.
Work
In his early work, David had followed Haarlem artists such as Dirck Bouts, Ouwater and
Geertgen tot Sint Jans, though he had already given evidence of superior power as
a colourist. To this early period belong the St John of the Kaufmann collection in Berlin
and the Saltings St Jerome. In Bruges he studied and copied masterpieces by the Van
Eycks, Rogier van der Weyden, and Hugo
van der Goes. Here he came directly under the influence of Memling, the master whom he followed most closely. It was from
him that David acquired a solemnity of treatment, greater realism in the rendering of human form, and an orderly arrangement of
figures.
Another master was to influence him later in life, when in 1515 he visited Antwerp and was impressed with the work of Quentin Matsys, who had
introduced a greater vitality and intimacy in the conception of sacred themes. David's Pietà in the National Gallery, London, and the Descent from the Cross in the Cavallo collection
Paris (Guildhall, 1906), were painted under this influence and are remarkable for
their sense of dramatic movement. But the works on which David's fame has rested most securely are the great altarpieces he painted before his visit to Antwerp: the Marriage of St Catherine, at the National
Gallery; the triptych of the Madonna Enthroned and Saints of the Brignole-Sale collection in Genoa; the Annunciation of the Sigmaringen collection; and above all, the Madonna with Angels and
Saints, which he painted without asking a fee from the Carmelite Nuns of Sion at Bruges, and which is now in the Rouen museum.
Only a few of his works have remained in Bruges: The Judgment of Cambyses, The Flaying of Sisamnes and the
Baptism of Christ in the town museum, and the Transfiguration in the Church of Our Lady. The rest were scattered
around the world, and to this may be due the oblivion into which his very name had fallen; this, and the fact that, for all the
beauty and the soulfulness of his work, he had nothing innovative to add to the history of art. Even in his best work he had only
given newer variations of the art of his predecessors and contemporaries. His rank among the masters was renewed, however, when a
considerable number of his paintings were assembled at Bruges for a 1902 exhibition of the early
Flemish painters.
Legacy
At the time of David's death, the glory of Bruges and its painters was on the wane: Antwerp had become the leader in art as
well as in political and commercial importance. Of David's pupils in Bruges, only Isenbrant, A. Cornelis and Ambrosius
Benson achieved importance. Among other Flemish painters, Joachim Patinir and
Jan Mabuse were to some degree influenced by him.
Eberhard Freiherr von Bodenhausen published in 1905 a very comprehensive monograph on
Gerard David and his School (Munich, F. Bruckmann), together with a catalogue
raisonné of his works, which, after careful analysis, are reduced to a total of forty-three.
|
|
|
|
|
The Judgment of Cambyses2
|
|
The Mystic Marriage of St Catherine
|
|
Triptych of jean des trompes
|
Triptych of jean des trompes2
|
Virgin and child with four angels
|
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to:
References
This entry is from Wikipedia, the leading user-contributed encyclopedia. It may not have been reviewed by professional editors (see full disclaimer)
