Giulio Andreotti

(b. Rome, 14 Jan. 1919) Italian; Prime Minister 1972 – 91 The son of a teacher, Andreotti graduated in law at the University of Rome in 1942, and was president of FUCI, the students' branch of Catholic Action, from 1942 to 1945. In this post he succeeded Aldo Moro, another future leader of the Christian Democrats (DC), and his period of office coincided with that of Mgr. G. B. Montini, the future Pope Paul VI, as chaplain appointed by the Vatican to FUCI. He had already met Alcide De Gasperi, the first general secretary of the emerging Christian Democrat Party, and became his personal assistant. Giulio Andreotti was the youngest deputy elected to the Constituent Assembly in 1946, and was elected to the Chamber of Deputies in the Rome constituency in every election from 1948 to 1987. He was under-secretary in the Prime Minister's office during De Gasperi's prime ministerships (1947 – 53), a position he used to full advantage to establish his own independent centre-right faction known as "Primavera" (springtime). From then on he was hardly ever out of office, with a total of over thirty individual ministerial or prime ministerial appointments in his entire career. Until 1972 he was usually either Minister of Defence or had one of the Finance portfolios. In 1972, he headed a short-lived centre-right coalition, and then demonstrated his versatility by leading the minority DC governments which ruled with Communist support during the "historic compromise" period (1976 – 9). He re-emerged during the 1980s as Foreign Minister in the governments led by the Socialist Bettino Craxi. His long influence over Italian politics ended when in 1993 the Senate voted to remove his immunity from prosecution on charges of complicity with the Mafia, charges which he strenuously denied.

Andreotti never sought to dominate the course of events, whether in office or out, and was regarded as a supreme interpreter of the party system, not as a policy initiator. His power rested on three main factors: his unrivalled control of his party faction with its base in the region around Rome, his skill in working with the balance of power within the governing coalition, and his range of contacts abroad, especially in the USA, for whose foreign policy community he was an essential point of reference on Italian developments. Andreotti, who was renowned for his oracular style and dry humour, also found time to establish a reputation as an author of mystery novels, cultured biographies, and political commentaries. He was as representative of the post-war Italian Republic as his predecessor Giovanni Giolitti was of the Italian Liberal state, and as controversial.

A long-time leader of Italy's Christian Democratic Party, Giulio Andreotti (born 1919) served his country in many important government positions.

Giulio Andreotti was born in Rome on January 14, 1919. He obtained a law degree with honors during Benito Mussolini's Fascist rule while beginning to participate in Catholic youth movements, especially as a journalist. He was the editor of the Catholic Azione Fucina, a weekly university magazine. He also collaborated with the Christian Democratic paper Il Popolo during its clandestine period.

When Italy was liberated in 1944 the young Andreotti became a member of the national council of Democrazia Cristiana (DC), the Catholic political party. In 1946 he was elected to the constituent assembly that was charged to draft the constitution of the new Italian Republic. In those same years Andreotti solidified his already prominent position by becoming one of the closest collaborators of Alcide De Gasperi, the Italian premier and indisputable leader of the DC in the post-World War II period. In this manner Andreotti reached the highest ranks within the DC and within the governmental apparatus at the same time, early in his political career.

Conservative Leader of His Party

At De Gasperi's death in 1954 Andreotti remained close to the centrist DC "old guard" leaders: he did not associate with younger Christian Democrats, such as Giuseppe Dossetti, who wanted to move the DC toward more liberal social and economic policies. In the 1960s Andreotti also resisted pressures within his party to form governmental coalitions with the Socialists. However, despite his opposition to the ideas of Christian Democratic left-wing leaders such as Aldo Moro, Andreotti always managed to maintain good relations with political adversaries within his party. In fact, he was a cabinet minister (Interior, Finance, Treasury, Defense, Industry) throughout the 1950s and 1960s under liberal DC premiers. This continued presence at the highest levels of Christian Democratic and governmental power can be attributed to Andreotti's noted skills in striking compromises with every group while never losing his political autonomy.

Throughout his long political career Andreotti built up a solid basis of personal support among voters within his electoral district in Rome. He was elected to Parliament continuously beginning with the first legislature. He was also noted as one of the Italian political personalities who received the highest number of personal preference votes written manually on the ballots.

In the 1970s Andreotti held the post of president of the Council of Ministers (premier) several times. Of particular note are the cabinets which he headed between July 1976 and early 1979. This was a most difficult time in Italian political life. In addition to a deep economic crisis, there were problems about left-and right-wing terrorism and about the continued growth of the DC's principal rival, the Italian Communist Party (PCI). In 1976 the PCI made consistent gains at the polls, following an extremely tense campaign where it was feared the DC would lose its position as the largest Italian party in favor of the PCI. While this sorpasso (overtaking) did not take place at that time, the strength of the Italian left made it extremely difficult for the DC to rule. It was then that Italy's moderate leaders turned to Andreotti and his political pragmatism.

Andreotti Takes Charge

From the point of view of Italian anti-Communist forces it could be said that Andreotti accomplished a political masterpiece with the cabinet he headed, in particular between March 1978 and January 1979. Andreotti managed to form a minority cabinet comprised of Christian Democrats only, but with the external support - in Parliament - of the PCI. In this manner the Communists stayed out of the government, but lent it their support, because they considered this as a first step toward a compromesso storico (historical compromise) which they advocated; that is, a nearly unprecedented alliance between the PCI and the DC to form a government together. Andreotti's government, however, simply reaped the benefits of Communist cooperation while avoiding a true compromesso storico.

At the end of this experience the losers were the Communists. The PCI lost the support of voters who disliked a cooperation with the Christian Democratic arch-enemy that did not result in a clear PCI influence on governmental programs and policies. The PCI then abandoned its attempts at compromesso storico and returned to the more traditional efforts of forming a left-wing government with the Socialists. One of Andreotti's many quips describes well the Communist situation at the time: asked whether power wears one down, Andreotti promptly replied that power wears down "those who do not have it." Prophetic words, as the PCI steadily lost ground in the 1980s. Andreotti's great achievement, in the eyes of Italian anti-Communists then, was to have helped keep the PCI at bay at the time of its greatest strength between 1976 and 1979. Andreotti's ability in striking an unlikely political compromise - the external support by the PCI - was at the core of this success.

In the 1980s Andreotti often held the post of minister of foreign affairs. In that post he was noted for his pro-Arab policies, generally in agreement with other leaders of the European Economic Community but in contrast with American diplomacy. In the summer of 1989 Andreotti became once again premier by pacifying bitter disputes between Socialist and Christian Democratic coalition leaders such as Bettino Craxi and Ciriaco De Mita. Andreotti was considered a leading candidate to become president of the Italian Republic after Francesco Cossiga.

Andreotti began a rapid descent from power in 1992. Two important events occurred during this time that led to his decline: the collapse of communism in Eastern Europe and the occurrence of the most important Mafia trial in history, in which many Mafia bosses were convicted and sentenced to life in prison. The United States had been particularly interested in protecting Andreotti during the cold war, since Italy was on the borderline between East and West, but after the collapse of communism in Eastern Europe, his role was no longer as crucial.

In 1994, the Christian Democratic party collapsed under the weight of corruption investigations. Andreotti was accused of affiliation with the Sicilian Mafia, Cosa Nostra, and went on trial in September 1995. The complex trial was expected to last several years. He was also accused of the 1979 murder of a journalist, Mino Pecorelli, who supposedly had unflattering information about Andreotti that he planned to publish. Andreotti maintained his innocence and claimed the accusations were politically motivated. In reaction to his trial, Andreotti said, "Everything considered, I have been very fortunate in life. … I think that in order to merit the next life one must undergo a severe trial. I would rather have had a trial of a different nature. But I believe in the justice of the afterlife and not just on earth, and that gives me a lot of serenity" (NetNews, June 16, 1996).

Andreotti is the author of numerous books. Among them (all in Italian) are a biography of Alcide De Gasperi, De Gasperi e il suo tempo (1965), and three volumes of recollections and observations about world leaders whom Andreotti met in the course of his long political career: Visit da Vicino (1982); Visti da Vicino-Seconda Serie (1983); and Visit da Vicino-Terza Serie (1985).

Further Reading

Little has been written concerning Giulio Andreotti in English. One may find occasional references in newspapers, such as the New York Times and Washington Post. See also Who's Who in Italy (1986) and Who's Who in the World (1996). In the Italian language see Paolo Possenti, Storia della DC della origini al centrosinistra (Rome: 1978) and Giulio Andreotti, Diari, 1976-79: gli anni della solidarieta (Milan: 1981). See also Alexander Stille, Excellent Cadavers: The Mafia and the Death of the First Italian Republic (1995), The Independent (September 24, 1995), and the New Republic (April 15, 1996). Web sites that contain information on Andreotti include NetNews,http://www.liber.se/aw/newnews and Committee for a Safe Society, http://www.alternatives.com./crime

Quotes:

"Power tires only those who do not have it."

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Senatore  Giulio Andreotti
Andreotti at the G7 Economic Summit in Bonn, Germany, in 1978
59th, 62nd and 71st Prime Minister of Italy
In office 17 February 1972 – 7 July 1973
President	Giovanni Leone
Preceded by	Emilio Colombo
Succeeded by	Mariano Rumor
In office 29 July 1976 – 4 August 1979
President	Giovanni Leone Alessandro Pertini
Deputy	Ugo La Malfa
Preceded by	Aldo Moro
Succeeded by	Francesco Cossiga
In office 22 July 1989 – 24 April 1992
President	Francesco Cossiga
Deputy	Claudio Martelli
Preceded by	Ciriaco De Mita
Succeeded by	Giuliano Amato
Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs
In office August 4, 1983 – July 22, 1989
Prime Minister	Bettino Craxi Amintore Fanfani Giovanni Goria Ciriaco de Mita
Preceded by	Emilio Colombo
Succeeded by	Gianni De Michelis
Italian Minister of Defense
In office February 15, 1959 – February 23, 1966
Prime Minister	Antonio Segni Fernando Tambroni Amintore Fanfani Giovanni Leone Aldo Moro
Preceded by	Antonio Segni
Succeeded by	Roberto Tremelloni
In office March 14, 1974 – November 23, 1974
Prime Minister	Mariano Rumor
Preceded by	Mario Tanassi
Succeeded by	Arnaldo Forlani
Italian Minister of the Interior
In office January 18, 1954 – February 8, 1954
Prime Minister	Amintore Fanfani
Preceded by	Amintore Fanfani
Succeeded by	Mario Scelba
In office May 11, 1978 – June 13, 1978
Prime Minister	Himself
Preceded by	Francesco Cossiga
Succeeded by	Virginio Rognoni
Lifetime Senator
Incumbent
Assumed office  June 19, 1991
Constituency	New Constituency
Born	January 14, 1919 (1919-01-14) (age 90) Rome, Italy
Nationality	Italian
Political party	Christian Democracy
Spouse(s)	Livia Danese
Residence	Rome, Italy
Alma mater	University of Rome La Sapienza
Profession	Politics Journalist
Religion	Roman Catholic

Giulio Andreotti (born January 14, 1919^[1]) is an Italian politician of the centrist Christian Democratic party who served as Prime Minister of Italy from 1972 to 1973, from 1976 to 1979, and from 1989 to 1992. He also served as Minister of the Interior (1954 and 1978), Defense Minister (1959-1966 and 1974) and Foreign Minister (1983-1989), and he has been a Senator for life since 1991. He is also a journalist and author.

He is sometimes called Divo Giulio (from Latin Divus Iulius, "divine Julius", an epithet of Julius Caesar) because of his authority and importance in the history of Italian republican politics. The film Il Divo deals with Andreotti's ties to the Mafia and won the Prix du Jury at the 2008 Cannes Film Festival.

Contents 1 Political career 2 Mafia trial 3 Recent activities 4 Quotes 4.1 By Andreotti 4.2 About Andreotti 5 Popular culture 6 References 7 External links

Political career

Giulio Andreotti (left), with President Richard Nixon and Frank Sinatra at the White House, 1973.

Andreotti was born in Rome^[1] and studied law there. During his formative political years, he was tightly connected to the Christian Democratic Leader Alcide De Gasperi. Andreotti has sat in Parliament without interruption since 1946, when he was elected to the Constituent Assembly. He was continuously re-elected to the Chamber of Deputies until President Francesco Cossiga appointed him as Senator for life in 1991.

He was the last Christian Democratic prime minister of Italy, serving from 1989 to 1992. His last term was marred by the revelation of the corruption which ultimately destroyed the party. On October 24, 1990, Giulio Andreotti acknowledged before the Chamber of Deputies the existence of Operazione Gladio, a North Atlantic Treaty Organization secret anti-communist structure. During the first stages of Tangentopoli he was left untouched but in April 1993 he was investigated for having mafia relations. In 1994 the party of which he was a predominant figure vanished from the political sphere.

On April 14, 1986, during his time as Foreign Minister, Andreotti revealed to the Libyan Foreign Minister, Abdel-Rahman Shalgam, that the United States would bomb Libya the next day in retaliation for the Berlin disco terrorist attack which had been tied to Libya. ^[2] As a result of the "warning" by the supposed U.S. ally Italy, Libya was better prepared for the retaliatory American strike.

Mafia trial

Andreotti was investigated for his role in the 1979 murder of Mino Pecorelli, a journalist who had published allegations that Andreotti had ties to the Mafia and to the kidnapping of Prime Minister of Italy Aldo Moro. A court acquitted him in 1999 after a case that lasted three years, but he was convicted on appeal in November 2002 and sentenced to twenty-four-years imprisonment. The eighty-three-year-old Andreotti was immediately released pending an appeal. On October 30, 2003, an appeals court over-turned the conviction and acquitted Andreotti of the original murder charge. That same year, the court of Palermo acquitted him of ties to the Mafia, but only on grounds of expiration of statutory terms. The court established that Andreotti had indeed had strong ties to the Mafia until 1980, and had used them to further his political career to such an extent as to be considered a component of the Mafia itself.^[3]

Andreotti defended himself by saying he took harsh measures against the Mafia while in government. Andreotti's seventh government (1991-92) did take a number of decisive steps against Cosa Nostra - thanks to the presence of Antimafia judge Giovanni Falcone at the Ministry of Justice. "When he says that he took extremely harsh measures against the Mafia, he isn't lying," according to Eugenio Scalfari, the editor of the Rome newspaper La Repubblica. "I think at a certain point in the late Eighties he realised that the Mafia could not be controlled. He awoke from his perennial distraction... and the Mafia, which realised that it could no longer count on his protection or tolerance, assassinated his man in Sicily."^[4] His man in Palermo was Salvo Lima who was murdered by the Mafia in March 1992. The murder of Lima meant a turning point in the relations between the Mafia and its reference points in politics. The Mafia felt betrayed by Lima and Andreotti. In their opinion they had failed to block the confirmation of the sentence of the Maxi Trial of 1986 - which had sent scores of Mafiosi to jail - by the Court of Cassation (court of final appeal) in January 1992.

Recent activities

As of 2005, he regularly writes articles for Corriere della Sera. He also recorded a TV spot for 3 mobile company, which began airing in November 2005.

After the April 2006 general election, Andreotti, aged 87, accepted to be the candidate for the Presidency of the Senate for Silvio Berlusconi's House of Freedoms alliance that was still governing at the time. He was opposed by The Union's Franco Marini and lost to him 156 votes to 165.

On 21 January 2008, he abstained from a vote in the Senate concerning Minister Massimo D'Alema's report on foreign politics. This choice, together with the abstentions of another life senator, Sergio Pininfarina, and of two communist senators, caused the government to lose the vote: as a consequence, Prime Minister Romano Prodi resigned. On previous occasions, Andreotti had always supported Prodi's government with his vote. Given his close ties to the high ranks of the Catholic Church, the abstention of Andreotti was read by many^[who?] as a sort of warning delivered by the Conferenza Episcopale Italiana to the government which at that time was pushing ahead a proposal for legal recognition of unmarried couples, including same-sex couples.^{[citation needed]}

Quotes

By Andreotti

• In response to opposition politician Giancarlo Pajetta, who had claimed that "power wears out" (Il potere logora), Andreotti responded "Power wears out those who don't have it" (Il potere logora chi non ce l'ha). The sentence became proverbial and is widely recognized in Italy.^[4][5][6]
• "Power is a disease one has no desire to be cured of."^[4]
• On Gladio: "Gladio had been necessary during the days of the Cold War but, in view of the collapse of the East Block, Italy would suggest to NATO that the organization was no longer necessary."
• "You sin in thinking bad about people; but, often, you guess right" (A pensar male si fa peccato, ma spesso ci si azzecca).
• "Never over-dramatise things, everything can be fixed; keep a certain detachment from everything; the important things in life are very few"
• "I recognize my limits but when I look around I realise I am not living exactly in a world of giants."^[7]
• "Aside from the Punic Wars, which I was too young for, I have been blamed for everything."^[4]

About Andreotti

• "He seemed to have a positive aversion to principle, even a conviction that a man of principle was doomed to be a figure of fun." Margaret Thatcher.^[4]

Popular culture

Cover of the Italian weekly Panorama featuring Andreotti

• In Italy, he is often nicknamed Belzebù (Beelzebub) or "The Prince of Darkness" because of his alleged Mafia links, by his detractors. Other disparaging nicknames include "The Black Pope" and "The Hunchback".^[8]
• The fictional character Don Licio Lucchesi from The Godfather Part III movie, a high-rank Italian politician closely bound to the mafia, was modeled on Andreotti. Ironically, before Lucchesi was killed, his killer whispered in to his ear "Power wears out those who don't have it".
• A joke about Andreotti (originally seen in a strip by Stefano Disegni and Massimo Caviglia) had him receiving a phone call from a fellow party member, who pleaded with him to attend judge Giovanni Falcone's funeral. His friend supposedly begged: "The State must give an answer to the Mafia, and you are one of the top authorities in it!". To which Andreotti answered puzzled, "Which one do you mean?"
• The Italian satirical magazine Cuore referred to Andreotti as Giulio "Lavazza", where Lavazza is a leading Italian brand of coffee. This was a hint of an alleged involvement of Andreotti in the assassination of banker and felon Michele Sindona, killed in jail with a poisoned espresso.
• He is the subject of Paolo Sorrentino's Il Divo, winner of the Jury Prize at the 2008 Cannes film festival.^[9] Andreotti walked out of the movie and dismissed the film, saying he believes he will in the end be judged "on his record".^[10]
• On 2 November 2008, Andreotti appeared on the entertainment program Questa Domenica, broadcasted on the Italian television channel Canale 5, discussing also about the movie Il Divo. During his appearance, he appeared to suffer health difficulties and there was speculation he had suffered a stroke. Andreotti was twice posed a question and simply failed to respond, although his eyes remained open. The direction cut with an advertisement break, following which Andreotti reappeared, in seemingly better condition. The incident was presented to the viewer as a consequence of technical difficulties. A clip of the moment in question is available on YouTube.^[11]

References

1. ^ ^{a b} Page at Senate website (Italian).
2. ^ Reports: Italy warned Libya of 1986 US strike, Associated Press Writer, October 30, 2008
3. ^ 'Kiss of honour' between Andreotti and Mafia head never happened, The Independent, Jul 26, 2003
4. ^ ^{a b c d e} All the prime minister's men, by Alexander Stille, The Independent, September 24, 1995
5. ^ Andreotti as a lethal "god" in Sorrentino's new film, Cineuropa, May 23, 2008
6. ^ (Italian) Giulio Andreotti, Wikiquote
7. ^ Giulio Andreotti Quotes
8. ^ Beelzebub spoils Prodi's day, The Times, April 29, 2006
9. ^ Il Divo: the Spectacular Life of Giulio Andreotti, The Times, March 19, 2009
10. ^ Andreotti: why I walked out of my own biopic, The Times, March 17, 2009
11. ^ (Italian)Andreotti si incanta...

External links

• "Les procès Andreotti en Italie" ("The Andreotti trials in Italy") by Philippe Foro, published by University of Toulouse II, Groupe de recherche sur l'histoire immédiate (Study group on contemporary history) (French)

Political offices
Preceded by Amintore Fanfani	Italian Minister of the Interior 1954	Succeeded by Mario Scelba
Preceded by Antonio Segni	Italian Minister of Defense 1959–1966	Succeeded by Roberto Tremelloni
Preceded by Emilio Colombo	Prime Minister of Italy 1972–1973	Succeeded by Mariano Rumor
Preceded by Mario Tanassi	Italian Minister of Defense 1974	Succeeded by Arnaldo Forlani
Preceded by Aldo Moro	Prime Minister of Italy 1976–1979	Succeeded by Francesco Cossiga
Preceded by Francesco Cossiga	Italian Minister of the Interior 1978	Succeeded by Virginio Rognoni
Preceded by Emilio Colombo	Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs 1983–1989	Succeeded by Gianni De Michelis
Preceded by Ciriaco De Mita	Prime Minister of Italy 1989–1992	Succeeded by Giuliano Amato

Giulio Andreotti v • d • e Prime Ministers of Italy Kingdom of Italy Cavour · Ricasoli · Rattazzi · Farini · Minghetti · La Marmora · Ricasoli · Rattazzi · Menabrea · Lanza · Minghetti · Depretis · Cairoli · Depretis · Cairoli · Depretis · Crispi · Starrabba · Giolitti · Crispi · Starrabba · Pelloux · Saracco · Zanardelli · Giolitti · Tittoni · Fortis · Sonnino · Giolitti · Sonnino · Luzzatti · Giolitti · Salandra · Boselli · Orlando · Nitti · Giolitti · Bonomi · Facta · Mussolini · Badoglio · Bonomi · Parri · De Gasperi Italian Republic De Gasperi · Pella · Fanfani · Scelba · Segni · Zoli · Fanfani · Segni · Tambroni · Fanfani · Leone · Moro · Leone · Rumor · Colombo · Andreotti · Rumor · Moro · Andreotti · Cossiga · Forlani · Spadolini · Fanfani · Craxi · Fanfani · Goria · De Mita · Andreotti · Amato · Ciampi · Berlusconi · Dini · Prodi · D'Alema · Amato · Berlusconi · Prodi · Berlusconi v • d • e Italian Ministers of Foreign Affairs Kingdom of Italy Cavour · Ricasoli · Rattazzi · Pasolini · Visconti-Venosta · La Marmora · Visconti-Venosta · Campello · Menabrea · Visconti-Venosta · Melefari · Depretis · Corti · Cairoli · Depretis · Cairoli · Mancini · Depretis · Robilant · Depretis · Crispi · Starabba di Rudinì · Brin · De Blanc · Caetani · Capelli · Canevaro · Visconti-Venosta · Prinetti · Tittoni · Paternò-Castello · Guicciardini · Tittoni · Guicciardini · Paternò-Castello · Barone Sidney Sonnino · Tittoni · Scialoja · Sforza · Tommasi della Torretta · Schanzer · Mussolini · Grandi · Mussolini · Ciano · Mussolini · Guariglia · Badoglio · Bonomi · De Gasperi Italian Republic De Gasperi · Nenni · Sforza · De Gasperi · Pella · Piccioni · Martino · Pella · Fanfani · Pella · Segni · Fanfani · Piccioni · Saragat · Moro · Fanfani · Moro · Fanfani · Medici · Nenni · Moro · Medici · Moro · Rumor · Forlani · Malfatti · Ruffini · Colombo · Andreotti · De Michelis · Scotti · Amato · Colombo · Andreatta · Elia · Martino · Agnelli · Dini · Amato · Ruggiero · Berlusconi · Frattini · Fini · D'Alema · Frattini v • d • e Craxi II Cabinet (1986–1987) Forlani | Vizzini | Granelli | Fabbri | Zamberletti | Gaspari | De Vito| | Mammì | Andreotti | Scalfaro | Rognoni | Romita | Visentini | Goria | Spadolini | Falcucci | Nicolazzi | Pandolfi | Signorile | Gava | Zanone | Donat-Cattin | Formica | Degan | Darida | Gullotti | De Michelis | Capria | De Lorenzo  v • d • e Fanfani VI Cabinet (1987–1987) Paladin | Granelli | De Vito | Andreotti | Scalfaro | Rognoni | Goria | Gaspari | Guarino | Falucci | Zamberletti | Pandolfi | Travaglini | Gava | Donat-Cattin | Piga | Sarcinelli | Degan | Darida | Gorrieri | Gullotti | Di Lazzaro | Pavan  v • d • e Goria Cabinet (1987–1988) Amato | Gunnella | Iervolino | La Pergola | Gaspari | Ruberti | Santuz | Tognoli | Mattarella | Andreotti | Fanfani | Vassalli | Colombo | Gava | Zanone | Galloni | De Rose | Pandolfi | Mannino | Mammì | Battaglia | Donat-Cattin | Ruggiero | Prandini | Vizzini | Carraro | Ruffolo | Formica  v • d • e De Mita Cabinet (1988–1989) De Michelis | Maccanico | Iervolino | Lattanzio | La Pergola | Cirino Pomicino | Gaspari | Mattarella | Togonli | Andreotti | Gava | Vassalli | Fanfani | Colombo | Amato | Zanone | Galloni | Ferri | Mannino | Mammì | Santuz | Battaglia | Donat-Cattin | Ruggiero | Prandini | Formica | Fracanzani | Bono Parrino | Carraro | Ruffolo | Ruberti  v • d • e Andreotti VI Cabinet (1989–1991) Martelli | Maccanico | Iervolino | Romita | Lattanzio | Gaspari | Misasi | Marongiu | Conte | Sterpa | Gava | De Michelis | Scotti | Vassalli | Formica | Cirino Pomicino | Carli | Martinazzoli | Rognoni | Mattarella | Bianco | Prandini | Mannino | Saccomandi | Bernini | Mammì | Battaglia | De Lorenzo | Ruggiero | Vizzini | Fracanzani | Piga | Donat-Cattin | Facchiano | Carraro | Tognoli | Ruffolo | Ruberti  v • d • e Andreotti VII Cabinet (1991–1992) Martelli | D'Onofrio | Iervolino | Romita | Capria | Gaspari | Mannino | Boniver | Conte | Sterpa | Martinazzoli | De Michelis | Scotti | Cirino Pomicino | Formica | Carli | Rognoni | Misasi | Prandini | Goria | Bernini | Vizzini | Bodrato | De Lorenzo | Facchiano | Marini | Tognoli | Ruberti | Ruffolo | Lattanzio

v • d • e Bancarella Prize winners Ernest Hemingway (1953) · Giovannino Guareschi (1954) · Hervé Le Boterf (1955) · Hanh Suyn (1956) · Werner Keller (1957) · Boris Pasternak (1958) · Heinrich Gerlac (1959) · Bonaventura Tecchi (1960) · André Schwarz Bart (1961) · Cornelius Ryan (1962) · Caccia Dominioni (1963) · Giulio Bedeschi (1964) · Luigi Preti (1965) · Vincenzo Pappalettera (1966) · Indro Montanelli (1967) · Isaac Bashevis Singer (1968) · Peter Colosimo (1969) · Oriana Fallaci (1970) · Enzo Biagi (1971) · Alberto Bevilacqua (1972) · Roberto Gervaso (1973) · Giuseppe Berto (1974) · Susanna Agnelli (1975) · Carlo Cassola (1976) · Giorgio Saviane (1977) · Alex Haley (1978) · Massimo Grillandi (1979) · Maurice Denuziere (1980) · Sergio Zavoli (1981) · Gary Jennings (1982) · Renato Barneschi (1983) · Luciano De Crescenzo (1984) · Giulio Andreotti (1985) · Pasquale Festa Campanile (1986) · Enzo Biagi (1987) · Cesare Marchi (1988) · Umberto Eco (1989) · Vittorio Sgarbi (1990) · Antonio Spinosa (1991) · Alberto Bevilacqua (1992) · Carmen Covito (1993) · John Grisham (1994) · Jostein Gaarder (1995) · Stefano Zecchi (1996) · Giampaolo Pansa (1997) · Paco Ignacio Taibo (1998) · Ken Follett (1999) · Michael Connelly (2000) · Andrea Camilleri (2001) · Federico Audisio (2002) · Alessandra Appiano (2003) · Bruno Vespa (2004) · Gianrico Carofiglio (2005) · Andrea Vitali (2006) · Frank Schätzing (2007) · Valerio Massimo Manfredi (2008)

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