(organic chemistry) C6H12O7 A crystalline acid obtained from glucose by oxidation; used in cleaning metals.
Gluconic acid
| Sci-Tech Dictionary: gluconic acid |
(glü′kän·ik ′as·əd)
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The acid formed by oxidation of the hydroxyl group on carbon-1 of glucose to a carboxylic acid group. Also termed dextronic acid, maltonic acid, and glycogenic acid.
| Medical Dictionary: glu·con·ic acid |
| Wikipedia: Gluconic acid |
| D-Gluconic acid | |
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| IUPAC name |
D-Gluconic acid
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| Other names | Dextronic acid |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | 526-95-4  ,133-42-6 (racemate) |
| EC-number | 208-401-4 |
| InChI |
1/C6H12O7/c7-1-2(8)3(9)4(10)5(11)6(12)13/h2-5,7-11H,1H2,(H,12,13)/t2-,3-,4+,5-/m1/s1
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| ChemSpider ID | 10240 |
| Properties | |
| Molecular formula | C6H12O7 |
| Molar mass | 196.16 g/mol |
| Appearance | Colorless crystals |
| Melting point |
131 °C, 404 K, 268 °F |
| Solubility in water | Good |
| Acidity (pKa) | 3.86 |
| (what is this?) (verify) Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) |
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| Infobox references | |
Gluconic acid is an organic compound with molecular formula C6H12O7 and condensed structural formula HOCH2(CHOH)4COOH. It is one of the 16 stereoisomers of 2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoic acid.
In aqueous solution at neutral pH, gluconic acid forms the gluconate ion. The salts of gluconic acid are known as "gluconates". Gluconic acid, gluconate salts, and gluconate esters occur widely in nature because such species arise from the oxidation of glucose. Some drugs are injected in the form of gluconates.
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Chemical structure
The chemical structure of gluconic acid consists of a six-carbon chain with five hydroxyl groups terminating in a carboxylic acid group. In aqueous solution, gluconic acid exists in equilibrium with the cyclic ester Glucono delta lactone.
Occurrence and uses
Gluconic acid occurs naturally in fruit, honey, kombucha tea, and wine. As a food additive (E574[1]), it is an acidity regulator. It is also used in cleaning products where it dissolves mineral deposits especially in alkaline solution. The gluconate anion chelates Ca2+, Fe2+, Al3+, and other metals.
Calcium gluconate, in the form of a gel, is used to treat burns from hydrofluoric acid;[2][3] calcium gluconate injections may be used for more severe cases to avoid necrosis of deep tissues.[4] Quinine gluconate is a salt between gluconic acid and quinine, which is used for intramuscular injection in the treatment of malaria. Zinc gluconate injections are used to neuter male dogs.[5] Iron gluconate injections have been proposed in the past to treat anemia.[6]
References
- ^ Current EU approved additives and their E Numbers. Food Standards Agency
- ^ el Saadi MS, Hall AH, Hall PK, Riggs BS, Augenstein WL, Rumack BH (1989). "Hydrofluoric acid dermal exposure". Vet Hum Toxicol 31 (3): 243–7. PMID 2741315.
- ^ Roblin I, Urban M, Flicoteau D, Martin C, Pradeau D (2006). "Topical treatment of experimental hydrofluoric acid skin burns by 2.5% calcium gluconate". J Burn Care Res 27 (6): 889–94. doi:10.1097/01.BCR.0000245767.54278.09 (inactive 2008-10-14). PMID 17091088.
- ^ D. Thomas, U. Jaeger, I. Sagoschen, C. Lamberti and K. Wilhelm (2009), Intra-Arterial Calcium Gluconate Treatment After Hydrofluoric Acid Burn of the Hand. CardioVascular and Interventional Radiology, Volume 32, Number 1, pages 155-158, DOI 10.1007/s00270-008-9361-1
- ^ Julie K. Levy, P. Cynda Crawford, Leslie D. Appel, Emma L. Clifford (2008), Comparison of intratesticular injection of zinc gluconate versus surgical castration to sterilize male dogs. American Journal of Veterinary Research Vol. 69, No. 1, Pages 140-143. doi: 10.2460/ajvr.69.1.140
- ^ Paul Reznikoff and Walther F. Goebel (1937), The preparation of ferrous gluconate and its use in the treatment of hypochromic anelia in rats. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Thereapy, volume 59 issue 2, page 182.
External links
This entry is from Wikipedia, the leading user-contributed encyclopedia. It may not have been reviewed by professional editors (see full disclaimer)
Learn More
 | gluconate (organic chemistry) |
| ferrous gluconate |
| glucono-δ-lactone |
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 | Sci-Tech Dictionary. McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms. Copyright © 2003, 1994, 1989, 1984, 1978, 1976, 1974 by McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Read more |
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Mentioned in
- gluconate (organic chemistry)
- ferrous gluconate
- glucono-δ-lactone
- gluconate
- Acetomonas (microbiology)
- gluconic
- ammonium gluconate (organic chemistry)
- sodium gluconate (organic chemistry)
- maltonic
- glucose oxidase
- E576
- Magnesium gluconate
- Sodium gluconate
- Glucono delta-lactone
