It can be used as following: "He goaded him on" "He was goaded into it" "So and so is goading me into this fight" - Feel free to add more in :)

A paddle, stick, electric prod, cane, etc.

A goad was sharp stick a herdsman used to drive cattle, so 'goading' means inciting, or driving forward. It is usually used to mean to provoke someone to do something. John goaded Fred into fighting Paul.

It is a "secret club" established by Gene and Finny that includes those willing to make a dangerous jump from a tree into the river. Of the original group dared, only Gene does the jump, after some goading by Finny.