The Celts primarily spoke Celtic languages, such as Gaulish, Brythonic, and Goidelic. The Romans spoke Latin.
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Yes it did. In fact, all languages that exist today developed
from other languages.
The language is derived from Common Celtic, a subdivision of
Indo- European.
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Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) is a Celtic language native to
Scotland. It is a member of the Goidelic branch of the Celtic
languages. It is ultimately descended from Old Irish.
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"Celtic" is actually a language family divided into two
branches, 1) the Goidelic languages: Scottish Gaelic, Irish Gaelic,
and Manx (Isle of Man) and 2) the Brythonic languages: Welsh,
Cornish, and Breton.