Golden Jubilee of Elizabeth II

The Golden Jubilee of Queen Elizabeth II was the international celebration marking the 50th anniversary of the accession of Queen Elizabeth II to the thrones of seven countries, upon the death of her father, King George VI, on 6 February 1952, and was intended by the Queen to be a both a commemoration of her 50 years as monarch and an opportunity for her to officially and personally thank her people for their loyalty.^[1][2] Despite the death of the Queen's sister and mother in February and March, respectively, of 2002, and predictions in the media that the anniversary would be a non-event, the jubilee was marked with large-scale and popular events throughout London in June of the same year, bookended by events throughout the other Commonwealth realms. Elizabeth attended all of the official celebrations as scheduled, along with her husband, Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh; over twelve months, the royal couple journeyed more than 64,000 kilometres (40,000 mi) to the Caribbean, Australia, New Zealand, then around the United Kingdom, and wrapped up the jubilee year in Canada.^[1] Numerous landmarks, parks, buildings, and the like, were also named in honour of the golden jubilee and commemorative medals, stamps, and other symbols were issued.

Jamaica

A trinket pot, sold as memorabilia merchandise for the Golden Jubilee.

Elizabeth's first official engagements related to the Golden Jubilee took place in Jamaica; for the country, the Queen had acceeded in 1952 as monarch of the United Kingdom and became distinctly Queen of Jamaica 10 years later; her tour of the island therefore coincided with the country's 40th anniversary of independence.^[3] She arrived for the celebrations on 18 February 2002, nine days following the death of her sister, Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon. Elizabeth was first welcomed in Montego Bay, after which she travelled to Kingston and stayed at her Jamaican Prime Minister's residence, Jamaica House.

Despite some anti-monarchical sentiment in the country at the time, the Queen and Duke of Edinburgh were "enthusiastically welcomed" by Jamaicans; 57% of those polled said the visit was important to the country and large crowds turned out to see Elizabeth, though there were small protests by Rastifarians seeking reparations for slavery and their repatriation to Africa.^[3] The Queen received an official welcome at King's House, the Governor-General's residence, met with Jamaican veterans of the First World War,^[4] addressed her Jamaican parliament, and visited an underprivileged area of Kingston, known as Trenchtown, viewing urban poverty projects while there.^[3]

New Zealand

Following her tour of Jamaica, the Queen next toured New Zealand, making stops in major cities such as Auckland, Christchurch, and Wellington.

Australia

Queen Elizabeth was then on 27 February received in Adelaide by the Governor-General, Peter Hollingworth. She undertook a five day tour through South Australia and Queensland, which also coincided with that year's Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting in Coolum Beach.^[5]

United Kingdom

Celebrations for Elizabeth II's Golden Jubilee took place throughout the United Kingdom between May and July 2002. In the lead-up to those festive weeks, the British media – the heavily anti-monarchy The Guardian in particular – predicted that the jubilee would be a failure, arguing that Britain was no longer interested in the monarchy; a pervading sense of apathy amongst the populace seemed to confirm this. However, the predictions were proven wrong, especially during the official jubilee weekend, when people numbering in the hundreds of thousands turned out to participate in the fêtes. These festivities culimated in the 4 June event on The Mall in London, when over one million attended the parade and flypast. The Daily Mail stated in its editorial: "How the sour anti-Royalists in The Guardian newspaper and elsewhere have been confounded. They were convinced that the occasion would be a flop, that the House of Windsor was no longer capable of inspiring the loyalties is once did and that anyway the concept of royalty was passe in cool Britannia."^[6]

The funeral cortège of the Queen Mother, which took place in the midst of the Golden Jubilee year.

It was on 3 March that the Queen and the Duke of Edinburgh returned to London from Australia. Eight days later, on Commonwealth Day, the Commonwealth Secretariat unveiled at Buckingham Palace a portrait of Elizabeth, painted by Chinwe Chukwuogo-Roy that had been commissioned to mark the Queen's 50 years as Head of the Commonwealth;^[7] the work now hangs at Marlborough House,^[8][9] with a study kept as part of the Queen's collection at St. James's Palace. At the end of the month, however, Elizabeth was dealt another blow when her mother died on 30 March; the Commonwealth realms observed a period of mourning, and on 9 April, the day of her funeral, more than one million people filled the area outside Westminster Abbey and along the 23-mile (37 km) route from central London to the Queen Mother's final resting place beside her husband and younger daughter in St George's Chapel at Windsor Castle.^[10]

Plans for the Golden Jubilee in the United Kingdom went ahead as planned, and, after a dinner hosted by Tony Blair at 10 Downing Street for her and all her living former British Prime Ministers (Sir John Major, The Lady Thatcher, Sir Edward Heath, and The Lord Callaghan of Cardiff), the Queen officially launched the celebrations in the UK with a speech to both houses of the British parliament at Westminster Hall on 30 April, marking the fifth time in five decades that Elizabeth II addressed her British parliament on her own account. The Queen spoke of 50 unforgettable years and the changes to British life and society in that time, and elaborated that the monarchy must change also; Elizabeth said she had "witnessed the transformation of the international landscape through which [the United Kingdom] must chart its course" and declared her "resolve to continue, with the support of [the Royal Family], to serve the people... to the best of [her] ability through the changing times ahead."

For the Queen's goodwill visits, which commenced on 1 May, two to three days were spent in each corner of England; the Queen and Prince Philip first stopped in Cornwall, Devon, and Somerset before travelling to Tyne and Wear, then finally to Buckinghamshire and Berkshire. On 13 May, the couple were received in Northern Ireland, and visited such areas as County Fermanagh, Cookstown, and Omagh. Then, throughout much of mid-May, the royal couple were in London devoting much time to the promotion of the arts, attending the Chelsea Flower Show, dedicating the Queen's Gallery at Buckingham Palace, and attending a reception at the Royal Academy of Arts. The jubilee trips recommenced on 23 May with a six-day trip to Scotland; the royals first stopped in Glasgow, and then travelled on to Edinburgh, Dundee, and Aberdeen, and, following the jubilee weekend in London, the Queen and Duke of Edinburgh on 7 June toured West Sussex, spent three days in Wales, touring Anglesey, Llanelli, and Cardiff. The next month, the royal couple made two-day trips to the West Midlands, Yorkshire (where the Queen visited the set of the soap opera Emmerdale), and the counties of Suffolk and Norfolk, as well as undertaking a three-day goodwill trip to Liverpool and Manchester, where the Queen opened the 2002 Commonwealth Games. The Queen closed out July by touring the East Midlands, and ended her domestic tour by visiting Lancashire.

Golden Jubilee Weekend

People wave their flags outside Buckingham Palace.

The Golden Jubilee Weekend took place between the June 1 and June 4, 2002, in London.

The Queen and Prince Philip left Scotland on May 29 to make final preparations for the Jubilee Weekend, which would start on June 1. On the night of June 1, a "Prom at the Palace", showcasing highlights in classical music, was held in Buckingham Palace Gardens, the largest venue ever organised on the premises. 12,500 people were invited to attend, out of two million people who expressed interest by completing applications. Playing for the crowds were the BBC Symphony Orchestra and the BBC Symphony Chorus, conducted by Sir Andrew Davis. Guest vocalists included Kiri Te Kanawa, Thomas Allen, Angela Gheorghiu and Roberto Alagna.

June 2 was a Sunday. The Queen and Prince Philip attended Jubilee church services at St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle. The rest of the Queen's family were spread across the country that day: Prince Charles and his sons William and Harry attended services at Swansea; Prince Edward and the Countess of Wessex attended services in Salisbury and later greeted crowds in the area as scheduled; Princess Anne was in Ayr at the time; Prince Andrew was not in the country, as President of the Football Association, he was attending a World Cup football match in Japan.

The events of June 3 culminated in a pop music concert in the evening, in Buckingham Palace Gardens. The concert, called "Party at the Palace", showcased the achievements in pop music over the previous fifty years. The Queen and Prince Philip had spent the day touring Eton and Slough before returning to London in the afternoon. The Queen inaugurated the nationwide BBC Music Live Festival, in which over 200 cities and towns across the UK played the song All You Need Is Love, followed by the ringing of church bells at 1pm. This was the peak day of celebrations, and just like June 7, 1977, street parties were thrown across the country.

The concert was attended by all the members of the immediate British Royal Family, including Prince Andrew, who returned from the World Cup matches in Japan. Among the headlining acts at the concert were Paul McCartney, Eric Clapton, Cliff Richard and Tony Bennett. Queen guitarist Brian May started the event by playing his arrangement of God Save the Queen from the roof of the palace. Paul McCartney ended the night with such numbers as While My Guitar Gently Weeps and Hey Jude, which were performed before and after the Queen lit the National Beacon at the Victoria Memorial. The National Beacon was the last in a string of beacons to be lit in a chain throughout the world, echoing Queen Victoria's own Golden Jubilee in 1887.

12,000 guests were allowed into the Buckingham Palace Gardens for the concert. An additional million people thronged The Mall to watch and listen to the festivities on giant TV screens, and joining in with the Palace audience's singing from outside the gates of Buckingham Palace.

On June 4, the entire Royal Family attended the National Service of Thanksgiving at St Paul's Cathedral, followed by lunch at the Guildhall. Unlike the 1977 Jubilee, which proved to have a theme of unity, the Queen addressed the crowd and expressed pride at the Commonwealth's achievements, both during her reign as Queen and throughout time. The Queen was quoted as saying, "Gratitude, respect and pride, these words sum up how I feel about the people of this country and the Commonwealth - and what this Golden Jubilee means to me."^[11]

Concorde and the Red Arrows ended the flypast over Buckingham Palace on June 4

The Jubilee Festival started procession in The Mall in the early afternoon. In addition to singers and musicians performing for the Queen, numerous floats were decorated and driven through The Mall, illustrating British life through the years of her reign, from the 1950s to the present day. The Festival was also notable for the presence of a Hells Angel named "Snob" (real name Alan Fisher), who led a procession of motorcycles through The Mall at the Queen's request.^{[citation needed]}

At the end of the Festival, 5000 adults and children from the 54 Commonwealth nations marched in The Mall before the Queen, in their various national uniforms, and presented a "rainbow of wishes" to the Queen, consisting of handwritten notes from schoolchildren from across the Commonwealth. Later in the day, the Queen and Prince Philip greeted crowds from the Palace Centre Room's balcony. More than a million people thronged The Mall and cheered the Queen and other members of the Family. The royals then viewed a flypast, consisting of every type of RAF aircraft in service. Concorde and Red Arrows trailed behind the other aircraft, ending the show.

There were also several events which were independently organised to celebrate the Jubilee; for example, in June 2002 the Armed Forces of the United Kingdom staged a special parade for the Queen at Portsmouth, where she inspected a guard of honour. Also, the Queen hosted a banquet for all reigning European Kings and Queens (to most of whom she is related) and also gave a special dinner for all the Governors-General of the other countries where she is Queen.

Numerous locally organised street parties were held throughout Britain. A notable difference with those of 1977 was that some of the most popular venues were cul-de-sacs.

Protest against the monarchy

Approximately 41 activists were arrested in the run-up to a protest against the Queen's Jubilee in London. All but one were later released, and a successful claim for damages was made against the Metropolitan Police.^[12] The protest was partly organised by the Movement Against the Monarchy.

Celebrations in British Crown Dependencies and Overseas Territories

In the Turks and Caicos Islands, a British Overseas Territory, for the first four days of June, celebrations took place throughout the Islands, presided over by Governor Mervyn Jones.

The Public Relations Department of the Tourist Board for the Jubilee Committee produced the Jubilee Souvenir Brochure, with text and images covering historical Royal Visits provided by the National Museum. Only 5,000 were produced, issue number 1 being given to Queen Elizabeth II herself. The Museum also provided photographs for the production of three sets of Stamps, and, for the Jubilee Weekend, prepared a temporary exhibition on Royal Visits, with other items from the past, such as the Coronation Medals issued in to some local residents in 1953. Other items produced to commemorate the Jubilee were a straw crown made on Middle Caicos by Loathie Harvey and Judy Geddis, two 20-crown Coins, and a badge given to all school children as a memento of the historic occasion.^[13]

Canada

The full version of Her Majesty's official Canadian Jubilee portrait.

For twelve days in October, the Queen and Prince Philip visited Canada, making stops in Vancouver, Winnipeg, Toronto, Hamilton, Hull, Fredericton, Sussex, Moncton and Ottawa. The trip was also unique in that it was the first royal visit to Iqaluit since the territory of Nunavut was established.

In Nunavut, on October 4, the Queen opened, and addressed, the new Legislative Assembly, stating "I am proud to be the first member of the Canadian Royal Family to be greeted in Canada's newest territory."^[15] After a walk-about in the Iqaluit streets, the Queen unveiled a street sign for Iqaluit's main street, named in her honour.

The Queen then flew to Victoria, British Columbia, where she was greeted by the province's Lieutenant Governor, spending most of the weekend there, though performing no official duties on the Saturday. On Sunday she attended Christ Church Cathedral, performing an unscheduled walk-about after the service. She later unveiled a stained glass window in the provincial Legislature, marking her Golden Jubilee. Outside the Snowbirds performed an acrobatic fly-by, for an audience of 16,000.

In Vancouver, on October 6, the Queen, accompanied by Wayne Gretzky, and in front of a crowd of 18,000, dropped the ceremonial puck at the beginning of a Vancouver Canucks NHL hockey game. This was the first time any reigning monarch, Canadian or otherwise, had performed this task. She and Prince Philip then watched the first period of the game from the Royal Box – the first time she had done so since her first hockey game at Maple Leaf Gardens in 1951.^[16]

In Winnipeg the Queen performed a walk-about at the Forks. She also re-dedicated the newly restored Golden Boy statue atop the Manitoba Legislative Building. Her Majesty attended an evening performance of the Royal Winnipeg Ballet, accompanied by the Winnipeg Symphony Orchestra and Loreena McKennitt.^[17]

On October 9, the Royal Couple arrived in Toronto, being welcomed to the province by the Lieutenant Governor and by thousands of Ontarians. The Queen was also greeted later on at a reception at Exhibition Place, highlighting the advance of Ontario over the previous 50 years. On October 11 the Queen visited Sheridan College, and later traveled to Hamilton, Ontario where, at Copps Coliseum, the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders of Canada were presented with their new colours by the Queen as their Colonel-in-Chief. Later she, accompanied by Prince Philip, attended a reception at the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation's Toronto headquarters to celebrate its 50th anniversary, viewing exhibits, and being amused by a video display which showed her earlier tours of Canada in the 1950s. Following that the couple attended a gala concert at Roy Thomson Hall where Oscar Peterson, Evelyn Hart, Rex Harrington, Cirque du Soleil, The Tragically Hip, and others performed.^[18]

The tour continued to the Maritime provinces, with the Queen and her husband arriving in New Brunswick, where thousands greeted them at the provincial Government House. They only spent 25 hours in the maritimes, flying from Fredericton to Moncton by helicopter for a luncheon in Dieppe, New Brunswick to celebrate the town's 50th anniversary.^[19]

The Queen's official logo for her Golden Jubilee as Queen of Canada.

From the east coast the Royal Couple flew westwards again to the national capital, Ottawa, where they were greeted by then Deputy Prime Minister John Manley, who had earlier, on the day of the Queen's arrival in Canada, caused controversy by stating Canada should become a republic. The day following, October 13, a multi-faith Thanksgiving celebration was held on Parliament Hill for about 3,500 people, and the Queen laid a wreath at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier. A state dinner was held at the Canadian Museum of Civilization, in Gatineau, Quebec, that evening. She there said: "[I wish] to express my profound gratitude to all Canadians... for the loyalty, encouragement and support you have given to me over these past 50 years." As her motorcade traveled across the Ottawa river into Quebec, about 100 protesters yelled obscenities at the Queen in French, waving Quebec flags and chanting "We want a country, not a monarchy." It was the only protest during the Jubilee tour.^[20][21]

On the last full day of the tour, The Queen attended, as Honorary Commissioner, a performance of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police's Musical Ride. Her final major event in Canada was a lunch at Rideau Hall for fifty distinguished Canadians – one from each year of Elizabeth's reign. The Queen also planted another tree on the grounds of her Canadian residence, and met with members of the Royal Commonwealth Society.^[22]

The Queen and Prince Philip departed Canada on October 15.

Celebrations outside the Commonwealth realms

Golden Jubilee celebrations continued outside of the Commonwealth. In the United States, New York City lit the Empire State Building in purple and gold,^[23] and New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg and officials at the British Consulate in New York City said that it was a sign of saying thank you to the Queen for having the American national anthem played at Buckingham Palace during the Changing of the Guard, just 2 days after September 11, 2001, as well as the support the people in Britain gave afterwards. It had been more than 10 years since the Empire State Building gave an honour to somebody not from the United States, the previous occasion being Nelson Mandela's visit to New York following his release from prison in 1990.

Monuments and souveniers

Before, during, and after the jubilee year, souveniers were created, monuments unveiled, and public works named in commemoration of the royal event. In Canada, the Governor-in-Council earmarked $CAD 250,000 as a donation in the Queen's name to the Dominion Institute's Memory Project, aimed at educating Canadian youth on the experiences and contributions of the country's veterans from the First World War through to modern peacekeeping missions.^[24] The provinces also marked the milestone; the Ontario Governor-in-Council, on the advice of his Premier, approved the renaming of Dalton Digby Wildlands Provincial Park as the Queen Elizabeth II Wildlands Provincial Park.^[25]

A special £5 coin was released in the United Kingdom to celebrate the event.

Result

In retrospective analysis, it was argued that the jubilee had been of benefit both to nationalism and the monarchy; the Daily Mail stated: "Below and in front of her an event as magical and magnificent as the Golden Jubilee itself was unfurling before her captivated eyes – Britain was rediscovering the land of hope and glory,"^[26] and the Globe and Mail said: "When she daintily bent over to drop a puck at an NHL game... she achieved perhaps the most brilliant melding of symbolism in Canadian history... The Jumbotron in Vancouver's GM Place said it all, flashing the Queen's golden EIIR cypher on the giant screen atop the beer advertisement: "I am Canadian." The crowd went hysterical."^[27]

See also

• Queen Elizabeth II Golden Jubilee Medal
• Silver Jubilee of Elizabeth II

Footnotes

External links

• Buckingham Palace website on the Golden Jubilee
• BBC website on the Golden Jubilee
• Department of Canadian Heritage: Golden Jubilee, a Canadian Celebration
• CBC website on the Golden Jubilee
• Archives of Ontario celebrates the Queen's Golden Jubilee
• Town of Markham, Ontario: Golden Jubilee, The Fiftieth Anniversary of the Reign of Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II

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