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Golgi cell

 
Sci-Tech Dictionary: Golgi cell
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(′göl·jē ′sel)

(neuroscience) A nerve cell with long axons. A nerve cell with short axons that branch repeatedly and terminate near the cell body.

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Medical Dictionary: Golgi cell
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n.

A neuron with short dendrites and with either a long axon or an axon that breaks into processes a short distance from the cell body.

WordNet: Golgi's cell
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The noun has one meaning:

Meaning #1: a neuron in the cerebral cortex with short dendrites and with either a long axon or a short axon that ramifies in the gray matter
  Synonym: Golgi cell

Wikipedia: Golgi cell
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Neuron: Golgi cell
Golgi cell - Microcircuitry of the cerebellum. Excitatory synapses are denoted by (+) and inhibitory synapses by (-).MF: Mossy fiber.DCN: Deep cerebellar nuclei.IO: Inferior olive.CF: Climbing fiber.GC: Granule cell.PF: Parallel fiber.PC: Purkinje cell.GgC: Golgi cell.SC: Stellate cell.BC: Basket cell.
Microcircuitry of the cerebellum. Excitatory synapses are denoted by (+) and inhibitory synapses by (-).
MF: Mossy fiber.
DCN: Deep cerebellar nuclei.
IO: Inferior olive.
CF: Climbing fiber.
GC: Granule cell.
PF: Parallel fiber.
PC: Purkinje cell.
GgC: Golgi cell.
SC: Stellate cell.
BC: Basket cell.
NeuroLex ID nifext_129
Dorlands/Elsevier 12223524
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In neuroscience, Golgi cells are inhibitory interneurons found within the granular layer of the cerebellum. These cells synapse onto the soma of granule cells and unipolar brush cells. They receive excitatory input from mossy fibres, also synapsing on granule cells, and parallel fibers, which are long granule cell axons. Thereby this circuitry allows for feed-forward and feed-back inhibition of granule cells.

The main synapse made by these cells is a synapse onto the mossy fibre - granule cell excitatory synapse in a glomerulus. The glomerulus is made up of the mossy fibre terminal, granule cell dendrites, the golgi terminal and is enclosed by a glial coat.[1] The golgi cell acts by altering the mossy fibre - granule cell synapse.

The golgi cells use GABA as their transmitter. The basal level of GABA produces a postsynaptic leak conductance by tonically activating alpha 6-containing GABA-A receptors on the granule cell.[2][3][4] These high-affinity receptors are located both synaptically and extrasynaptically on the granule cell. The synaptic receptors mediate phasic contraction, duration of around 20-30ms whereas the extrasynapatic receptors mediate tonic inhibition of around 200ms, and are activated by synapse spill over.[5]

Additionally the GABA acts on GABA-B receptors which are located presynaptically on the mossy fibre terminal. These inhibit the mossy fibre evoked EPSCs of the granule cell in a temperature and frequency dependent manner. At high mossy firing frequency (10Hz) there is no effect of GABA acting on presynaptic GABA-B receptors on evoked EPSCs. However, at low (1Hz) firing the GABA does have an effect on the EPSCs mediated via these presynaptic GABA-B receptors.

References

  1. ^ R. L. Jakab and J. Hámori (1988). "Quantitative morphology and synaptology of cerebellar glomeruli in the rat". Anatomy and Embryology 179 (1): 81–88. doi:10.1007/BF00305102. PMID 3213958. http://www.springerlink.com/content/qtu8wn5xk408141g/. 
  2. ^ Brickley SG, Cull-Candy SG, Farrant M (1996). "Development of a tonic form of synaptic inhibition in rat cerebellar granule cells resulting from persistent activation of GABAA receptors". J Physiol (Lond) 497: 753–759. PMID 9003560. 
  3. ^ Tia S, Wang JF, Kotchabhakdi N, Vicini S (June 1, 1996). "Developmental changes of inhibitory synaptic currents in cerebellar granule neurons: role of GABAA receptor alpha 6 subunit" (abstract). Journal of Neuroscience 16 (11): 3630–3640. PMID 8642407. http://www.jneurosci.org/cgi/content/abstract/16/11/3630. 
  4. ^ Wall MJ, Usowicz MM (1997). "Development of action potential-dependent and independent spontaneous GABAA receptor-mediated currents in granule cells of postnatal rat cerebellum". European Journal of Neuroscience 9: 533–548. doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.1997.tb01630.x. PMID 9104595. 
  5. ^ Nusser Z, Sieghart W, Somogyi P (March 1, 1998). "Segregation of different GABAA receptors to synaptic and extrasynaptic membranes of cerebellar granule cells" (abstract). Journal of Neuroscience 18 (5): 1693–1703. PMID 9464994. http://www.jneurosci.org/cgi/content/abstract/18/5/1693. 

External links

v • d • e
Human brain, rhombencephalon, metencephalon: cerebellum (TA 14.1.07, GA 9.788)
Surface anatomy
Grey matter

Molecular layer (Stellate cell, Basket cell)

Purkinje cell layer (Purkinje cell, Bergmann glia cell = Golgi epithelial cell)

Granule cell layer (Golgi cell, Granule cell, Unipolar brush cell)

Fibers: Mossy fibers · Climbing fiber · Parallel fiber
White matter
Internal
Peduncles


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Wikipedia. This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Golgi cell".  Read more