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Gosplan SSSR (Gosudarstvenny planovy komitet SSSR - the State Planning Committee of the USSR), the core state committee of the Soviet economic bureaucracy, was created in 1921. During the first Five-Year Plan (1928 - 1932) Valerian Kuybyshev headed Gosplan. Gosplan was responsible for executing the directives of the Council of Ministries, translating general directives into operational plans for the ministries, and advising the Council of Ministries on a wide range of issues. Gosplan planned for the ministries, not for enterprises, although some large enterprises were planned directly by Gosplan. Gosplan communicated extensively with the ministries in the process of drafting the plan. It was subdivided into industrial departments, such as coal, ferrous metals, and machine building, and also had summary departments, such as finance, to deal with functions that crossed functional bodies. The early recognition of Gosplan's importance came in 1925 and 1926, when it began to prepare the annual preliminary plan targets, or so-called control figures. During the 1930s the principle of guidance of economic policy on an annual basis was established, although much publicity was devoted to nonoperational five-year plans. Annual plans, including production and financial targets, so-called promfinplany, were drawn up sector by sector. By 1926 and 1927, promfinplany that were originated by ministries became dependent on the control figures. Formally, the plan era began in 1928 with the First Five-Year Plan for intensive economic growth. The Five-Year Plan was a comprehensive plan that set the major economic goals for a five-year period. The five-year goals were not put into operation in the shorter-term operational plans. Once the Soviet regime stipulated the plan figures, all levels of the economy from individual enterprises to the national level were theoretically obliged to meet those goals ("The plan is the law"). During the period from 1928 to 1932, the basic principles of Soviet planning were established. Gosplan was to be the central coordinating body to which all other planning bodies were to submit their proposals. The control figures would provide the general direction for the economy. The actual detailed operational plans for enterprises (promfinplany) were to conform to the control figures. Materials were to be allocated through a system of balances, which would elaborate the sources and uses of basic industrial materials. The long-term planning horizon was set at five years, the average period required for the completion of investment projects. Operational plans were prepared in cooperation with the planning departments of ministries, the most important of which were the all-union ministries. In day-to-day operations, inter-ministry cooperation was limited in such matters as equipment delivery and construction planning. Soviet law gave Gosplan substantial responsibilities concerning supply planning. Gosplan was charged with preparing and confirming plans for the distribution of production among ministries. It was Gosplan who prepared general material limits (limityu) for the ministries. Later these material limits would be broken down into product profiles by the State Committee for Material Technical Supply, Gossnab, which was formed in 1947 to assist in supply planning. Gosplan remained the primary planning body of the Soviet Union until its collapse in December 1991.
Bibliography
Gregory, Paul R., and Stuart, Robert C. (2001). Russian and Soviet Economic Performance and Structure. Boston, MA: Addison Wesley.
Hewett, Edward A. (1988). Reforming the Soviet Economy: Equality Versus Efficiency. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution.
—PAUL R. GREGORY
| Wikipedia: Gosplan |
Gosplan or State Planning Committee (Russian: Госпла́н, Russian pronunciation: [ɡɐsˈplan]) was the committee responsible for economic planning in the Soviet Union. The word "Gosplan" is an abbreviation for Gosudarstvennyi Komitet po Planirovaniyu (Russian: Государственный комитет по планированию, State Committee for Planning). One of its main duties was the creation of Five-Year Plans.
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The body was formed on February 22, 1921 as the "RSFSR State Planning Commission", by decree of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic's Sovnarkom. The GOELRO plan, the first large-scale Soviet plan to recover the Russian economy, was first to put Gosplan to the test. After the creation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on August 21, 1923, the USSR State Planning Commission of the USSR Council of Labour and Defence (СТО СССР, Совет Труда и Обороны СССР) was established. The abbreviation "Gosplan" has been in use since 1921.
Initially Gosplan had an advisory role. Its primary objective was the co-ordination of the economic plans of Union republics and the creation of the common Union plan. In 1925 Gosplan started creating annual economic plans, known as "control numbers" (контрольные цифры). who had worked on issues to do with electrification in 1920.
Its work was coordinated with the USSR Central Statistical Directorate (центральное статистическое управление СССР), the Narkomat of Finance, and the All-Union Council of State Economy (ВСНХ), and later with Gosbank and Gossnab.
With the introduction of five year plans in 1928, Gosplan became responsible for their creation and supervision according to the outlines set out by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.
In 1930 the Statistical Directorate was merged into Gosplan, and on February 3, 1931 Gosplan was resubordinated to the Sovnarkom.
In May 1955 Gosplan was split into two commissions: the USSR Council of Ministers State Commission for Perspective Planning (Государственная комиссия СМ СССР по перспективному планированию, USSR Gosplan), and the USSR Council of Ministers Economic Commission for Immediate State Economic Planning (Государственнaая экономическая комиссия СМ СССР по текущему планированию народного хозяйства, Госэкономкомиссия СССР). These were, respectively, tasked with predictive and immediate planning. The work of the latter was based on the five-year plans delivered by Gosplan, with Gosplan planning 10–15 years ahead.
Gosplan was headquartered at the building now occupied by the State Duma, in Moscow.
In May 1921, with the introduction of the New Economic Policy, Gosplan's Council of labour and Defense set up the Regionalisation Committee, tasked with developing a concrete plan for the economic-administrative organisation of the RSFSR. Largely composed of technical staff - professional engineers and economists from imperialist days, it was led by Ivan Gavrilovich Alexandrov, former member of the State Commission for the Electrification of Russia, but not however a member of the Bolshevik Party. The commission looked at alternatives to ethno-territorial regionalisation, discussing the issue with the People's Commissariat of Agriculture, the Central Statistical Directorate and the Supreme Soviet (VTsIK) Administrative Commission.[1]
| Name | Dates | Leader(s) Served Under | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Took Office | Left Office | ||
| State Planning Commission | |||
| Gleb Krzhizhanovsky (1st term) | August 13, 1921 | December 11, 1923 | Vladimir Lenin |
| Alexander Tsuryupa | December 11, 1923 | November 18, 1925 | Vladimir Lenin, Joseph Stalin |
| Gleb Krzhizhanovsky (2nd term) | November 18, 1925 | November 10, 1930 | Joseph Stalin |
| Valerian Kuibyshev | November 10, 1930 | April 25, 1934 | Joseph Stalin |
| Valery Mezhlauk (1st term) | April 25, 1934 | February 25, 1937 | Joseph Stalin |
| Gennady Smirnov | February 25, 1937 | October 17, 1937 | Joseph Stalin |
| Valery Mezhlauk (2nd term) | October 17, 1937 | December 1, 1937 | Joseph Stalin |
| Nikolai Voznesensky (1st term) | January 19, 1938 | March 10, 1941 | Joseph Stalin |
| Maksim Saburov (1st term) | March 10, 1941 | December 8, 1942 | Joseph Stalin |
| Nikolai Voznesensky (2nd term) | December 8, 1942 | January 9, 1948 | Joseph Stalin |
| State Planning Committee | |||
| Nikolai Voznesensky | January 9, 1948 | March 5, 1949 | Joseph Stalin |
| Maksim Saburov (2nd term) | March 5, 1949 | March 5, 1953 | Joseph Stalin |
| Grigory Kosyachenko | March 5, 1953 | June 29, 1953 | Georgy Malenkov |
| Maksim Saburov (3rd term) | June 29, 1953 | May 25, 1955 | Georgy Malenkov |
| State Commission for Advance Planning of the National Economy | |||
| Nikolai Baibakov (1st term) | May 25, 1955 | May 3, 1957 | Georgy Malenkov, Nikita Khrushchev |
| Iosif Kuzmin | May 3, 1957 | May 10, 1957 | Nikita Khrushchev |
| State Planning Committee | |||
| Iosif Kuzmin | May 10, 1957 | March 20, 1959 | Nikita Khrushchev |
| Aleksei Kosygin | March 20, 1959 | May 4, 1960 | Nikita Khrushchev |
| Vladimir Novikov | May 4, 1960 | July 17, 1962 | Nikita Khrushchev |
| Veniamin Dymshits | July 17, 1962 | November 24, 1962 | Nikita Khrushchev |
| Pyotr Lomako | November 24, 1962 | October 2, 1965 | Nikita Khrushchev, Leonid Brezhnev |
| Nikolai Baibakov (2nd term) | October 2, 1965 | October 14, 1985 | Leonid Brezhnev, Yuri Andropov, |
| Nikolai Talyzin | October 14, 1985 | February 5, 1988 | Mikhail Gorbachev |
| Yuri Maslyukov | February 5, 1988 | April 1, 1991 | Mikhail Gorbachev |
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