The Grand Mufti of Jerusalem is the Sunni Muslim cleric in charge of Jerusalem's Islamic holy places, including the Al-Aqsa Mosque.[1]
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History
Ottoman era
The first Qadi, Mohammed Tahir al-Husayni, was appointed by the Ottoman Empire, which administered Palestine from the 1840s.
When Tahir al-Husayni died in 1908, his son Kamil al-Husayni succeeded him and served with approval of the British authorities once the British gained control of Jerusalem. However, during World War I, the Ottoman Empire claimed that al-Husayni was a British stooge and that As'ad Shuqeiri-who was appointed by the Ottoman Empire as the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem 1914-1918-was the rightful Grand Mufti. Shuqeiri was the father of Ahmad Shukeiri (1908-1980), the first leader of the Palestine Liberation Organisation.
British Mandate
The Grand Mufti of Jerusalem was a position appointed by the British Mandate authorities.
When Kamil al-Husayni died in 1921, the British High Commissioner Herbert Samuel appointed his half-brother Mohammad Amin al-Husayni to the position. Amin al-Husayni, a member of the al-Husayni clan of Jerusalem, was a Palestinian Arab nationalist and Muslim leader in the British Mandate of Palestine. As Grand Mufti, as well as the other influential positions that he held during this period, al-Husayni played a key role in violent opposition to Zionism. In 1937, Amin al-Husayni fled into exile anticipating an arrest for anti-British activities, and did not return to Palestine.
During the years of World War II he was involved in recruiting Arab support for Nazi Germany. He died in exile in Cairo in 1974.
In 1948, after Jordan occupied Jerusalem, Abdullah I of Jordan officially removed al-Husayni from the post, banned him from entering Jerusalem, and appointed Hussam Al-din Jarallah as Grand Mufti. When Jarallah died in 1954, no Grand Mufti was appointed until 1993.
Palestinian Authority
In 1993, with the transfer of increased control of Muslim holy sites in Jerusalem from Israel to the Palestinians, Palestine Liberation Organization chairman Yasser Arafat appointed Sulaiman Ja'abari as Grand Mufti. When he died in 1994, Arafat appointed Ekrima Sa'id Sabri. Sabri was removed in 2006 by Palestinian National Authority president Mahmoud Abbas, who was concerned that Sabri was involved too heavily in political matters.[2] Abbas appointed Muhammad Ahmad Hussein, who was perceived as a political moderate. However, shortly after his appointment, Hussein made comments which suggested that suicide bombing was an acceptable tactic for Palestinians to use against Israel.[2]
List of Qadi and Grand Mufti of Jerusalem
- Shihab ad-Din Abulabbas al-Omawi al-Masri ? to 1440
- Mohammed Tahir al-Husayni from the 1860s to 1908
- Kamil al-Husayni from 1908 to 1921 (during World War I (1914–1918), the Ottoman Empire claimed that As'ad Shuqeiri was the Grand Mufti)
- Mohammad Amin al-Husayni from 1921 to 1948[citation needed]
- Hussam Al-din Jarallah from 1948 to 1954
Vacant - 1954 to 1993 - Sulaiman Ja'abari from 1993 to 1994
- Ekrima Sa'id Sabri from October 1994 to July 2006
- Muhammad Ahmad Hussein from July 2006 to the present
See also
References
- ^ Friedman, Robert I. (2001-12-06). "And Darkness Covered the Land". The Nation. http://www.thenation.com/doc/20011224/friedman. Retrieved 2007-09-13.
- ^ a b Yaniv Berman, "Top Palestinian Muslim Cleric Okays Suicide Bombings", Media Line, 23 October 2006.
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