Griko language
| Griko Κατωιταλιώτικα Katoitaliótika |
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| Spoken in: | Italy, Greece | |
| Region: | Southern, east of Reggio, Salento and Aspromonte | |
| Total speakers: | 20,000 (1987 Vincent in B. Comrie) | |
| Language family: | Indo-European Greek Doric Griko |
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| Language codes | ||
| ISO 639-1: | - | |
| ISO 639-2: | - (B) | - (T) |
| ISO 639-3: | - | |
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| Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. | ||
Griko, sometimes spelled Grico, is a Modern Greek dialect which is spoken by people in the Magna Graecia region in southern Italy and Sicily, and it is otherwise known as the Grecanic language. Greeks often call the dialect Katoitaliótika (Greek: Κατωιταλιώτικα, "Southern Italian") and sometimes Calabrian, although the latter may also serve as an euphemism for a Greek-Italian pidgin language.
Two small Griko-speaking communities survive today in the Italian regions of Calabria (Province of Reggio Calabria) and Puglia (peninsula of Salento). The Griko-speaking area of Salento comprises nine small towns in the Grecìa Salentina region (Calimera, Martano, Castrignano de' Greci, Corigliano d'Otranto, Melpignano, Soleto, Sternatia, Zollino, Martignano), with a total of 40,000 inhabitants. The Calabrian Griko region also consists of nine villages in Bovesia, and four districts in the city of Reggio Calabria, but its population is significantly smaller.
The most prevalent theory on the origin of Griko is the one by Gerhard Rohlfs and G. Hatzidakis, stating that Griko's roots go as back in history as the time of the ancient Greek colonisation of Southern Italy and Sicily, in the 8th century BC. In that respect, this Southern Italian dialect is the last living trace of the Greek elements that once formed Magna Graecia. This theory is backed by evidence regarding the multitude of Doric words and other ancient Greek items of vocabulary in Griko. Griko, just like Tsakonian (a Southern Greek dialect), hails from the Doric branch of the Ancient Greek language and has evolved independently from Hellenistic Koine (from where Modern Greek Koine stems). However Griko and Common Modern Greek are mutually intelligible to some extent.
There is rich oral tradition and Griko folklore. Griko songs, music and poetry are particularly popular in Italy and Greece. Famous music groups from Salento include Ghetonia and Aramirè. Also, influential Greek artists such as Dionysis Savvopoulos and Maria Farantouri have performed in Griko.
The Italian parliament has recognized the Griko community of Salento as an
ethnic and linguistic
Sample Griko text
from "Kalinifta", a popular Griko song:
Griko
- Εβώ πάντα σε σένα πενσέω,
- γιατί σένα φσυχή μου 'γαπώ,
- τσαι που πάω, που σύρνω, που στέω
- στην καρδιά μου πάντα σένα βαστώ.
transliteration:
- Evo panta se sena pensèo,
- yiatì sena fsihi mou ghapò,
- Tse pou pao, pou syrno, pou steo
- stin kardià mou panta sena bastò.
Modern Greek
- Εγώ πάντα εσένα σκέφτομαι,
- γιατί εσένα ψυχή μου αγαπώ,
- και όπου πάω, όπου σέρνομαι, όπου στέκω,
- στην καρδιά μου πάντα εσένα βαστώ.
transliteration:
- Ego panta esena skeftome,
- yiatì esena psihi mou aghapò,
- ke opou pao, opou sernome, opou stekome
- stin kardià mou panta esena bastò.
See also
External links
- Grika milume! An online Griko community
- Enosi Griko, Coordination of Grecìa Salentina Associations
- Grecìa Salentina official site (in Italian)
- Salento Griko (in Italian)
- [1] English-Griko dictionary
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