
[Middle English, from Old English, fierce, severe.]
grimly grim'ly adv.
adjective
Definition: hopeless, horrible in manner, appearance
Antonyms: bright, cheerful, happy, hopeful, joyful, sunny
Several names of prehistoric landscape features such as earthworks, hill forts, and flint mines, include the element ‘Grim-’. The name Grimsditch occurs in eleven counties (in some, more than once); Grimsbury twice; Grime's Graves, Grimspound, and Grim's Hill once each. Presumably this Grim was a supernatural entity—perhaps Woden, since his Scandinavian equivalent, Odin, had ‘Grimr’ as a secondary name, and since the massive earthwork Wansdyke (Wiltshire) was undoubtedly named for him. However, there is also an Anglo-Saxon noun grima, meaning ‘goblin’ or ‘spectre’, so the situation is not clear-cut. Jennifer Westwood suggests that ‘it is a question of scale’, awe-inspiring features being ascribed to the god, small ones to the goblin (Westwood, 1985: 69-72).
The chapbook Life of Robin Goodfellow (1628) has among its characters a ‘Fairy Grim’ who boasts that he frightens many people by crying like a screech-owl at sick men's windows, that some call him the Black Dog of Newgate, and that when young people are making merry he comes in ‘in some feareful shape’ to scare them away and steal their food. The Yorkshire ‘church grim’ lurked inside the building, but would ‘maraud abroad’ in stormy weather; it might toll the death-knell at midnight, and peer from a window during funerals, showing by its expression whether the dead person was saved or damned (Wright, 1913: 194). It also sometimes showed itself as a death warning, in the form of a black dog.
No lot is so hard, no aspect of things is so grim, but it relaxes before a hearty laugh.
— G. S. Merriam.
Tutor's tip: A lion can be "grim" (fierce or cruel) while it is hunting a "grimme" (a kind of small antelope). Note: "Grime" is dirt that is usually on someone or something.
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| Grid, Gri, Greek alphabet, The | |
| Grn, Gro, Grotthus and Draper law |
Dansk (Danish)
adj. - grum, uhyggelig, barsk, grusom, ubarmhjertig
idioms:
Nederlands (Dutch)
akelig, onheilspellend, genadeloos
Français (French)
adj. - sinistre, effroyable, dur, acharné, terrible, grave (une expression), très mauvais (une nourriture), malade, ne pas se sentir bien, ne pas avoir le moral, macabre (un humour)
idioms:
Deutsch (German)
adj. - grimmig, streng, grausam, trostlos
idioms:
Ελληνική (Greek)
adj. - φρικαλέος, βλοσυρός, σκυθρωπός, αγριωπός, απειλητικός, σκληρός, μακάβριος
idioms:
Italiano (Italian)
spaventoso, spiacevole, accanito
idioms:
Português (Portuguese)
adj. - severo, implacável, cruel, horrível
idioms:
Русский (Russian)
грозный, мрачный, непреклонный
idioms:
Español (Spanish)
adj. - espeluznante, escalofriante, desagradable, inflexible, inexorable, feroz, severo
idioms:
Svenska (Swedish)
adj. - hård, sträng, barsk, otrevlig
中文(简体)(Chinese (Simplified))
冷酷的, 可怕的, 残忍的
idioms:
中文(繁體)(Chinese (Traditional))
adj. - 冷酷的, 可怕的, 殘忍的
idioms:
한국어 (Korean)
adj. - 엄한, 불굴의, 험상 궂은, 잔혹한
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日本語 (Japanese)
adj. - 厳しい, 断固とした, 厳然たる, 気味の悪い, ものすごい, 残酷な
idioms:
العربيه (Arabic)
(صفه) شرس, , ضار, متجهم
עברית (Hebrew)
adj. - אכזרי, מפחיד, שטני, נורא, רע, בלתי-נלאה
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