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Grosse Pointe refers to an area of Metro Detroit, Michigan, United States that comprises five upscale adjacent individual communities. From southwest to northeast, they are:
The terms "Grosse Pointe" or "the Pointes" are ordinarily used to refer to the entire area, referencing all five upscale individual communities, with a total population of about 50,000. The Grosse Pointes altogether are about twelve square miles, bordered by Detroit on the south and west, Lake St. Clair on the east and south, Harper Woods on the west of some portions, and St. Clair Shores on the north. The cities are in eastern Wayne County. The Pointes are between six and twelve miles (19 km) east and north of downtown Detroit.
Grosse Pointe is one of the most affluent suburban areas in Metro Detroit, sharing a border with northeast Detroit neighborhoods, some of which are affluent themselves, and some of which are depressed. Grosse Pointe has many famous estates. The Russell Alger, Jr., House, at 32 Lake Shore Dr., serves as the Grosse Pointe War Memorial and is open for public tours. The Edsel and Eleanor Ford House, at 1100 Lake Shore Drive, is also open for public tours. On the coast of Lake St. Clair, the area has a waterfront allure. Downtown Grosse Pointe, along Kercheval Avenue from Neff to Cadieux, nicknamed "The Village," is considered by many to be the central downtown for all five of the Grosse Pointes, although each of them (except Grosse Pointe Shores) has several blocks of retail. Downtown Detroit is just over seven miles (11 km) west of this downtown area, accessed by Jefferson Avenue, or several other cross-streets.
The Grosse Pointes have been a settled area since the late 18th century, but most of their development came early in the 20th century. The slender area along Lake St. Clair is often divided on a north-south basis, basically coinciding with the boundaries of the two high schools. The southern areas (basically south and west of Moross Road) feature housing and retail districts that are generally older and more densely organized than those in the north.
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Newspapers and community organizations generally serve all five cities, as do the public library and school system, but municipal services are separate. The Grosse Pointe News, on a weekly basis, and the Grosse Pointe Times, on a semi-weekly basis, publish local news, though the Detroit Free Press and The Detroit News provide the majority of regional, national and international news.
Each city has at least one municipal park along Lake St. Clair. The landlocked Grosse Pointe Woods has its park at the southern tip of St. Clair Shores, adjacent to Grosse Pointe Shores. Access to each of these parks is restricted to residents of its municipality, causing occasional controversy among residents of both Grosse Pointe and other neighborhoods in Metro Detroit. Jefferson Avenue, a major thoroughfare in Detroit, becomes Lakeshore Drive between Grosse Pointe Farms and Grosse Pointe Shores, and is the scenic carriageway of all five Grosse Pointes, after skirting the eastern neighborhoods of Detroit. Lakeshore Drive was featured on HGTV's television program Dream Drives and in the film Grosse Pointe Blank..
The region is home to University Liggett School, Michigan's oldest independent school, and two high schools: Grosse Pointe South High School and Grosse Pointe North High School, which are the termini of the Grosse Pointe Public School System.
Grosse Pointe Farms is home to "The Hill" district, located on a small bluff, which includes offices, stores, restaurants and the main branch of the public library. "The Village", a four-block strip of Kercheval Avenue in Grosse Pointe, is a larger and more retail-focused shopping district. The Village is seeing planned investment from private developers, as areas once used for surface parking are being developed into new mixed-use buildings (more information at the Grosse Pointe page). Near its "Cabbage Patch" rental district, Grosse Pointe Park has retail and restaurants on multiple cross-streets, as well as a farmer's market held weekly during the warm months. Grosse Pointe Woods' main business district lies along one of its main roads, Mack Avenue.
Grosse Pointe has been, at various stages, a backcountry colonial outpost, a vacation destination for 19th century Detroiters, a fertile area for small orchard owners and farmers, a locale chosen for early 20th century mansions, and, ultimately, an increasingly diverse area with a historic reputation of gentility.
The Grosse Pointes were first settled by French farmers in the 1750s after hostilities between Native American tribes and the French occupiers of Fort Pontchartrain. Members of the British empire began arriving around the time of the Revolutionary War. In the 1800s Grosse Pointe continued to be the site of lakefront ribbon farms (which are long narrow farms that each adjoin the lake, useful for irrigation and early transportation needs). Beginning in the 1850s, wealthy residents of Detroit began building second homes in the Grosse Pointe area, and soon afterwards, hunting, fishing, and golf clubs appeared. Some permanent mansions were built in the late 1800s, and with the dawn of the automobile after 1900, Grosse Pointe became a commuter suburb in addition to a playground for wealthy Detroiters. Most of the southern and western areas of Grosse Pointe were filled with permanent single family homes by 1930, with remaining gaps and the northern sections such as Grosse Pointe Woods developing between the Great Depression and the 1960s.
A passenger rail line that connected Detroit to Mt. Clemens along the shore was operational by the late 1890s, making Grosse Pointe more accessible to day-trippers from the city. As the automobile became the primary method of transportation, the shore road was improved, the rail line was decommissioned, and the lakefront itself was largely contained by concrete. The lakeside estates already accessible from Jefferson Avenue in the Park and City did not fall victim to the need for a dedicated shore transportation route, and continued to extend to the lakefront.
Over the course of the 20th century, Grosse Pointe was recognized as a notable Midwestern suburb; the wealth of a booming Detroit, recreational activities afforded by the Great Lakes waterway, an international border with Canada, and a focus on quality of education contributed to the successful development of the region.
The Great Depression, however, brought changes. The institution of higher income taxes on the very wealthy, as well as the cost of estate upkeep, resulted in the closing of many large homes, usually with a sale to developers. When sold, the large estate houses were typically demolished and the land divided to accommodate several smaller, more modern, residences. Even as the process of subdivision of estates took place, Grosse Pointe continued to grow and flourish with the steady construction of more modest homes off the lake. The region is now completely developed, and rare construction of modern homes generally necessitates the demolition of older properties.
Many members of the Ford family, including Edsel Ford (son of Henry Ford) and his wife, Eleanor Clay Ford, as well as Henry Ford II (grandson of Henry Ford), have held homes in Grosse Pointe.
Indicative of the lifestyle historically associated with Grosse Pointe, the region is home to many private clubs. The Country Club of Detroit in Grosse Pointe Farms features a notable classic course, tennis, and traditional amenities. The Grosse Pointe Yacht Club, at the intersection Eight Mile Road (which is named Vernier Rd. as it runs through Grosse Pointe Woods and Grosse Pointe Shores) and Lakeshore Dr. on Lake St. Clair is an acclaimed boating club. The Grosse Pointe Club, also called the "Little Club," is a highly exclusive, historic club on the lakefront, on a site where wealthy Detroiters and Grosse Pointers have gathered for recreation since the 19th century when Grosse Pointe was a cottage-town. The Lochmoor Club is another club in Grosse Pointe which has an expansive golf course and other amenities. The Hunt Club is the equestrian club of Grosse Pointe. It houses an impressive number of horses and stables for the suburban area.
There are fifteen recognized Michigan historical markers in the Grosse Pointes.[1]
Grosse Pointe has been frequently referenced in television, film and literature, often as an icon of wealth and luxury. Grosse Pointe is known for a very preppy lifestyle, including dress, auto, and homes. The classic "preppy/old money" style is extremely popular in the area.
The Grosse Pointe area is the setting of two novels by writer Jeffrey Eugenides: The Virgin Suicides, which is satirical of his high school, University Liggett School, and Middlesex. Grosse Pointe was also featured in Lisa Birnbach's Official Preppy Handbook for its preppy qualities. Included were references to a stereotypical way of speech, the "Grosse Pointe Monotone," and a guide to private clubs and restaurants in the area. A novel, Grosse Pointe Girl, was written by Grosse Pointe native Sarah Grace McCandless.
The 1997 film Grosse Pointe Blank is set almost entirely in Grosse Pointe and shows scenes of Detroit and Grosse Pointe, but was filmed in Chicago and Monrovia, California. The film stars Minnie Driver, Joan Cusack, John Cusack, and Dan Aykroyd. The opening drive sequence was the only scene filmed on location, along Lakeshore Drive. This same road was featured in Michael Moore's 1989 film Roger & Me, and in the 2009 film Gran Torino starring Clint Eastwood. Gran Torino is set in modern Detroit and its inner suburbs, and several scenes were shot across the Grosse Pointes, particularly Grosse Pointe Park.
A number of television programs make reference to the region, most notably Grosse Pointe starring Lindsay Sloane, Bonnie Somerville, and Nat Faxon. It aired on The WB Television Network in 2000 and 2001. In the television series Northern Exposure, pilot Maggie McConnell was a native Grosse Pointer who had moved to Alaska. In the Nickelodeon program Hey Dude, the character of Brad Taylor was from Grosse Pointe. Finally, in an episode of the Simpsons, Homer yells, "Go back to Grosse Pointe" to a bunch of deer that he thinks are fur coat wearing tourists.
| Name[2] | Image | Year | Location | Style | Architect | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Academy of the Sacred Heart aka Grosse Pointe Academy | 1928 | 171 Lake Shore Dr. 42°23′35″N 82°53′37″W / 42.39306°N 82.89361°W |
Tudor | William Schickel, Magginnis and Walsh |
Listed on the National Register of Historic Places.[3] | |
| Russell A. Alger Jr., House[4] | 1910 | 32 Lake Shore Dr. 42°23′13″N 82°53′50″W / 42.38694°N 82.89722°W |
Italian Renaissance | Charles A. Platt | Grosse Pointe War Memorial. Listed on the National Register of Historic Places.[3] | |
| Beverly Road Historic District | 23-45 Beverly Rd. 42°23′18″N 82°54′6″W / 42.38833°N 82.90167°W |
Colonial, Neo-Renaissance, Tudor |
Listed on the National Register of Historic Places.[3] | |||
| Ralph Harmon Booth House | 1924 | 315 Washington Road | Tudor, Jacobean | Marcus Burrowes | Originally home of U.S Minister to Denmark, Detroit Institute of Arts Philanthropist, and brother of George Gough Booth, 12,000 square feet (1,100 m2). | |
| JP Bowen House | 1927 | 16628 East Jefferson | French colonial | Wallace Frost | A 9,000-square-foot (840 m2) lakefront estate. | |
| Buck-Wardwell House | 1840 | 16109 East Jefferson, at Three Mile | Colonial | William Buck | The oldest extant brick house in Grosse Pointe, a large colonial home. | |
| Christ Church Chapel Chapel Complex | 1930 | 61 Grosse Pointe Rd. 42°23′29″N 82°54′3″W / 42.39139°N 82.90083°W |
Neo-Gothic | Bertram Grosvenor Goodhue | Listed on the National Register of Historic Places.[3] | |
| Roy D. Chapin House | 1927 | 457 Lakeshore Dr. | Georgian | John R. Pope | Hudson Motor Car Company founder, served as U. S. Secretary of Commerce. |
|
| Defer Elementary School | 15425 Kercheval 42°23′0.01″N 82°56′6.66″W / 42.3833361°N 82.9351833°W |
Listed on the National Register of Historic Places.[3] | ||||
| Emory W. Clark House | 1934 | 635 Lake Shore Dr. | Georgian | Hugh T. Keyes | ||
| Charles A. Dean House- "Ridgeland" | 1924 | 221 Lewiston. | Mediterranean, Tuscan | Hugh T. Keyes | A 9,000-square-foot (840 m2) hillside estate. | |
| Paul Harvey Deming House "Cherryhurst" | 1907 | 111 Lake Shore Dr. 42°23′30″N 82°53′40″W / 42.39167°N 82.89444°W |
Tudor | Listed on the National Register of Historic Places.[3][5] | ||
| Edsel and Eleanor Ford House[6] | 1927 | 1100 Lakeshore Dr. 42°27′21″N 82°52′26″W / 42.45583°N 82.87389°W |
Cotswold | Albert Kahn, Jens Jensen |
President of Ford Motor Company, son of Henry Ford, 20,000-square-foot (1,900 m2) estate, open for public tours. Listed on the National Register of Historic Places, located in Macomb County. | |
| Grosse Pointe High School[7] | 1928 | 11 Grosse Pointe Blvd. 42°23′27″N 82°54′8″W / 42.39083°N 82.90222°W |
Georgian | George J. Haas | Listed on the National Register of Historic Places.[3] | |
| Grosse Pointe Memorial Church | 1927 | 16 Lake Shore Dr. | Neo-Gothic | William E.N. Hunter | Listed on the National Register of Historic Places.[3] | |
| Grosse Pointe Yacht Club | 1929 | Lake Shore Dr. at Vernier | Venetian | Guy Lowell | ||
| Henry B. Joy House[8] | 301 Lake Shore Dr. | Albert Kahn | "Fair Acres" estate, home of the President of the Packard Motor Company. | |||
| J. Bell Moran House- "Bellmoor" | 1928 | 15420 Windmill Pointe Drive | Tudor | Robert O. Derrick | A 13,500-square-foot (1,250 m2) lakefront mansion, the centerpiece of the Windmill Pointe strand of mansions. | |
| Purdy-Kresge House | 1929 | 1012 Three Mile Drive | Tudor | Leonard Willeke | A 7,700-square-foot (720 m2) mansion along a notable row of large homes. | |
| Saint Paul Roman Catholic Church[9] | 1899 | 157 Lake Shore Dr. 42°23′41″N 82°53′37″W / 42.39472°N 82.89361°W |
French Gothic | Harry J. Rill | Listed on the National Register of Historic Places.[3] | |
| Murray Sales House | 1917 | 251 Lincoln | Neo-Renaissance | Louis Kamper | A white-stucco estate designed by the famed Washington Blvd. architect. | |
| Carl E. and Alice Candler Schmidt House | 301 Lake Shore Rd. 42°24′18″N 82°53′18″W / 42.405°N 82.88833°W |
Tudor | Listed on the National Register of Historic Places.[3] | |||
| William B. and Mary Chase Stratton House | 938 Three Mile Dr. 42°22′43″N 82°55′24″W / 42.37861°N 82.92333°W |
Listed on the National Register of Historic Places.[3] | ||||
| "Kasteel Batavia" R.W. Judson House | 1927 | 15324 Windmill Pointe Drive. 42°21′46.22″N 82°55′30.63″W / 42.3628389°N 82.925175°W |
Tudor | Wallace Frost | A 9,931-square-foot (922.6 m2) lakefront mansion, Original site of the Windmill with one of the only remaining original French missionary pear trees. Home of the President of Continental Motors. | |
| John T. Woodhouse House | 33 Old Brook Ln. 42°24′24″N 82°53′18″W / 42.40667°N 82.88833°W |
Listed on the National Register of Historic Places.[3] |
Grosse Pointe has a significant collection of Gilded Age architecture and historic structures. Albert Kahn designed the Edsel & Eleanor Ford House (1927) at 1100 Lakeshore Dr. in Grosse Pointe.[10] Rose Terrace (1934-1976), the mansion of Anna Dodge, once stood at 12 Lakeshore Dr. in Grosse Pointe. Designed by Horace Trumbauer as a Louis XV styled château, Rose Terrace was an enlarged version of the firm's Miramar in Newport, RI.[11] A developer, the highest bidder for Rose Terrace, demolished it in 1976 to create an upscale neighborhood. This gave a renewed sense of urgency to preservationists.[11] The Dodge Collection from Rose Terrace may be viewed at the Detroit Institute of Arts. The Italian Renaissance styled Russell A. Alger House (1910), at 32 Lakeshore Dr., by architect Charles A. Platt serves as the Grosse Pointe War Memorial.[12] Many noted architects designed works in Grosse Pointe including Albert Kahn, Marcel Breuer, Marcus Burrowes, Chittendon and Kotting, Crombie & Stanton, Wallace Frost, Robert O. Derrick, John M. Donaldson, Louis Kamper, August Geiger, William Kessler, Hugh T. Keyes, George D. Mason, Charles A. Platt, Leonard Willeke, Eliel and Eero Saarinen, Field, Hinchman, and Smith, William Buck Stratton, and Minoru Yamasaki.
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