ground
American Heritage Dictionary:
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ground1
(ground) 
n.
v., ground·ed, ground·ing, grounds. v.tr.
ground2 (ground)
v.
Past tense and past participle of grind.
n.
- The solid surface of the earth.
- The floor of a body of water, especially the sea.
- Soil; earth: level the ground for a lawn.
- An area of land designated for a particular purpose. Often used in the plural: a burial ground; parade grounds.
- The land surrounding or forming part of a house or another building. Often used in the plural: a guesthouse on the grounds of the mansion.
- An area or a position that is contested in or as if in battle: The soldiers held their ground against the enemy. Character witnesses helped the defendant stand her ground in the trial.
- Something that serves as a foundation or means of attachment for something else: a ground of white paint under the mural.
- A surrounding area; a background.
- The foundation for an argument, a belief, or an action; a basis. Often used in the plural.
- The underlying condition prompting an action; a cause. Often used in the plural: grounds for suspicion; a ground for divorce. See synonyms at base1.
- An area of reference or discussion; a subject: The professor covered new ground in every lecture.
- grounds The sediment at or from the bottom of a liquid: coffee grounds.
- Electricity.
- A large conducting body, such as the earth or an electric circuit connected to the earth, used as an arbitrary zero of potential.
- A conducting object, such as a wire, that is connected to such a position of zero potential.
v., ground·ed, ground·ing, grounds. v.tr.
- To place on or cause to touch the ground.
- To provide a basis for (a theory, for example); justify.
- To supply with basic information; instruct in fundamentals.
- To prevent (an aircraft or a pilot) from flying.
- Informal. To restrict (someone) especially to a certain place as a punishment.
- Electricity. To connect (an electric circuit) to a ground.
- Nautical. To run (a vessel) aground.
- Baseball. To hit (a ball) onto the ground.
- Football. To throw (a ball) to the ground in order to stop play and avoid being tackled behind the line of scrimmage.
- To touch or reach the ground.
- Baseball. To hit a ground ball: grounded to the second baseman.
- Nautical. To run aground.
ground out Baseball.
- To be put out by hitting a ground ball that is fielded and thrown to first base.
drive (or run) into the ground
- To belabor (an issue or a subject).
- From the most basic level to the highest level; completely: designed the house from the ground up; learned the family business from the ground up.
- Under way, as if in flight: Because of legal difficulties, the construction project never got off the ground.
- In a situation where one has knowledge or competence: a sculptor back on her own ground after experiments with painting.
- At a place that is exciting, interesting, or important.
- Into a den or burrow: a fox going to ground.
- Into hiding.
[Middle English, from Old English grund.]
ground2 (ground)
v.
Past tense and past participle of grind.
Fowler's Modern English Usage:
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ground, grounds
Both the singular and the plural are used in the expressions on the ground (or grounds) that, and grounds is more common in the expression grounds for (complaint etc.):
Occupations that various insurance companies consider to be grounds for rejection of applications for auto insurance...included...paperhangers,...sports coaches and assistants, travelling salesmen,...and doctors—New Yorker, 1975
The Post Office tried to register the name Viewdata for its product but this was refused on the ground that it was too all-embracing a title—Guardian, 1979
Fundamentalist Jews are limbering up to oppose the plan on the grounds that it will depict scenes from the New Testament as well as the Old—Daily Telegraph, 1985
If you think you have grounds for complaint, you must first write to the firm that sold the policy—Sunday Times, 2004.
| grotto, groin, groyne, grimy | |
| group names of animals, grovel, gruelling |
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A reference voltage level of "zero potential" for electric and electronic circuits. For most equipment plugged into an AC outlet, the word ground generally refers to the earth, and the metal parts are grounded ("chassis ground") to the earth for safety. In the case of a short circuit, the current flows through the green wire and third prong in the power cord (U.S. and Canada), which causes the circuit breaker to trip.
Signal Ground
Power supplies, circuit boards and signal pathways in most electronic equipment are also connected to the same earth ground as the chassis for reference voltage and safety. There are exceptions; for example, medical equipment that is attached to a patient is generally isolated from earth ground even when plugged in, because the time between a short circuit and the breaker tripping could prove fatal. Ethernet adapters and other networking equipment are also isolated from earth ground in order to prevent unbalanced ground loops from causing interference (see ground loop).
Portable Devices
Every portable, battery-operated device, such as a laptop and iPod, as well as the electrical systems in every vehicle, have their own zero reference voltage. Naturally, these systems are not connected to earth ground, but the reference voltage is still called ground.
Building Grounds
At the electric panel in U.S. and Canadian buildings, the ground lines are wired to the neutral line of the electric service, to the earth via a ground rod and to the metal plumbing pipes. In large datacenters, a separate ground system may connect every server via heavy-duty cable to the metal structure of the building to ensure that the voltage reference between all equipment is the same. See ground loop.
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Roget's Thesaurus:
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ground
noun
- The lowest or supporting part or structure: base1, basis, bed, bottom, foot, footing, foundation, fundament, groundwork, seat, substratum, underpinning (often used in plural). See over/under.
- That on which something immaterial, such as an argument or a charge, rests. base1, basis, footing, foundation, fundament, groundwork, underpinning (often used in plural). See over/under.
- A basis for an action or a decision. cause, motivation, motive, reason, spring. See start/end.
- A fact or circumstance that gives logical support to an assertion, claim, or proposal. argument, proof, reason, wherefore, why. Idioms: why and wherefore. See reason/unreason.
- That which provides a reason or justification. call, cause, justification, necessity, occasion, reason, wherefore, why. Idioms: why and wherefore. See start/end.
verb
- To cause to fall, as from a shot or blow: bring down, cut down, down, drop, fell1, flatten, floor, knock down, level, prostrate, strike down, throw. Slang deck1. Idioms: lay low. See rise/fall.
- To provide a basis for: base1, build, establish, found, predicate, rest1, root1, underpin. See over/under.
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Idioms beginning with ground:
ground floor, get in on the
ground rules
See also both feet on the ground; break ground; common ground; cover ground; cover the field (ground); cut the ground from under; down to the ground; ear to the ground; from the ground up; gain ground; get off the ground; give ground; happy hunting ground; hit the ground running; lose ground; on one's home ground; run into the ground; run to earth (ground); stamping ground; stand one's ground; worship the ground someone walks on.
Antonyms by Answers.com:
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ground
n
Definition: base
Antonyms: top
n
Definition: earth, land
Antonyms: heavens, sky
v
Definition: restrict; drop in place
Antonyms: free, launch, let go, liberate
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A melody, usually in the bass (and often called ‘ground bass’, in Italian basso ostinato), recurring many times, with continuous variation in the upper parts. ‘Ground’ may refer to the bass melody itself, to the musical scheme including the harmonies and upper voices, to the process of repetition, or to the composition. It was first used in England in the late 16th century and frequently in the Baroque period, sometimes associated with improvisation. The term has been applied more broadly, including to the recurrence of an essentially harmonic progression even without a recurring bass-line. Byrd was among the first to use the term as a title. Christopher Simpson gave instructions in The Division-Viol, or the Art of Playing Extempore upon a Ground (1659); the English master of the ground was Purcell, who used the form freely and extensively in vocal as well as instrumental music, varying the harmony with great skill and breaking down the uniformity of phrase structure by devising melodic lines that overlapped the breaks.
Ground bass patterns are found in many of the standard Italian and Spanish dance patterns of the Renaissance and Baroque eras: traditional grounds such as the Ruggiero, the romanesca and the folia were used for variations and for songs. The passacaglia and chaconne were based on grounds but with the formulae conceived rather as bass melodies than as harmonic progressions; sometimes the ground bass was treated strictly (especially in vocal music of the period 1625-50), but later composers tended to transpose the ground (often into the dominant or the minor mode) to facilitate variety. In the chaconnes of Lully and Rameau the ground is very freely treated, and in late chaconnes (for example those by Gluck and Mozart) any ground-bass element is at best vestigial. Later composers to use ground basses include Beethoven (32 Variations in C minor for piano), Brahms (Symphony no.4, finale), Stravinsky (Symphony of Psalms, finale: here the ground is of four minims/halfnotes, in 3/2 rhythm, so that it constantly shifts its position in the bar), Britten (in Act 2 of Peter Grimes) and Riegger (Symphony no.3, fourth movement).
1. A nailing strip fixed in a masonry or concrete wall as a means of attaching wood trim or furring strips; also called a common ground, rough ground, fixing, fixing fillet, fixing slip.
2. A plaster ground.
3. The side of an electric circuit connected to the earth, used as a common return.
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Electronics Dictionary:
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ground
An intentional or accidental conducting path between an electrical system or circuit and the earth or some conducting body acting in place of the earth. A ground is often used as the common wiring point or reference in a circuit.
Random House Word Menu:
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categories related to 'ground'
- Electricity and Electronics - ground: large conductor connected to electric circuit as general return point; connection to such a body; circuit reference point at which potential is zero
- Painting Tools and Techniques - ground: prepared painting surface
- Cinematography Tools and Techniques - ground: background or foundation behind or under focus of shot
See crossword solutions for the clue Wikipedia on Answers.com:
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Ground (electricity)
In electrical engineering, ground or earth is the reference point in an electrical circuit from which other voltages are measured, or is a common return path for electric current, or a direct physical connection to the Earth.
Electrical circuits may be connected to ground (earth) for several reasons. In mains powered equipment, exposed metal parts are connected to ground to prevent contact with a dangerous voltage if electrical insulation fails. Connections to ground limit the build-up of static electricity when handling flammable products or electrostatic-sensitive devices. In some telegraph and power transmission circuits, the earth itself can be used as one conductor of the circuit, saving the cost of installing a separate return conductor.
For measurement purposes, the Earth serves as a (reasonably) constant potential reference against which other potentials can be measured. An electrical ground system should have an appropriate current-carrying capability to serve as an adequate zero-voltage reference level. In electronic circuit theory, a "ground" is usually idealized as an infinite source or sink for charge, which can absorb an unlimited amount of current without changing its potential. Where a real ground connection has a significant resistance, the approximation of zero potential is no longer valid. Stray voltages or earth potential rise effects will occur, which may create noise in signals or if large enough will produce an electric shock hazard.
The use of the term ground (or earth) is so common in electrical and electronics applications that circuits in portable electronic devices such as cell phones and media players as well as circuits in vehicles such as ships, aircraft, and spacecraft may be spoken of as having a "ground" connection without any actual connection to the Earth. This is usually a large conductor attached to one side of the power supply (such as the "ground plane" on a printed circuit board) which serves as the common return path for current from many different components in the circuit.
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Contents
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Synonyms
The terms ground and grounding are used in US electrical practice. In the UK the equivalent terms are earth and earthing. The term is also used for a bond wire or connection. A bond is any wire or attachment point that connects to the ground or earth; a 'ground' wire or 'ground' screw is actually a 'bond' wire or screw.
History
Long-distance electromagnetic telegraph systems from 1820 onwards used two or more wires to carry the signal and return currents. It was then discovered, probably by the German scientist Carl August Steinheil in 1836-1837,[1] that the ground could be used as the return path to complete the circuit, making the return wire unnecessary. However, there were problems with this system, exemplified by the transcontinental telegraph line constructed in 1861 by the Western Union Company between Saint Joseph, Missouri, and Sacramento, California. During dry weather, the ground connection often developed a high resistance, requiring water to be poured on the ground rod to enable the telegraph to work or phones to ring.
Later, when telephony began to replace telegraphy, it was found that the currents in the earth induced by power systems, electrical railways, other telephone and telegraph circuits, and natural sources including lightning caused unacceptable interference to the audio signals, and the two-wire system was reintroduced.
Radio communications
An electrical connection to earth can be used as a reference potential for radio frequency signals for certain kinds of antennas. The part directly in contact with the earth - the "earth electrode" - can be as simple as a metal rod or stake driven into the earth , or a connection to buried metal water piping (though this carries the risk of the water pipe being later replaced with plastic). Because high frequency signals can flow to earth through capacitance, capacitance to ground is an important factor in effectiveness of signal grounds. Because of this a complex system of buried rods and wires can be effective. An ideal signal ground maintains zero voltage regardless of how much electric current flows into ground or out of ground. The resistance at the signal frequency of the electrode-to-earth connection determines its quality, and that quality is improved by increasing the surface area of the electrode in contact with the earth, increasing the depth to which it is driven, using several connected ground rods, increasing the moisture of the soil, improving the conductive mineral content of the soil, and increasing the land area covered by the ground system.
Some types of transmitting antenna systems in the VLF, LF, MF and lower SW range depend on a good ground to operate efficiently. For example, a vertical monopole antenna requires a ground plane that often consists of an interconnected network of wires running radially away from the base of the antenna for a distance about equal to the height of the antenna. Sometimes such a ground plane is supported above ground to reduce losses.
AC power wiring installations
See also: Earthing system
In a mains electricity (AC power) wiring installation, the term ground conductor typically refers to three different conductors or conductor systems as listed below.
Equipment earthing conductors provide an electrical connection between non-current-carrying metallic parts of equipment and the earth. The reason for doing this according to the U.S. National Electrical Code (NEC), is to limit the voltage imposed by lightning, line surges, and contact with higher voltage lines. The equipment earthing conductor is usually also used as the equipment bonding conductor (see below).
Equipment bonding conductors provide a low impedance path between non-current-carrying metallic parts of equipment and one of the conductors of that electrical system's source, so that if a part becomes energized for any reason, such as a frayed or damaged conductor, a short circuit will occur and operate a circuit breaker or fuse to disconnect the faulted circuit. Note that the earth itself has no role in this fault-clearing process[2] since current must return to its source, not the earth as is sometimes believed[citation needed] (see Kirchhoff's circuit laws). By bonding (interconnecting) all exposed non-current carrying metal objects together, they should remain near the same potential thus reducing the chance of a shock. This is especially important in bathrooms where one may be in contact with several different metallic systems such as supply and drain pipes and appliance frames. The equipment bonding conductor is usually also used as the equipment earthing conductor (see above).
A grounding electrode conductor connects one leg of an electrical system to one or more earth electrodes. This is called "system grounding" and most systems are required to be grounded. The U.S. NEC and the UK's BS 7671 list systems that are required to be grounded. The grounding electrode conductor is connected to the leg of the electrical system that is the "neutral wire". The grounding electrode conductor is also usually bonded to pipework and structural steel in larger structures. According to the NEC, the purpose of earthing an electrical system is to limit the voltage to earth imposed by lightning events and contact with higher voltage lines, and also to stabilize the voltage to earth during normal operation. In the past, water supply pipes were often used as ground electrodes, but this was banned where plastic pipes are popular. This type of ground applies to radio antennas and to lightning protection systems.
Permanently installed electrical equipment usually also has permanently connected grounding conductors. Portable electrical devices with metal cases may have them connected to earth ground by a pin in the interconnecting plug (see Domestic AC power plugs and sockets). The size of power ground conductors is usually regulated by local or national wiring regulations.
Power transmission
In Single Wire Earth Return (SWER) AC electrical distribution systems, costs are saved by using just a single high voltage conductor for the power grid, while routing the AC return current through the earth. This system is mostly used in rural areas where large earth currents will not otherwise cause hazards.
Some HVDC power transmission systems use the ground as second conductor. This is especially common in schemes with submarine cables, as sea water is a good conductor. Buried grounding electrodes are used to make the connection to the earth. The site of these electrodes must be chosen carefully to prevent electrochemical corrosion on underground structures.
A particular concern in design of electrical substations is earth potential rise. When very large fault currents are injected into the earth, the area around the point of injection may rise to a high potential with respect to distant points. This is due to the limited finite conductivity of the layers of soil in the earth. The gradient of the voltage (changing voltage within a distance) may be so high that two points on the ground may be at significantly different potentials, creating a hazard to anyone standing on the ground in the area. Pipes, rails, or communication wires entering a substation may see different ground potentials inside and outside the substation, creating a dangerous touch voltage.
Electronics
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| Signal ground |
Chassis ground |
Earth ground |
Ground symbols[3]
Signal grounds serve as return paths for signals and power (at extra low voltages, less than about 50 V) within equipment, and on the signal interconnections between equipment. Many electronic designs feature a single return that acts as a reference for all signals. Power and signal grounds often get connected together, usually through the metal case of the equipment.
Circuit ground versus earth
Voltage is a differential quantity. To measure the voltage of a single point, a reference point must be selected to measure against. This common reference point is called "ground" and considered to have zero voltage. This signal ground may not be connected to a power ground. A system where the system ground is not connected to another circuit or to earth (though there may still be AC coupling) is often referred to as a floating ground.
Separating low signal ground from a noisy ground
In television stations, recording studios, and other installations where sound quality is critical, a special signal ground known as a "technical ground" (or "technical earth") is often installed, to prevent ground loops. This is basically the same thing as an AC power ground, but no appliance ground wires are allowed any connection to it, as they may carry electrical interference. In most cases, the studio's metal equipment racks are all joined together with heavy copper cables (or flattened copper tubing or busbars) and similar connections are made to the technical ground. Great care is taken that no AC-grounded appliances are placed on the racks, as a single AC ground connection to the technical ground will destroy its effectiveness. For particularly demanding applications, the main technical ground may consist of a heavy copper pipe, if necessary fitted by drilling through several concrete floors, such that all technical grounds may be connected by the shortest possible path to a grounding rod in the basement.
Lightning protection systems
Lightning protection systems are special grounding systems designed to safely conduct the extremely high voltage currents associated with lightning strikes.
Earthing system
Main article: earthing system
In electricity supply systems, an earthing (grounding) system defines the electrical potential of the conductors relative to that of the Earth's conductive surface. The choice of earthing system has implications for the safety and electromagnetic compatibility of the power supply. Note that regulations for earthing systems vary considerably between different countries.
A functional earth connection serves a purpose other than providing protection against electrical shock. In contrast to a protective earth connection, a functional earth connection may carry a current during the normal operation of a device. Functional earth connections may be required by devices such as surge suppression and electromagnetic-compatibility filters, some types of antennas and various measurement instruments. Generally the protective earth is also used as a functional earth, though this requires care in some situations.
Ground (earth) mat
Main article: Ground mat
A ground (earth) mat or grounding (earthing) mat is a flat, flexible pad used for working on electrostatic sensitive devices. It is generally made of a conductive plastic or metal mesh covered substrate which is electrically attached to ground (earth). This helps discharge any static charge which a worker has built up, as well as any static charge on tools or exposed components laid on the mat. It is used most commonly in computer repair. Ground (earth) mats are also found on fuel trucks and tankers, which are otherwise insulated from ground (earth) as they make physical contact only with their tires and the air; obviously static discharge is undesirable during fuel-transfer operations. Similarly, in aircraft refueling, a ground (earth) cable connects the tanker (truck or airplane) to the fuel-seeking craft to eliminate charge differences before fuel is transferred.
In an electrical substation a ground (earth) mat is a mesh of conductive material installed at places where a person would stand to operate a switch or other apparatus; it is bonded to the local supporting metal structure and to the handle of the switchgear, so that the operator will not be exposed to a high differential voltage due to a fault in the substation.
See also
Notes
- ^ The Electromagnetic Telegraph
- ^ Jensen Transformers. Bill Whitlock, 2005. Understanding, Finding, & Eliminating Ground Loops In Audio & Video Systems. Retrieved February 18, 2010.
- ^ Electrical and electronics diagrams, IEEE Std 315-1975, Section 3.9: Circuit return.
References
- Federal Standard 1037C in support of MIL-STD-188
External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Earthing |
- Circuit Grounds and Grounding Practices
- The Electromagnetic Telegraph, by J. B. Calvert
- Grounding for Low- and High- Frequency Circuits (PDF) — Analog Devices Application Note
- An IC Amplifier User’s Guide to Decoupling, Grounding, and Making Things Go Right for a Change (PDF) — Analog Devices Application Note
This entry is from Wikipedia, the leading user-contributed encyclopedia. It may not have been reviewed by professional editors (see full disclaimer)
Translations:
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Ground
Dansk (Danish)
1.
n. - jord, gulv, terræn, plads, grund, bund
v. tr. - løbe på grund, sætte på grund, tvinge til at lande, forhindre i at gå i luften, give udgangsforbud, begrunde
v. intr. - gå på grund, være afhængig af
idioms:
- be grounded få udgangsforbud, have udgangsforbud
- be on one's own ground være på hjemmebane
- fall on stony ground falde for døve øren, falde på stengrund
- get in on the ground floor komme med fra starten
- give ground vige
- go to ground føre en tilbagetrukket tilværelse
- ground cloth underlag
- ground crew jordpersonnel
- ground floor stueetage
- ground plan grundplan
- ground rent jordafgift, grundafgift
- ground rule grundregel
- ground staff personale på flyveplads, personale på sportsplads
- ground swell dønning
- lose ground miste terræn
- off the ground have fået luft under vingerne, være over startvanskelighederne
- on the ground på jorden
- on the grounds that på grund af at
- prepare the ground berede jordbunden
- run someone into the ground køre nogen i sænk
- stomping ground hjemmebane, et sted man kommer ofte
- well grounded velfunderet
2.
adj. - matteret
idioms:
- ground glass matteret glas
Nederlands (Dutch)
grond, aarde, terrein, (mv) reden (voor), grondlaag, basso ostinato, zeebodem, (mv) droesem, vloer, grond-, gemalen, geknarst, verbrijzeld, geslepen, toestemming voor vliegen weigeren, huisarrest opleggen (aan kind), aarden, onderbouwen, onderleggen, (laten) stranden, op de grond leggen op het eigen vakgebied zijn, onder eigen voorwaarden kunnen handelen iemand uitputten van argument/mening veranderen favoriete stek
Français (French)
1.
n. - (lit, fig) terrain, sujet, domaine, position, climat, (fig) domaine, (gén, Sport) terrain, (gén, Jur) motifs, raisons, (fig) fusil d'épaule, (US, Élec) prise de terre, (Naut) fond, (Constr) sous-couche
v. tr. - (Aviat) immobiliser, déclarer (qn) inapte (un pilote, un équipage), (Naut) faire échouer, fonder (qch) sur, être fondé sur, priver (qn) de sortie (un adolescent), (US, Élec) mettre (qch) à terre, (Mil) poser l'arme à terre
v. intr. - (Naut) s'échouer
idioms:
- be grounded être immobilisé au sol, (Naut) s'échouer
- fall on stony ground être ignoré
- get in on the ground floor commencer en bas de l'échelle
- give ground perdre du terrain, céder du terrain (devant, au niveau de)
- go to ground se terrer
- ground cloth (US) tapis de sol
- ground crew personnel au sol
- ground floor rez-de-chaussée
- ground out frapper une balle au sol (base-ball), être exclus (base-ball)
- ground plan plan au sol, plan préliminaire
- ground rent rente foncière
- ground rule grands principes
- ground staff (Aviat) personnel au sol, personnel d'entretien d'un terrain de sports
- ground swell (fig) vague de, (lit, Naut) raz-de-marée
- lose ground perdre du terrain (au profit de)
- off the ground (Aviat) décoller, (fig) prendre (une idée), faire démarrer (un projet)
- on one's own ground être sur son propre terrain, connaître les ficelles
- on the ground par terre
- on the grounds that du fait que, en raison de
- prepare the ground préparer le terrain
- stomping ground endroit habituel (fréquenté par qn)
- well grounded bien fondé
2.
adj. - moulu (le café)
idioms:
- ground glass verre brisé
Deutsch (German)
1.
n. - Boden, Erde, Grund, Gelände
v. - erden, untermauern, gründen, auf Grund setzen/laufen, am Boden festhalten, niederlegen, verankern
idioms:
- be grounded auf Grund gelaufen sein, nicht starten können
- fall on stony ground ignoriert werden
- get in on the ground floor sich von Anfang an beteiligen
- give ground an Boden verlieren
- go to ground (ugs.) untertauchen
- ground cloth Bodenplane
- ground crew (Aeron) Bodenpersonal
- ground floor Erdgeschoß
- ground out (Spo) der Schlagmann wurde rausgebracht, weil er einen "ground-ball" getroffen hat
- ground plan Grundriß, Konzept
- ground rent Grundrente
- ground rule Grundregel, Platzregel
- ground staff (Aeron) Bodenpersonal
- ground swell schwere Dünung
- lose ground an Boden verlieren
- off the ground in Betrieb, in Gang
- on one's own ground sich auf bekanntem Boden befinden
- on the ground an Ort und Stelle
- on the grounds that auf Grund
- prepare the ground eine Basis schaffen
- stomping ground Gegend, in der man sich normalerweise aufhält
- well grounded wohlbegründet
2.
adj. - gemahlen, pulverisiert
idioms:
- ground glass Mattglas
Ελληνική (Greek)
n. - έδαφος, γη, χώμα, οικόπεδο, γήπεδο, πυθμένας, πάτος, (στρατ.) πεδίο, φόντο, (μτφ.) λόγος, αιτία, βάση, (ηλεκτρική) γείωση, (πληθ.) έκταση γύρω από αρχοντικό, ίζημα, κατακάθι
v. - στηρίζω, βασίζω (θεωρία κ.λπ.), γειώνω, διδάσκω τα στοιχειώδη, καθηλώνω στο έδαφος, απαγορεύω (περαιτέρω) πτήση, προσεδαφίζω/-ομαι, (ναυτ.) προσαράσσω, εξοκέλλω, απαγορεύω έξοδο, θέτω υπό περιορισμό
idioms:
- be grounded είμαι τιμωρημένος με στέρηση εξόδου ή συμμετοχής
- be on one's own ground παίζω στο γήπεδό μου, παίζω στην έδρα μου
- break new ground ανοίγω νέους δρόμους, καινοτομώ
- cut the ground from under someone βάζω τρικλοποδιά σε κάποιον, ανατρέπω τα σχέδια κάποιου
- fall on stony ground πέφτω σε άγονο έδαφος, (μτφ.) μένω χωρίς ανταπόκριση
- get in on the ground floor (καθομ.) συμμετέχω ή επωφελούμαι από την αρχή
- give ground υποχωρώ, ενδίδω, κάνω παραχωρήσεις
- go to ground κρύβομαι (από διώκτες κ.λπ.), λουφάζω
- ground cloth κάλυμμα από μουσαμά
- ground crew πλήρωμα ή προσωπικό εδάφους
- ground floor ισόγειο
- ground glass αδιαφανοποιημένο γυαλί
- ground plan (αρχιτ.) κάτοψη
- ground rent (νομ.) μίσθωμα οικοδόμησης σε ξένο οικόπεδο
- ground rule βασικός κανόνας, αρχή
- ground staff προσωπικό/πλήρωμα εδάφους
- ground swell φουσκοθαλασσιά, (μτφ.) διογκούμενο ρεύμα (π.χ. της κοινής γνώμης)
- high ground ανωτερότητα
- hold one's ground κρατώ τις θέσεις μου, μένω αμετακίνητος/αμετάπειστος
- lose ground χάνω έδαφος
- off the ground που απογειώθηκε, που ξεκίνησε με επιτυχία
- on the ground (καθομ.) στο σημείο της παραγωγής/λειτουργίας, υπό πραγματικές συνθήκες
- on the grounds that για το λόγο ότι
- prepare the ground προετοιμάζω/προλειαίνω το έδαφος
- run someone into the ground ξετρυπώνω κάποιον
- stomping ground στέκι
- well grounded σωστά θεμελιωμένος, επαρκώς τεκμηριωμένος
Italiano (Italian)
terreno, macinato, fondare, mettere a terra, discutere, terra, suolo, fondamento, motivo
idioms:
- a ground for motivi per
- be grounded chiuso in casa
- be on one's own ground trovarsi sul proprio terreno
- breaking new ground provare vie nuove
- cut the ground from under someone togliere il terreno da sotto i piedi
- fall on stony ground cadere malamente
- find common ground trovare un denominatore comune
- gain ground guadagnare terreno
- get in on the ground floor mettersi all'avanguardia
- go to ground nascondersi
- ground cloth telo impermeabile
- ground crew personale di servizio a terra
- ground floor pianterreno
- ground glass vetro smerigliato, polvere di vetro
- ground plan progetto di base
- ground rent affitto di lotto
- ground rule regola base
- ground staff personale di terra
- ground swell maremoto
- hold one's ground tener duro
- lose/give ground perdere terreno
- middle ground centrocampo
- off the ground decollare (di un'attività o di un progetto)
- on shaky ground su basi malsicure
- on the ground a ragione
- on the grounds that a ragione
- prepare the ground preparare il terreno
- run someone into the ground perseguitare qualcuno
- shift/change one's ground cambiare argomento
- stamping/stomping ground posto di ritrovo
- stand one's ground tenere duro
- suit someone down to the ground trovare un'anima gemella
- the moral high ground pretesto
- thin on the ground raro
- well grounded fondato
Português (Portuguese)
n. - terra (f), soalho (m), região (f)
v. - estabelecer, assentar
idioms:
- be grounded ficar retido, estar encalhado
- be on one's own ground estar no seu elemento
- fall on stony ground quebrar a cara (coloq.)
- get in on the ground floor envolver-se em um plano desde o começo
- go to ground acordar para a realidade
- ground cloth lençol (m) impermeável colocado no chão para evitar umidade do solo (Téc.)
- ground crew pessoal (m) de terra (Aer.)
- ground floor térreo (m)
- ground glass vidro (m) despolido, vidro (m) opaco
- ground plan planta (f) baixa (Arquit.), projeto (m) fundamental (Arquit.)
- ground rent foro (m), renda (f) paga para terreno (Fin.)
- ground rule regulamento (m) básico
- ground staff pessoal (m) de terra
- ground swell grande onda (f), maremoto (m)
- lose/give ground perder terreno, ceder
- off the ground voando, aprovado e em curso de realização
- on the ground no cenário da ação
- on the grounds that contanto que
- prepare the ground preparar o terreno
- run someone into the ground derrotar alguém
- shift/change one's ground mudar de posição ou ponto de vista
- stamping/stomping ground lugar (m) preferido
- well grounded bem fundado, (ter) conhecimentos sólidos
Русский (Russian)
земля (поверхность), участок земли, местность, почва, фон, грунтовка, предмет, тема, основание, приземляться, заземлять, приземлять, обосновывать, подготавливать, грунтовать холст, запрещать полеты, наземный, аэродромный, молотыйоснов ние (для предположения и пр.), основание (для предположения и пр.)
idioms:
- be grounded быть хорошо подготовленным, быть основательно обоснованным, быть заземленным
- be on one's own ground быть в своей тарелке
- fall on stony ground упасть на каменистую почву, не дать всходов
- get in on the ground floor участвовать с самого начала
- go to ground затаиться
- ground cloth матерчатый водонепроницаемый настил
- ground crew группа технического обслуживания самолета
- ground floor первый этаж
- ground glass матовое стекло, стеклянный порошок
- ground plan план первого этажа здания, генеральный план
- ground rent земельная рента
- ground rule основной принцип
- ground staff наземный состав (в авиации), служащие стадиона, площадки для гольфа
- ground swell волнение на море, вызванное отдаленным штормом или землетрясением, массовый энтузиазм
- lose/give ground сдавать позиции
- off the ground успешное начало
- on the ground на месте, в реальных условиях
- on the grounds that на том основании,что
- prepare the ground приготовить
- run someone into the ground загонять кого-л. в его берлогу, найти после долгих поисков
- shift/change one's ground изменить взгляды/принципы
- stamping/stomping ground насиженное место, любимое место
- well grounded хорошо обоснованный
Español (Spanish)
1.
n. - tierra, suelo, piso, base, fundamento, fondo, terreno, motivo, razón, toma de tierra
v. tr. - rellenar con tierra, conectar a tierra, fundamentar, fundar, basar, poner sobre la tierra, poner firmemente sobre cimientos, enseñar principios básicos, prohibir la partida de una aeronave, restringir las actividades de alguien como castigo
v. intr. - caer en la tierra, golpear la tierra
idioms:
- be grounded estar castigado
- fall on stony ground caer en saco roto
- get in on the ground floor empezar desde abajo (en un trabajo)
- give ground ceder terreno
- go to ground esconderse, ocultarse
- ground cloth sábana impermeable
- ground crew personal de tierra
- ground floor piso bajo, planta baja
- ground out (béisbol) tipo de golpe que da el bateador
- ground plan plano de planta, proyecto básico, planta, plano escenográfico, plan de acción
- ground rent renta por derecho de superficie
- ground rule regla o norma de procedimiento, directriz, regla de terreno o de campo, regla local
- ground staff personal de tierra
- ground swell mar de fondo, marejada de fondo, corriente, oleada
- lose ground perder terreno, perder popularidad
- off the ground encaminado, empezado
- on one's own ground en su terreno de conocimiento, estar en su propio elemento
- on the ground donde se realiza trabajo práctico como oposición al teórico, en base a, a causa de
- on the grounds that en base a, a causa de
- prepare the ground preparar el terreno
- stomping ground lugar preferido, territorio
- well grounded bien fundado
2.
adj. - molido, triturado, situado en o perteneciente a la tierra, que trabaja u opera desde tierra
idioms:
- ground glass vidrio esmerilado o deslustrado, vidrio esmerilado, vidrio molido en partículas
Svenska (Swedish)
n. - mark, jord, grund, plats, plan, tomt, ägor, havsbotten, jordledning (elektr.), grundval, anledning
v. - bygga, basera, grunda (mål.), lägga på marken, tvinga att landa (flyg.), utfärda flygförbud för, ge startförbud (hästsport), jorda (elektr.), stöta på grund (sjö.), landa
中文（简体）(Chinese (Simplified))
土地, 场地, 战场, 放在地上, 打基础, 使搁浅, 搁浅, 落地, 依靠, 基于, 根据
idioms:
- be grounded 使停飞了, 禁足
- be on one's own ground 在自己熟悉的领域里, 按本人提出的条件, 在家
- fall on stony ground 计划失败, 希望破灭
- get in on the ground floor 取得有利地位
- give ground 退却, 让步, 失利
- go to ground 退隐, 潜伏, 躲藏
- ground cloth 铺地防潮布
- ground crew 地勤人员
- ground floor 底层, 开始阶段, 公共汽车的下层, 优先获利机会
- ground glass 毛玻璃, 磨砂玻璃
- ground plan 平面图
- ground rent 地租
- ground rule 场地临时规则, 基本原则
- ground staff 地勤人员, 板球队员
- ground swell 涌浪
- lose ground 撤退, 退却, 失去地盘
- off the ground 飞起, 进行顺利
- on the ground 在地上, 当场, 在决斗
- on the grounds that 以...为理由
- prepare the ground 准备
- run someone into the ground 把...做过头, 把...弄糟
- stomping ground 常去的地方
- well grounded 基础牢固的, 有充分根据的
中文（繁體）(Chinese (Traditional))
n. - 土地, 場地, 戰場
v. tr. - 放在地上, 打基礎, 使擱淺
v. intr. - 擱淺, 落地, 依靠, 基於, 根據
idioms:
- be grounded 使停飛了, 禁足
- be on one's own ground 在自己熟悉的領域裡, 按本人提出的條件, 在家
- fall on stony ground 計劃失敗, 希望破滅
- get in on the ground floor 取得有利地位
- give ground 退卻, 讓步, 失利
- go to ground 退隱, 潛伏, 躲藏
- ground cloth 鋪地防潮布
- ground crew 地勤人員
- ground floor 底層, 開始階段, 公共汽車的下層, 優先獲利機會
- ground glass 毛玻璃, 磨砂玻璃
- ground plan 平面圖
- ground rent 地租
- ground rule 場地臨時規則, 基本原則
- ground staff 地勤人員, 板球隊員
- ground swell 湧浪
- lose ground 撤退, 退卻, 失去地盤
- off the ground 飛起, 進行順利
- on the ground 在地上, 當場, 在決鬥
- on the grounds that 以...為理由
- prepare the ground 準備
- run someone into the ground 把...做過頭, 把...弄糟
- stomping ground 常去的地方
- well grounded 基礎牢固的, 有充分根據的
한국어 (Korean)
1.
n. - 땅, 운동장, 사고 방식, 주장, 근거, 분야, 기저, 배경
v. tr. - 땅에 놓다, 기초를 세우다, 배를 좌초 시키다, 바탕칠을 하다
v. intr. - 땅에 닿다, 좌초하다
idioms:
- be grounded 기초를 두다
- be on one's own ground 자기 집에 있다, 익숙한 장소이다, 자신 있는 범위이다
- get in on the ground floor 처음부터 참가하여 유리한 위치를 차지하다
- go to ground 숨다, 도망치다
- run someone into the ground ~을 지나치게 하다
- well grounded 기초가 단단한, 근거가 명확한
2.
adj. - 빻은 , 가루가 된
日本語 (Japanese)
n. - 地面, 土, 土壌, 土地, 敷地, 構内, 庭園, 場所, 運動場, 立場, 根拠, 理由, アース, 下地, 地色, かす, コーヒーかす, 海底, 接地, 水底
v. - 根拠を置く, 基づかせる, …に…の基礎を教える, 強制着陸させる, 飛行勤務を解く, 座礁する, ゴロを打つ, アースする
adj. - ひいた, といだ
idioms:
- be grounded 基礎をおく
- down to the ground 徹底的に, 完全に
- dumping ground ゴミ捨て場
- feeding ground 餌場
- get in on the ground floor 初めから参加する, 有利な地位にある
- go to ground 隠れ穴に逃げ込む, 隠れがに身を潜める
- ground cloth 防水布
- ground crew 地上整備員
- ground floor 一階, 有利な立場
- ground glass すりガラス, グラウンドグラス
- ground plan 平面図, 基礎計画
- ground rent 借地料, 地代
- ground rule グラウンドルール, 基本原則
- ground staff 地上整備員
- ground swell 地うねり, 高まり
- hunting ground 猟場
- lose/give ground 退却する, 衰える
- off the ground 地上を離れて
- on the ground 現場で, 整備中で
- on the grounds that という理由で
- prepare the ground 道を開く
- proving ground 性能試験場, 実験場
- run into the ground 使いすぎる, 酷評する, やっ付ける
- run someone into the ground 疲れさせる
- run to ground 追い詰める
- shift/change one's ground 立場を変える
- stamping ground 人のよく行く場所
- stamping/stomping ground 人のよく行く場所
العربيه (Arabic)
(الاسم) سطح الارض, ارضيه, اساس, (فعل) يقدم سببا, يقع على الارض على ارضه يتلف, يهري, ينهك
עברית (Hebrew)
n. - אדמה, קרקע, ארץ, יסוד, מגרש, שטח, רצפה, קרקע-הים, בסיס, רקע, סיבות (ברבים), משקע (ברבים)
v. tr. - קירקע (טייס), האריק, העלה (ספינה) על שרטון, הדריך (בנושא מסוים), הניח דברים, בייחוד נשק, על הקרקע, נימק
v. intr. - ביסס (מסקנה), עלה על שרטון
adj. - דבר שנטחן או לוטש
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