guanosine

[GUAN(INE) + (RIB)OS(E) + -INE².]

A compound derived from a nucleic acid, composed of guanine and a sugar, Dribose. Gua-nosine is a major molecular component of the nucleotides guanosine monophosphate and guanosine triphosphate and of DNA and RNA.

A nucleoside, guanine riboside, one of the major constituents of nucleic acids.

• cyclic g. monophosphate (cyclic GMP, cGMP) — a cyclic 3′,5′-phosphate that acts as an intercellular second messenger mediating the activity of hormones and other substances; essential in vision where cGMP concentrations increase in the dark.
• g. monophosphate — a nucleotide important in metabolism and nucleic acid synthesis; called also GMP.
• g. pentophosphate — involved with guanosinetetraphosphate in the so called stringent response of bacteria in which, because the cell does not have a sufficient pool of amino acids to maintain protein synthesis, tRNA and rRNA synthesis is reduced by about 20-fold, which suspends many of the cells’ activities until conditions improve.
• g. tetraphosphate — see guanosine pentophosphate (above).
• g. triphosphate — an energy-rich compound involved in several metabolic reactions; called also GTP.

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Guanosine
Identifiers
CAS number	118-00-3 Y
PubChem	765
MeSH	Guanosine
SMILES	NC1=Nc2[n](cnc2C(=O)N1) [C@@H]3O[C@H](CO)C(O)C3O
Properties
Molecular formula	C10H13N5O5
Molar mass	283.241
Y (what is this?)  (verify) Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)
Infobox references

Guanosine is a nucleoside comprising guanine attached to a ribose (ribofuranose) ring via a β-N₉-glycosidic bond.

Guanosine can be phosphorylated to become GMP (guanosine monophosphate), cGMP (cyclic guanosine monophosphate), GDP (guanosine diphosphate) and GTP (guanosine triphosphate).

When guanine is attached to a deoxyribose ring, it is known as a deoxyguanosine.

Guanosine's structure bears similarities to that of the antiviral drug aciclovir, often used in Herpes treatment.

v • d • e Nucleobases, nucleosides, and nucleotides Nucleobases Purine (Adenine, Guanine, Purine analogue) · Pyrimidine (Uracil, Thymine, Cytosine, Pyrimidine analogue) Nucleosides/ (NB+pentose) Ribonucleosides Adenosine · Guanosine · Uridine · Cytidine Deoxyribonucleosides Deoxyadenosine · Deoxyguanosine · Thymidine · Deoxyuridine · Deoxycytidine Nucleotides/ (NS+phosphate) Ribonucleotide monophosphates (AMP, GMP, UMP, CMP) · diphosphates (ADP, GDP, UDP, CDP) · triphosphates (ATP, GTP, UTP, CTP) Deoxyribonucleotides monophosphates (dAMP, dGMP, dUMP, TMP, dCMP) · diphosphates (dADP, dGDP, TDP, dCDP) · triphosphates (dATP, dGTP, TTP, dCTP) Cyclic cAMP, cGMP, c-di-GMP, cADPR Major families of biochemicals Saccharides/Carbohydrates/Glycosides · Amino acids/Peptides/Proteins/Glycoproteins · Lipids/Terpenes/Steroids/Carotenoids · Alkaloids/Nucleobases/Nucleic acids · Cofactors/Phenylpropanoids/Polyketides/Tetrapyrroles

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