Guntur

Guntur
City of Spices
A primary road through the centre of the Municipal Corporation of Guntur.
Guntur Location of Guntur in Andhra Pradesh and India
Coordinates	16°18′03″N 80°26′34″E / 16.3008°N 80.4428°E / 16.3008; 80.4428
Country	India
Region	Coastal Andhra
State	Andhra Pradesh
District(s)	Guntur
Mayor	Rayapati Mohan Sai Krishna
Municipal Commissioner	K.Ilambarthi
M.P	Rayapati Sambasiva Rao
Parliamentary constituency	Guntur
Planning Agency	GMC, VGTMUDA
Population • Metro	(2007[update]) • 1,025,707 (2007[update])
Sex ratio	984 [1] ♂/♀
Official languages	Telugu
Time zone	IST (UTC+5:30)
Area • Elevation • Coastline	63.15 km2 (24 sq mi) • 30 m (98 ft) • 66 km (41 mi)
Climate • Precipitation Temperature • Summer • Winter	Tropical (Köppen) •      989.1 mm (38.9 in) •      27 °C (81 °F) •      48 °C (118 °F) •      18.6 °C (65 °F)
Distance(s) • From Hyderabad • 295 km (183 mi) NW (rail) • From Delhi • 1,798 km (1,117 mi) N (land) • From Mumbai • 1,003 km (623 mi) W (land) • From Chennai • 410 km (255 mi) S (land)
Codes • Pincode • 522 0xx • Telephone • +91-863 • Vehicle • AP 07, AP 08
Website	http://www.gunturcorporation.org

Guntur pronunciation (help·info) (Telugu: గుంటూరు, Urdu: گنٹور) is a city and a municipal corporation in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh, located 40 miles (64 km) to the north and west of the Bay of Bengal. It is approximately 1,000 miles (1,600 km) to the south of the capital, New Delhi. The city has an estimated population of 818,330 (514,707 as per 2001 census) with an Urban Agglomeration of approximately 1,028,667. Guntur is one of the larger (tier-2) cities in the country.

Guntur is a centre of learning and the administrative capital of Guntur district, which is home of historically significant Amaravati, Bhattiprolu and Sitanagaram monuments. The city is also a centre for business, industry, and agriculture. The region is identified as a major transportation and textile hub in India. Additionally, the Guntur area economy has an agricultural component that is internationally known for its exports of chillies, cotton, and tobacco.

History

The Kingdom of Pratipalapura of 500 BCE (Bhattiprolu in Guntur district), appears to be the earliest known kingdom in south India. The earliest recorded reference of Guntur comes from the Idern plates of Ammaraja I (922-929 CE), the Vengi Chalukyan king. Guntur also appears in two other inscriptions dated 1147 CE and 1158 CE. The original Sanskrit (ancient Vedic culture/tradition) name for Guntur was Garthapuri (a place surrounded by water ponds('garta'/'gunta')).

An old temple at Garthapuri

The 'Agasthyeswara Sivalayam' in the old city is an ancient temple for Lord Siva . It has inscriptions on two stones in 'Naga Lipi' (an ancient script) dating back to about 1100 CE. It is considered one of the Hindu holy sites in the region. The backyard of the temple hosts a very historic tree . It is said that Agastya built the temple in the last Treta-Yuga around the Swayambhu Linga and hence it has this name. The 'Nagals' were said to have ruled the region at that time. More recently, the region was under the Nizam's rule (known as jagir of Nawab Salabat Jung till 1788) prior to the colonial period. During colonial rule, Guntur was under the control of the French and then the British, until India's independence. The region has been historically known for Buddhism and the first Kalachakra ceremony performed by Buddha himself ^[2][3].

LumbiniVanam

The place of Sitanagaram and the Guthikonda Caves ^[4] can be traced (through Vedic Puranas) back to the Treta-Yuga and Dwapara-Yuga (Traditional time scaleRef). Also check Timeline of Guntur.

Modern Guntur

A city street

The original Guntur used to be located where the current 'Old Guntur' exists. Over the last 50-100 years, the city has rapidly expanded largely to the north, which is called New Guntur ^[5]. The current size of the city has an inner radius of about 6 miles (9.7 km). The City-region comprises the surrounding suburban and rural areas spanning in all the directions. New townships are mushrooming in these areas. ^{[6] [7]}

Geography

Guntur Region from a Satellite

• Guntur Plains: Guntur is located at 16°12′N 80°16′E / 16.20°N 80.27°E / 16.20; 80.27^[8]. It has an average elevation of 33 metres (108 ft) and situated on the plains. There are a few hills in the surrounding suburban areas. The city is located around 40 miles (64 km) to the west of the Bay of Bengal on the east coast of India. The Krishna Delta lies partly in Guntur district. There are other smaller rivers and channels in the region such as Guntur Channel, Chandravanka, Naagileru, Guntur Branch Canal ^[9] etc.
• As quoted in NASA's website ^[10] "it is typical of the wider deltas along the southeast coast of India (known as the Coromandel Coast). The braided stream channels, broad floodplain, and extensive sandbars suggest that this part of the Krishna River flows through relatively flat terrain and carries a substantial amount of sediment, especially during the monsoon season." Image Website of NASA of the Guntur City and District/Region of India. With the ocean on the top portion of the image, the actual location of the city is on the bottom right side portion of the image.
• Rain storms and hurricanes are common in the region during the rainy season, which starts with the monsoons in early June. The hurricanes could occur any time of the year, but commonly between May and November.
• Also check Guntur City Region on Wiki-Maps.

Demographics

As of 2001 India census^[11], Guntur had a population of 514,707. Males constitute 50% of the population and females 50%. Guntur has an average literacy rate of 68%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 74%, and female literacy is 62%. In Guntur, 11% of the population is under 6 years of age.

The region extends over an area of 11.68 sq. miles, while its population was about 25,000 by 1866 census and 30,183 by 1902 census. By 1961 census Guntur had a population of 187,122. It has grown about six times in its size during these 60 years. Currently the city is estimated to have population of around 800,000 with Urban Agglomeration of approximately 1,028,667.

Culture and diversity

Festival Parade

With the culture and traditions of ageless Sanatana Dharma/Ancient Vedic Civilization (known as Hinduism) and its principles (Sarvē Janā Sukhinō Bhavantu), the Guntur Region had a place for all religions, castes, sects and creeds. Guntur is known for its diverse culture and acceptance of multiculturalism. One of the purportedly lost tribes of Israel called Bene Ephraim, has a presence in Guntur, with even a Jewish synagogue. Religious faiths such as Islam and Christianity lead a harmonious, peaceful existence.

Language and Festivals

A sand sculpture

Street Fireworks

Telugu is the main language of communication in the city. One of the earliest/purest forms^{[citation needed]} of Telugu language can be noticed in this region. Other languages such as English and Hindi are used in the city to a minor extent. The culture is vibrant with many festivals (that have been celebrated over thousands of years). Those festivals observed in Guntur with great pomp and splendour are: Deepavali, Krishna-Ashtami, Rama Navami, Sankranti, Sivaratri, Ugadi, Vijaya Dasami, Vinayaka-Chaviti. Also, noticeable are festivals introduced before a few centuries, including Christmas, Eid ul-Fitr, ,Muharram, Ramadan. The 30th International Kalachakra festival was held at Amaravati near Guntur. Many Bhajans are held through the year (eg. Ayyappa Bhajan).

A late evening

City lifestyle

The city's lifestyle has a mixture of both urban and rural with some cosmopolitan element. Like any typical Indian city, the majority of the population is from middle class and lower middle class families. With a reasonable cost of living and most basic amenities readily available, the city attracts people from other regions. Guntur is known for its fusion of traditional Indian and Western cultures. Guntur's residents wear both Indian style and Western style clothing. The common traditional clothing for women is a Saree, Salwar and for men formally, a Dhovathi or Pancha or casually, a Lungi.

Economy

Cotton-Tobacco-Chilli city

Farming outside city

Guntur City and its region is a major commercial centre in India. Cotton, tobacco and chilli are some of the major commodities that are exported from here to different parts of the world. The city hosts the largest Asian market ^[12] for red chillies. The Tobacco Board, India, a part of the Government of India, is headquartered in Guntur. The chillies that are grown in this region are some of the hottest in the world, and are in constant competition ^[13] with chillies from Mexico for first place. One of the first of its kind, a global 'Spice Park' is currently being setup in the area. ^[14]. The cotton that grows in the region is used in making some of the finest sarees in India ^[15].

Industrialisation

The industrial development in the Guntur Region is of medium scale. On a positive note the region has minimal industrial and related pollution as compared to major cities in the country. It has a large skilled and educated workforce. Some of the industries in the area are: textile mills/handloom, silk, Sangam Dairy, Cement, Chemical and Biotechnology, Andhra Fertilizers, jute mills, granite industries, diamond and other ore processing (Hindustan Zinc Limited), Auto-Nagar and software/IT Companies. A Textile Hub is being developed on the southwestern side of the city ^[16], and the government is also encouraging the setting up of new industries. Another ongoing project is a 850 crore IT park in Guntur outskirts.^[17] Possible future plans include a large scale Biotechnology Park, ^[18] as well as a Knowledge Park.

Farming and Vegetation

• Farm lands

The Guntur region is one of the most fertile areas in India. With the River Krishna flowing to the north of the district, the area has many farmlands and paddy fields growing wide varieties of rice, other food grains, and other various crops. The Guntur Branch Canal (GBC) and other smaller rivers serve water to the farmlands in the region.

Green Motto

• Afforestation, Green Guntur

A social forestry project for Guntur is on the anvil to make the region greener; Guntur^[19], (since only about 35% of the forest in the district has survived as per available statistics, a common issue throughout India). The government is closely working with other corporates in meeting the goals. As a part of this Green Guntur project, one crore saplings have been planted in the city. The city's UDA is also developing many medium and large scale parks throughout the city.

Ports and Shore points

Located about 40 miles (64 km) from the city's urban area, the region has abundant coastline for trade, transport, and tourism. Though the exports from Guntur region mainly depend on Chennai harbour, there is a push to bring back one of its shore points as a harbour, with a chemical park also under consideration ^[20].

• The Port City Complex in Guntur District/Nizampatnam Harbour

A port city to be built^[21] near Nizampatnam in Guntur District. This is part of a major renovation of the Nizampatnam Harbour. The development of this harbour will enable the Guntur region to be a major port player, with direct access to exports and imports to, around the world Projects Today,Yahoo News.

• Surya Lanka near Bapatla

Suryalanka is a tourist shore point 40 miles (64 km) south of Guntur City, with all desirable features of a sea shore. It is complete with balmy beaches and world-class resorts. This is one of the top tourism hubs in the area.

Transportation

Roadways

Autos on a Street

Main Bus Station

The city is the regional headquarters of the State Road Transport System. It is connected to all the major cities of the country through various national and state highways. There are major highways such as Madras—Guntur—Kolkata highway, Guntur—Nagarjuna Sagar—Hyderabad highway (which can take to other major routes like Mumbai and Delhi) and the Guntur— Vinukonda -Kurnool highway. Within the city the traffic primarily flows using the inner, outer ring-roads, few bridges, main roads. Many intersections have innovative traffic signals and video cameras to control and monitor the traffic ^[22]. Common modes of road transport within the city are cars, motorcycles, buses, and auto-rickshaws; antique pedal rickshaws can still be seen. The city is also a major part of the 60,000 crore Golden Quadrilateral system, a national transportation project that has recently been completed.

Railways

Central Train Station

New Guntur Station

Guntur junction is one of the Divisional headquarters(Guntur division) and a major transit point of the Indian Railways System. All four "super metro" cities and most state capitals can be accessed through this transit point. Greater Guntur has the following stations: the Main Station (near Arundelpet and Railpet) and the others at Nallapadu, University-Center(Namburu), New Guntur(Reddipalem). Two other major transit points close to Guntur are: Tenali and Vijayawada with a future plan of running suburban trains in the suburban region. The Indian Railways is one of the most convenient and efficient systems of commute for the people throughout India.

Air travel

The closest major airport is located at Hyderabad (4.5 hours travel) with limited international connections. A major international airport is at Chennai (which is 8 hours by rail from Guntur) operating various airlines throughout the world. A local airport at Gannavaram offers daily flights to Hyderabad, Chennai and Bangalore City. There is a proposal to build a more practical airport to the south-west of Guntur City ^[23].

Academics/education and research

A Campus

College Transport

Guntur is one of the first cities to provide higher education and graduate programs in India. The Acharya Nagarjuna University is one of the largest universities in the country, and covers various institutions from 3 districts. There are a number of graduate schools, colleges, and high schools providing basic and higher education (agricultural, arts, bio-med, engineering, management, medical, nursing, pharmaceutical, sciences, technology) in the region. The Guntur Institute of Medical Sciences is one of many premier institutes in the city region. The Vedic University near Guntur specializes in the teaching of Vedic Sciences, other related philosophies, and the Vedanta.

• Acharya Nagarjuna University ANU, Vignan University
• Vedic University at Sitanagaram Jeeyar Educational Trust
• Medical Colleges: Guntur Medical College/GIMS, NRI Academy of Medical Sciences, KMC.
• Engineering Colleges: RVR, GEC, LITAM, NIET, NEC, KLC, BEC,SCREC, TEC etc.
• Legacy: Andhra-Christian College, Hindu-College,JKC.
• Hundreds of high schools/colleges (providing basic & higher education) eg:AM,AS,CP,TJ etc.
• Agricultural Research Center, Lam of ANGRAU [1]
• Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Lam
• Regional Station of Central Tobacco Research Institute (CTRI) of Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) [2]
• Indian Tobacco Board [3]

City Affairs

Sunny day

The climate in Guntur City is very tropical in nature, but there are dry spells especially during the winter season, Current Temperature@City. The average temperature is warm to hot throughout the year, with temperatures ranging from approximately 16C to 48C (60F to 118F). ^[24] The summer season (especially during May/June) has the highest temperatures, but these are usually followed by monsoon rains in that season. The winter season (from October to February) is the most enjoyable with a pleasant climate. Summer clothing suffices throughout the year. Local Time at Guntur.

Local Cuisine

BreakFast

Main Market

Guntur City is famous for the food items such as mirchi bajji (mirapakaya bajji), aavakaaya pickle, gongura pickle , with traditional Andhra style meals and common breakfast items such as Idli , pesara/ravva/attu dosa, and puri. ^[25] There are many top quality Hotels that offer varieties of food items (from several regions of India). The common masala stands, jilebi push-carts, sugar cane juice sellers can be noticed in every corner of the city. There are also International Fast Food and pizza outlets. The city has many star class lodgings, inns and hotels.

Market

Supermarket

There are numerous markets selling vegetables, fruits, flowers and other commodities throughout the city. Also, many Super Markets and Malls are opening due to the rapidly expanding middle and upper classes. The 'Patnam Bazar' area of the city is famous for the wholesale market of many consumer goods. The traditional method of selling vegetables, flowers and other consumer goods using push-carts is still very common and effective. There are special Rythu-Bazars^[26] in every corner of the city to sell fresh produce. Locally famous fruits and vegetables include the oval shaped - (unique honey taste) - sapota, mango, Seethaphalam, and Dosakai (cucumber).

Entertainment and events

A Cineplex

ExpCamelOnRide

Motion Pictures/Films are a common form of entertainment in the city as well as in the rest of India. Guntur has many movie theatres that play Telugu, English, and Hindi movies. Though not as popular, traditional drama and theatrical events too have their presence in the city ^[27]. The Guntur Nataka Rangam, Guntur Cultural Association ^[28] are premier organizations in the state that promote and conduct theatrical events. During early summer season there are festivals and fairs that take place in the city, many types of rides, shows, novelties and food. There are numerous places of interest and parks in and around the city/district for entertainment, culture, and history. Suryalanka is the closest beach/shore-point for the city.

Museum

Infrastructure and media

Guntur's infrastructure includes state-of-the-art technologies such as broadband Internet and multimedia for applications such as news, education and other forms of information. News sources, in Telugu, such as (Andhra Jyothi,Eenadu,Vaartha) and those in English, such as, The Hindu (newspaper) are widely used. Many newspaper headquarters are located within the city. Cable TV news has become another common mode for news information.

Health care

Sanakara Eye Hospital

The region of Guntur is one of the medical hubs in India. It offers wide access to top medical care at reasonable prices and has a variety of charity hospitals that serve as a safety net for the destitute. It boasts major medical facilities (super specialty hospitals) and related research institutions. The General Hospital provides free health care to people across the coastal districts. The Sankar Eye Hospital^[29], Kugler Hospital, St. Joseph Hospital are just a few of the many premier hospitals in the region. A new medical facility VIMS [4] is established at Viswanagar to serve the people in the rural areas that are to the south and west of the city.

Local governance, The GMC

Administrative

eService

Both bureaucrats and elected officials manage the city affairs and issues. The municipal commissioner and district collector are usually from the Indian Administrative Service (IAS). The MP, MLAs, Mayor, corporators constitute the local elected officials. Initiatives such as E-Governance are being put in place to reduce red-tapism, thereby enabling transparency in administration. The Guntur Municipal Corporation is among the select cities (4) across the world where an ‘eco-budget’ is being implemented. ^[30]

Law and order

City Court

Guntur Range (Andhra Pradesh Police Department) is the regional headquarters of the State Police with its own Inspector General covering three nearby districts (including Guntur district). The High Court was in Guntur briefly after the separation from the erstwhile Madras State, ^[31] which was later moved to the current state capital after the formation of AP. There is a pending plan to create a High Court bench at Guntur, covering for the coastal districts. ^[32] Guntur also hosts one of the Indian Army recruitment and training centres^[33]. Suryalanka of Guntur Region has an airbase of the Indian Air Force.

Tourism & places of interest

Title	Type	Location	Distance	Brief Description	Image
Uppalapadu Nature Conservation	Bird Sanctuary	Guntur City Rural	4 Miles S	Bird Refuge, endangered Spot-Billed Pelicans, Painted Storks[34],[35].
Viswa Nagar/Viswamandiram	Spiritual	Guntur City (Rural Chowdavaram)	8 Miles S-W	Sri Viswayogi Viswamji, the Univ. Integration Pillar.
Downtown, City Centers	Urban, Parks	Guntur City	City	Parks(M.Sarovar), Archeo.Museum, Brodi-Arundel, Jinnah-Naaz Center and more.
Prakasam Barrage	Bridge	Guntur District	18 Miles E	Bridge built on River Krishna connecting GNT and VIJ/Krishna.
Undavalli caves	Ancient caves	Guntur Urban/District	15 Miles E	Excavated in 4th to 5th centuries A.D., a huge reclining statue of Lord Vishnu.
Amaravathi	Ancient, Archaeological, Spiritual	Guntur Rural/District	15 Miles N-W	Ancient Amareswara temple with swayambhu linga, Mahachaitya stupa of Buddha(200B.C) [36].
Bhattiprolu	Ancient	Guntur Rural/District	20 Miles S-W	Pratipalapura, earliest known kingdom in the District [37].
Siripudi Ramalayam	Spiritual	Guntur Rural/District	45 Miles N-E	About a 100 year old temple of Lord Rama.
Kotappakonda Trikutaparvatam	Ancient, Spiritual	Guntur District/Narasaraopeta	25 Miles S-W	Three-peaked hill surrounded by other hills named after Trimurti: Brahma, Vishnu and Maheswara.
Kondaveedu	Historical Fort	Guntur Rural/District	8 Miles W	Built 1400A.D. 21 structures in the fort. Gopinatha temple and Kathulabavi at the foot of the hillock.
Nagarjuna Sagar Dam & Ethipothala Falls	Irrigation Dam, Water Falls	Guntur District	100 Miles N-W	Natural Falls and Nagarjuna Sagar massive irrigation project. Place of Acharya Nagarjuna
Sitanagaram	Ancient, Spiritual	Guntur District	16 Miles N-E	On the banks of river Krishna. Rel. to ancient history of Ramayana of last Treta Yuga.
Chebrolu	Ancient, Spiritual	Guntur Rural/District	10 Miles S	Famous for chaturmukha Brahma and Lord Nageswara Swamy. Has a beautiful red stone Nandi.
Ponnur	Ancient, Spiritual	Guntur Rural/District	25 Miles S	Famous for temples with huge monolithic statues of Lord Hanuma etc.

Sports and stadia

The city has hosted several national and international level sporting events for various sports. It is one of the places in India to host the International Grandmaster Chess tournaments. ^[38] Cricket is the most common and well followed sporting event, there are other sports such as kabbadi, volleyball, basketball, tennis, badminton, table tennis hosted regularly. Following is a list of stadiums in and around the city ^[39].

Parade Ground.

• Brahmananda Reddy Stadium
• Tennis clubs
• Gunta Ground
• NTR Stadium, Brindavan Gardens
• Police Parade Ground
• Prakasam Stadium
• Public Works Department Ground
• Zilla Parishad
• Krishna Cricket Academy
• International Cricket Stadium (Upcoming near Mangalagiri)^[40]

Countryside

• Chilakaluripet ^[41] is a countryside of Guntur City. The present prosperous place that is developing in education, arts and business was once called "Chilakala Thota, Rajagari Kota and Purushothamapatnam". The British called the area "Chick pet." Due to the orchards, a number of parrots used to come here and live on the trees. So that this place was once called "Chilakaluri" in the time of the Chilakaluripet zamindars.
• Namburu
• Piduguralla
• Ponnur
• Vadlamudi
• Chebrolu is a major panchayat comprising three villages Chebrolu, Pathareddypalem and Kothareddypalem. It is a mandal headquarters. Buckingham canal, which passes nearby is used for inland transport and irrigation. It was a regional fort for the Pallavas, Chalukyas and the Kakatiya Empire. Its ancient name was Sambhole (from which 'Chebrolu' is derived). There are famous Chalukya inscriptions. Chebrolu is mentioned in the Yuddamalluni-Vijayawada inscriptions. It became famous during the rule of the Kakatiyas, as a great general Jayapa ruled the Chebrolu fort. Jayapa's sisters were also, married to Ganapatideva, the greatest Kakatiya. Jayapa also wrote a famous book on Indian dance, Nrutyaratnavali.

Trivia

• Mica (Abhrakam in Telugu/Sanskrit) was first discovered around 2200 years ago in the Guntur region, believed to be by the Great Philosopher Acharya Nagarjuna.
• Pierre Jules Cesar Janssen (1824-1907) discovered the existence of Helium in the Sun, while watching a complete solar eclipse in Guntur, in 1868. The unusual length of the eclipse, about ten minutes, had attracted many scientists from all over the world. ^[42]
• The only Indian family on the Titanic was from Guntur ^{[43] [44]}.
• Jinnah tower, a commemorative tower for Pakistan's founder Muhammed Ali Jinnah is unique to Guntur in the whole of South Asia. ^[45]
• The 30th Kalachakra International Festival took place at Amaravathi of Guntur in the presence of the Dalai Lama during January 2006. ^[46]
• Guntur is one of the major textile hubs and a major business district in India ^[47].
• The name of a dormant volcano near Guntur City is Mangalagiri, which is believed to be kept under control through traditional means. People pour a sweet liquid known as Panakam and it said to please the gods. ^[48]

References

See also

• Timeline of Guntur
• Vedic Civilization/List of Hinduism-related topics, List of Buddhist topics.
• Other cities
  • Ancient India: Amaravati, Ayodhya, Badrinath, Dwaraka, Gandhara, Haridwar, Hastinapur, Kanchi, Kashmir, Kedarnath, Prayaga, Rameswaram, Taxasila, Tirupati, Varanasi.
  • World Cities, India Cities.
• Education in Guntur, Guntur Coast, Guntur Tourism, Transportation in Guntur, People from Guntur.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Guntur

• Guntur Municipal Corporation
• Guntur City and District Management
• Guntur Police
• Guntur City Region - Wikimapia
• Guntur Map by Google
• Guntur Map by NASA
• Weather at Guntur
• Current Temperature at Guntur City
• Local Time at Guntur
• Guthikonda Caves
• Sankar Eye Foundation, Focus A.P
• Uppalapadu, SPECIES 2001
• Vedic University/JET
• Viswamandiram