The choroid is a layer of the eye deep to the retina and
superficial to the sclera. It provides oxygen and nutrients to the
retina through its extensive network of capillaries. The retina
itself does not have a huge vascular supply, because the vessels
would interfere with the formation of the image in the eye. This is
why the choroid is necessary.
The choroid is also very heavily pigmented due to an abundance
of melanin. This increased pigment allows the choroid to absorb
excess light and minimize reflections within the eye.
The choroid along with the iris and ciliary body make up what is
known as the uveal tract.