A city of northeast Vietnam on the Red River delta near the Gulf of Tonkin. Established in 1874, it was shelled by the French in 1946 and heavily bombed by U.S. forces from 1965 to 1968 and again in 1972 during the Vietnam War. Population: 646,000.
Haiphong
Dictionary:
Hai·phong (hī'fŏng')  |
A city of northeast Vietnam on the Red River delta near the Gulf of Tonkin. Established in 1874, it was shelled by the French in 1946 and heavily bombed by U.S. forces from 1965 to 1968 and again in 1972 during the Vietnam War. Population: 646,000.
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| US Military Dictionary: Haiphong |
Pron a port in northern Vietnam, on the delta of the Red River in the Gulf of Tonkin pop. 783, 100 (est. 1992). In 1970, during the Vietnam War, President Richard M. Nixon ordered the mining of Haiphong Harbor to cut off Soviet aid. The strategy, originally conceived by the Joint Chiefs of Staff, apparently helped the North Vietnamese to accept a negotiated settlement to the Vietnam War.
See the Introduction, Abbreviations and Pronunciation for further details.
| Columbia Encyclopedia: Haiphong |
Haiphong (hīfŏng'), city (1989 pop. 1,447,523), NE Vietnam, on a large branch of the Red River delta c.10 mi (20 km) from the Gulf of Tonkin. It is connected with the sea by a narrow access channel that requires continual dredging. A major port of Vietnam and one of the largest ports in SE Asia, Haiphong was developed (1874) by the French and became the chief naval base of French Indochina. A shipbuilding industry and cement, glass, porcelain, and textile works were established by the French. At the beginning of the French-Indochina War (Nov., 1946), French naval vessels shelled the city, killing c.6,000 Vietnamese. After the French departed and the state of North Vietnam was created (1954), the silted-up harbor was reconstructed with Chinese and Soviet aid, and the docks and shipbuilding yards were repaired and modernized. The old French cement plant was enlarged, and fish-canning, chemical-fertilizer, machine-tool, and additional textile industries were established. During the Vietnam War, Haiphong was severely bombed by the United States; the shipyards and the industrial section of the city were devastated, rail connections with Hanoi were disrupted, and thousands of homes were destroyed. The harbor was mined by U.S. naval planes in May, 1972, and effectively sealed until the mines were swept by U.S. forces after the cease-fire agreement in 1973. Reconstruction, while slow, was aided by the dismantling and relocation of many of the factories during the bombings; when returned to Haiphong, much of the machinery was able to function in ruined structures. Haiphong has been substantially rebuilt; a steel plant was built there in the mid-1990s.
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| Hải Phòng | |
|---|---|
| — Centrally-controlled city — | |
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| Coordinates: 20°51′N 106°41′E / 20.85°N 106.683°E | |
| Country |  Vietnam |
| Area | |
| - Total | 1,507.57 km2 (582.1 sq mi) |
| Population | |
| - Total | 1,884,685 |
| Website | www.haiphong.gov.vn |
Hai Phong (Vietnamese: Hải Phòng, pronounced [hãj fɔ̂ŋ] (
listen); Hán Tự: 海防, meaning "Coastal Defence") is the third most populous city in Vietnam.
Contents |
Geography
Hai Phong is located in the center of the Red River. It is approximately 100 kilometres from Hanoi, the Vietnamese capital, and serves as the primary seaport for the northern region of Vietnam.
History
Hai Phong was originally founded by Le Chan, the female general of a Vietnamese revolution called Hai Ba Trung in the year 43 AD. It has existed as a significant port city for at least several centuries, and was one of Vietnam's principal trading centres. When Vietnam was invaded by the French, the city became France's main naval base in Indochina. After World War II, when Vietnam attempted to regain its independence, Hai Phong was the site of the first military action undertaken by the French, being shelled by the French heavy cruiser Suffren which resulted in more than two thousand casualties.[citation needed]
Later, in the Vietnam War, the city was subjected to heavy bombing by US Navy and Air Force strike aircraft due to its status as North Vietnam's only major port. After the war, the city was built up as a significant industrial centre.
Today, known as a port city, it serves the entire northern region of Vietnam and has managed to attract large FDIs that fueled economic rates of growth exceeding 12% per annum over the last decade.
Administration
Administratively, Hai Phong constitutes an independent municipality at the same level as Vietnam's provinces. It is divided into administrative units:
7 urban districts :
- Đồ Sơn : Area : 42.37 km²; population: 51.500; has 7 wards : Vạn Sơn, Vạn Hoa, Ngọc Hải, Bàng La, Hợp Đức, Min,djifjn idjkj;prtbops;h Đức, Vạn Hương.
- Dương Kinh : Area : 45.85 km²; population : 50.000; has 6 wards : Đa Phúc, Hưng Đạo, Anh Dũng, Hải Thành, Hoà Nghĩa, Tân Thành.
- Hải An: Area : 104.92 km²; population: 77.600 (2002); has 8 wards : Đông Hải 1, Đông Hải 2, Đằng Hải, Đằng Lâm, Nam Hải, Tràng Cát, Cát Bi, Thành Tô.
- Hồng Bàng: Area : 14.6 km²; population :110.000; has 11 wards: Hoàng Văn Thụ, Minh Khai, Quán Toan, Trại Chuối, Hùng Vương, Phan Bội Châu, Quang Trung, Sở Dầu, Phạm Hồng Thái, Thượng Lí, Hạ Lí.
- Kiến An: Area : 29.6 km²; population: 84.000; has 10 wards : Bắc Sơn, Đồng Hoà, Nam Sơn, Ngọc Sơn, Phù Liễn, Quán Trữ, Tràng Minh, Trần Thành Ngọ, Văn Đẩu, Lãm Hà.
- Lê Chân : Area : 12 km²; population :180.000; has 15 wards : An Biên, An Dương, Cát Dài, Đông Hải, Dư Hàng, Dư Hàng Kênh, Hàng Kênh, Hồ Nam, Lam Sơn, Niệm Nghĩa, Nghĩa Xá, Trại Cau, Trần Nguyên Hãn, Vĩnh Niệm, Kênh Dương.
- Ngô Quyền: Area : 10.96 km²; population: 155.000; has 13 wards : Đông Khê, Máy Tơ, Lương Khánh Thiện, Cầu Đất, Lạch Tray, Đằng Giang, Lương Khánh Thiện, Gia Viên, Cầu Tre, Vạn Mỹ, Lạc Viên, Đổng Quốc Bình, Máy Chai.
8 suburban districts :
- An Dương : area : 95.7 km²; population : 110.000; has 15 communes : An Hoà, Lê Thiện, Đại Bản, An Hưng, An Hồng, Tân Tiến, Hồng Phong, Bắc Sơn, Nam Sơn, Lê Lợi, Đặng Cường, Quốc Tuấn, An Đồng, Đồng Thái, Hồng Thái and 1 town : An Dương.
- An Lão: area :114.58 km²; population : 126.939; has 15 communes : Bát Trang, Trường Thọ, An Tiến, Quang Trung, An Thắng, Tân Dân, Tân Viên, Chiến Thắng, An Thái, Trường Thành, Quang Hưng, Quốc Tuấn, Thái Sơn, Mỹ Đức, An Thọ and 2 town : Trường Sơn and An Lão which is the capital of district.
- Bạch Long Vĩ has a special administration, has no commune, with a very small area is 1.78 km² with the highest tidal, 2.33 km² with the normal level of sea, anđ 3.05 km² with the lowest tidal; people in island isn't indigenous, with a unstable amount, because the appearance of wanderer people come from fishing action and trading action around island. But someone estimated the population of island is about 2000, except unstable citizens.
- Cát Hải: area : 323.1 km² ; population : 28.000; has 10 communes and 2 town: Hoàng Châu, Nghĩa Lộ, Đồng Bài, Văn Phong and Cát Hải town on Cát Hải island ;and Phù Long, Gia Luận, Việt Hải, Hiền Hào, Trân Châu, Xuân Đám and Cát Bà town, also the administrative centre of this district. A lot of islands in Halong Bay include some famous islands as Gà Chọi rock, Đầu Gỗ island... now are considered as the common administrative part of both Hải Phòng city and Quảng Ninh province.
- Kiến Thuỵ: area : 107.53 km²; population: approximate 126 000; has 18 communes : Đông Phương, Đại Đồng, Hữu Bằng, Thuận Thiên, Du Lễ, Nsgbnuoimnytbvcefxqwbmiyuolgũ Phúc, Kiến Quốc, Thuỵ Hương, Thanh Sơn, Đại Hà, Ngũ Đoan, Tân Trào, Đoàn Xá, Đại Hợp, Tú Sơn, Tân Phong, Minh Tân and 1 town: Núi Đối.
- Thủy Nguyên: area : 242 km²; population : 290.000; has 34 communes : Lại Xuân, An Sơn, Kỳ Sơn, Liên Khê, Lưu Kiếm, Gia Minh, Gia Đức, Minh Tân, Phù Ninh, Quảng Thanh, Chính Mỹ, Kênh Giang, Hợp Thành, Cao Nhân, Mỹ Đồng, Đông Sơn, Hoà Bình, Trung Hà, An Lư, Thuỷ Triều, Ngũ Lão, Phục Lễ, Tam Hưng, Phả Lễ, Lập Lễ, Kiền Bái, Thiên Hương, Thuỷ Sơn, Thuỷ Đường, Hoàng Động, Lâm Động, Hoa Động, Tân Dương, Dương Quan and 2 towns : Minh Đức and Núi Đèo; Núi Đèo is the district's capital.
- Tiên Lãng : area : 180.9 km²; population: 150 000; has 22 communes : Tiên Cường, Tự Cường, Tiên Tiến, Quyết Tiến, Khởi Nghĩa, Cấp Tiến, Kiến Thiết, Đoàn Lập, Bạch Đằng, Toàn Thắng, Tiên Thắng, Tiên Minh, Bắc Hưng, Nam Hưng, Hùng Thắng, Tây Hưng, Tiên Hưng, Vinh Quang, Đại Thắng, Tiên Thanh, Quang Phục, Đông Hưng and 1 town : Tiên Lãng.
- Vĩnh Bảo : area : 180.54 km²; population : 185.000; has 29 communes : Giang Biên, Việt Tiến, Vĩnh Long, Hùng Tiến, Tân Liên, Tam Đa, Vinh Quang, Thanh Lương, Lý Học, Hòa Bình, Vĩnh Phong, Cao Minh, Vĩnh Tiến, Thắng Thủy, Dũng Tiến, Trung Lập, Vĩnh An, Hiệp Hòa, An Hòa, Nhân Hòa, Hưng Nhân, Đồng Minh, Liên Am, Tam Cường, Tiền Phong, Cộng Hiền, Cổ Ams5wg6eh7rtj8o9kyjtyhrbew, Trấn Dương, Tân Hưng and 1 town : Vĩnh Bảo
Cát Hải and Bạch Long Vĩ are islandish districts in the Gulf of Tonkin - Cát Hải is a larger island just off Hai Phong's coast, while Bạch Long Vĩ is a small island near the centre of the Gulf.
Sister Cities
| City | Country | Sister city since: |
|---|---|---|
 Seattle |
United States | 1996 [1] |
 Incheon |
South Korea | July 25, 1997 |
 Tianjin |
China | January 8, 1999 |
 Saint Petersburg |
Russia | [2] |
| Vladivostok |
Russia | [3] |
Places of interest
- Cat Ba - Pearl Island
- Cat Ba National Park
- Catholic Cathedral
- Children Amusement Park
- City Exhibition and Trade Center
- Do Son Resort
- Elephant Mountain
- Hai Phong Post Office, built by French colonial government
- Football Stadium
- People's Theatre Lake
- Trading complex includes Big C Center, Metro Supermarket and TD Plaza
- Traditional Trade Villages
- Trang Kenh - Bach Dang
- University Belt
Transport
There is one railway station called Ga Hai Phong and one airport called Cat Bi. There are three flights a day to Ho Chi Minh city. In addition, there are some coach station such as Tam Bac, Niem Nghia, Cau Rao. The railway, which was built by the French, is now very old, so most people choose to travel by coach.
References
External links
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Haiphong |
- Hai Phong government website
- Hai Phong Information
- FallingRain Map - elevation = 4m (Red dots are railways)
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 | Gulf of Tonkin (body of water, China/Vietnam) |
| Linebacker II |
| Scambi (Exchanges) (1954)/Trois Visages De Liege (Three Faces of Liege) (1961)/ Parab (1990 Album by Henri Pousseur) |
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 | Dictionary. The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2007, 2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Updated in 2007. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. Read more |
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| Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. © 2006 Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. All rights reserved. Read more |
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| US Military Dictionary. The Oxford Essential Dictionary of the U.S. Military. Copyright © 2001, 2002 by Oxford University Press, Inc. All rights reserved. Read more |
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| Columbia Encyclopedia. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition Copyright © 2003, Columbia University Press. Licensed from Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. www.cc.columbia.edu/cu/cup/. Read more |
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Mentioned in
- Gulf of Tonkin (body of water, China/Vietnam)
- Linebacker II
- Scambi (Exchanges) (1954)/Trois Visages De Liege (Three Faces of Liege) (1961)/ Parab (1990 Album by Henri Pousseur)
- Battlefield Vietnam: Rolling Thunder (History Film)
- Edward (Irving Jeffrey) Ardizzone (art)
- Red River (river, China and Vietnam)
- Edward Ardizzone (person)
- Easter Offensive
- Hanoi (capital, Vietnam)
- Trois visages de Liége (Three Faces of Liége) (Classical Work)
- Minesweeping (American history)
- Henry Kissinger
- Jean-Marie Le Pen (French politician)
- Naval Mines
