A city of northeast Vietnam on the Red River delta near the Gulf of Tonkin. Established in 1874, it was shelled by the French in 1946 and heavily bombed by U.S. forces from 1965 to 1968 and again in 1972 during the Vietnam War. Population: 646,000.
Haiphong
Dictionary:
Hai·phong (hī'fŏng') 
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A city of northeast Vietnam on the Red River delta near the Gulf of Tonkin. Established in 1874, it was shelled by the French in 1946 and heavily bombed by U.S. forces from 1965 to 1968 and again in 1972 during the Vietnam War. Population: 646,000.
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| US Military Dictionary: Haiphong |
Pron a port in northern Vietnam, on the delta of the Red River in the Gulf of Tonkin pop. 783, 100 (est. 1992). In 1970, during the Vietnam War, President Richard M. Nixon ordered the mining of Haiphong Harbor to cut off Soviet aid. The strategy, originally conceived by the Joint Chiefs of Staff, apparently helped the North Vietnamese to accept a negotiated settlement to the Vietnam War.
See the Introduction, Abbreviations and Pronunciation for further details.
| Columbia Encyclopedia: Haiphong |
Haiphong (hīfŏng'), city (1989 pop. 1,447,523), NE Vietnam, on a large branch of the Red River delta c.10 mi (20 km) from the Gulf of Tonkin. It is connected with the sea by a narrow access channel that requires continual dredging. A major port of Vietnam and one of the largest ports in SE Asia, Haiphong was developed (1874) by the French and became the chief naval base of French Indochina. A shipbuilding industry and cement, glass, porcelain, and textile works were established by the French. At the beginning of the French-Indochina War (Nov., 1946), French naval vessels shelled the city, killing c.6,000 Vietnamese. After the French departed and the state of North Vietnam was created (1954), the silted-up harbor was reconstructed with Chinese and Soviet aid, and the docks and shipbuilding yards were repaired and modernized. The old French cement plant was enlarged, and fish-canning, chemical-fertilizer, machine-tool, and additional textile industries were established. During the Vietnam War, Haiphong was severely bombed by the United States; the shipyards and the industrial section of the city were devastated, rail connections with Hanoi were disrupted, and thousands of homes were destroyed. The harbor was mined by U.S. naval planes in May, 1972, and effectively sealed until the mines were swept by U.S. forces after the cease-fire agreement in 1973. Reconstruction, while slow, was aided by the dismantling and relocation of many of the factories during the bombings; when returned to Haiphong, much of the machinery was able to function in ruined structures. Haiphong has been substantially rebuilt; a steel plant was built there in the mid-1990s.
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| Hải Phòng | |
|---|---|
| — Centrally-governed city — | |
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| Coordinates: 20°51′N 106°41′E / 20.85°N 106.683°E | |
| Country |  Vietnam |
| Area | |
| - Total | 1,507.57 km2 (582.1 sq mi) |
| Population | |
| - Total | 1,884,685 |
| Website | www.haiphong.gov.vn |
Hai Phong (Vietnamese: Hải Phòng, pronounced [hãj fɔ̂ŋ] (
listen); meaning "Coastal Defence") is the third most populous city in Vietnam.
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Contents
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Geography
Hai Phong is located in the center of the Red River. It is approximately 100 kilometres from Hanoi, the Vietnamese capital, and serves as the primary seaport for the northern region of Vietnam.
History
Hai Phong was originally founded by Le Chan, the female general of a Vietnamese revolution called Hai Ba Trung in the year 43 AD. It has existed as a significant port city for at least several centuries, and was one of Vietnam's principal trading centres. When Vietnam was invaded by the French, the city became France's main naval base in Indochina.
After World War II, when Vietnam attempted to regain its independence, Hai Phong was the site of the first military action undertaken by the French.
While it was claimed that the French heavy cruiser Suffren bombarded the city, only 3 avisos participated in the operation that contributed to the start of the First Indochina War[1].
Later, in the Vietnam War, the city was subjected to heavy bombing by US Navy and Air Force strike aircraft due to its status as North Vietnam's only major port. After the war, the city was built up as a significant industrial centre.
Today, known as a port city, it serves the entire northern region of Vietnam and has managed to attract large FDIs that fueled economic rates of growth exceeding 12% per annum over the last decade. In 1881, the storm hit Haiphong killing 300,000 people.
Places of interest
- Cat Ba - Pearl Island
- Cat Ba National Park
- Catholic Cathedral
- Children Amusement Park
- City Exhibition and Trade Center
- Do Son Resort
- Elephant Mountain
- Hai Phong Post Office, built by French colonial government
- Football Stadium
- People's Theatre Lake
- Trading complex includes Big C Center, Metro Supermarket and TD Plaza
- Traditional Trade Villages
- Trang Kenh - Bach Dang
- University Belt
Transport
There is one railway station called Ga Hai Phong and one airport called Cat Bi. There are three flights a day to Ho Chi Minh city. In addition, there are some coach station such as Tam Bac, Niem Nghia, Cau Rao. The railway, which was built by the French, is now very old, so most people choose to travel by coach.
References
- ^ (French) Maurice Vaïsse, L'Armée française dans la guerre d'Indochine (1946-1954) : Adaptation ou inadaptation, 2000, p. 276
External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Haiphong |
- Hai Phong government website
- Hai Phong Information
- FallingRain Map - elevation = 4m (Red dots are railways)
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 | Gulf of Tonkin (body of water, China/Vietnam) |
| Linebacker II |
| Scambi (Exchanges) (1954)/Trois Visages De Liege (Three Faces of Liege) (1961)/ Parab (1990 Album by Henri Pousseur) |
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 | Dictionary. The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2007, 2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Updated in 2007. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. Read more |
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| Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. © 2006 Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. All rights reserved. Read more |
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| US Military Dictionary. The Oxford Essential Dictionary of the U.S. Military. Copyright © 2001, 2002 by Oxford University Press, Inc. All rights reserved. Read more |
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| Columbia Encyclopedia. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition Copyright © 2003, Columbia University Press. Licensed from Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. www.cc.columbia.edu/cu/cup/. Read more |
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| Wikipedia. This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Hai Phong". Read more |
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Mentioned in
- Gulf of Tonkin (body of water, China/Vietnam)
- Linebacker II
- Scambi (Exchanges) (1954)/Trois Visages De Liege (Three Faces of Liege) (1961)/ Parab (1990 Album by Henri Pousseur)
- Battlefield Vietnam: Rolling Thunder (History Film)
- Edward (Irving Jeffrey) Ardizzone (art)
- Red River (river, China and Vietnam)
- Edward Ardizzone (person)
- Easter Offensive
- Hanoi (capital, Vietnam)
- Trois visages de Liége (Three Faces of Liége) (Classical Work)
- Minesweeping (American history)
- Henry Kissinger
- Jean-Marie Le Pen (French politician)
- Naval Mines
