adj.
Of or relating to a dominant Iron Age culture of central and western Europe, probably chiefly Celtic, that flourished from the ninth to the fifth century B.C.
[After the type site at Hallstatt, a village of northern Austria.]
Hallstatt
Dictionary:
Hall·statt (hôl'stăt', häl'shtät') 
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adj.
Of or relating to a dominant Iron Age culture of central and western Europe, probably chiefly Celtic, that flourished from the ninth to the fifth century B.C.
Related Videos:
Hallstatt |
Britannica Concise Encyclopedia:
Hallstatt |
Hallstatt
Site in upper Austria where objects characteristic of the Early Iron Age (from c. 1100 BC) were first identified. More than 2,000 graves were near a salt mine that preserved implements, parts of clothing, and bodies of miners. The remains are divided into four phases (A, B, C, D), differing according to burial practices, presence of low grave mound or tumulus, relative quantity of bronze and iron, and style of pottery, weapons, jewelry, and clothing. Decoration in general is geometric and symmetrical, with a tendency toward the extravagant.
(click to enlarge)
Bronze bucket found at early Iron Age cemetery at Hallstatt, Austria, about 6th century . (credit: Courtesy of the trustees of the British Museum)
Bronze bucket found at early Iron Age cemetery at Hallstatt, Austria, about 6th century . (credit: Courtesy of the trustees of the British Museum)
For more information on Hallstatt, visit Britannica.com.
Archaeology Dictionary:
Hallstatt, Gmunden, Austria |
[Si]
Prehistoric cemeteries and salt mines in the heart of the Salzkammergut 50km southwest of Salzburg in the Austrian Alps. Excavations since the 19th century have revealed a wealth of material round the town of Salzbertal beside and above Lake Hallstatt. An extensive cemetery excavated between 1846 and 1863 by Johann Ramsauer contained 980 graves, and later excavations found more, bringing the total to over 1100. Most belong to the 7th and 6th centuries bc, and represent the whole community of men and women of all ages as well as children and infants. The wealth of the prehistoric community at Hallstatt was evidently based upon salt mining, and there are abundant traces of the early workings. Finds from the mines included leather knapsacks and clothing which had been well preserved as a result of saline conditions. No settlements of these mining communities have been found to date.
[Sum.: F. R. Hodson, 1990, Hallstatt, the Ramsauer graves. Bonn: Habelt]
Celtic Mythology:
Hallstatt |
Archaeological site in upper Austria that has given its name to the first assuredly Celtic cultural epoch. Specifically, Hallstatt denotes a salt-mining complex over-looking the lake of the same name, extensively excavated between 1846 and 1899.
Synonymous with the early Iron Age, Hallstatt culture flourished in four phases, A, B, C, and D, from as early as 1200 BC to as late as 600 BC; its influence was widespread in Europe from c.800 BC to 450 BC, following the Urnfield culture and being superseded by the La Tène style. Hallstatt art is generally severely geometrical, admired more for its technical than for its aesthetic achievements. Extravagant, almost baroque, Hallstatt felt little of the Greek orientalizing influence. The typical bird motif probably derives from Italy; plant patterns are rare.
Bibliography
- August Aigner, Hallstatt (Munich, 1911)
- J. V. S. Megaw, Art of the European Iron Age (New York, 1970)
Columbia Encyclopedia:
Hallstatt |
Hallstatt (häl'shtät), village, Upper Austria prov., W central Austria, in the Salzkammergut, on the Lake of Hallstatt. A tourist center, it is one of the oldest settlements in Austria. The term Hallstatt now refers to late Bronze and early Iron Age culture in central and western Europe. During excavations in the latter half of the 19th cent., more than 2,000 graves were discovered in an ancient cemetery near Hallstatt. Most of the graves dated to two time periods, an earlier (c.1100/1000 to c.800/700 B.C.) and a later (c.800/700 to 450 B.C.). Near the cemetery, preserved in a prehistoric salt mine, the bodies of miners have been discovered, as well as their implements and clothing.
Wikipedia:
Hallstatt |
For other uses, see Hallstatt (disambiguation).
| Hallstatt | |
 |
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| Coat of arms | Location |
 |
  |
| Administration | |
| Country |  Austria |
|---|---|
| State | Upper Austria |
| District | mixed |
| Mayor | Alexander Scheutz (SPÖ) |
| Basic statistics | |
| Area | 59.8 km2 (23.1 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 511 m (1677 ft) |
| Population | 923 (31 December 2005) |
| - Density | 15 /km² (40 /sq mi) |
| Other information | |
| Time zone | CET/CEST (UTC+1/+2) |
| Licence plate | GM |
| Postal code | 4830 |
| Area code | 06134 |
| Website | www.hallstatt.at
Coordinates: 47°33′21″N 13°38′48″E / 47.55583°N 13.64667°E |
| Hallstatt-Dachstein / Salzkammergut Cultural Landscape* | |
|---|---|
| UNESCO World Heritage Site | |
 |
|
| State Party | Austria |
| Type | Cultural |
| Criteria | iii, iv |
| Reference | 806 |
| Region** | Europe and North America |
| Inscription history | |
| Inscription | 1997 (21st Session) |
| * Name as inscribed on World Heritage List. ** Region as classified by UNESCO. |
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Hallstatt, Upper Austria is a village in the Salzkammergut, a region in Austria. It is located near the Hallstätter See (a lake). At the 2001 census it had 946 inhabitants. Alexander Scheutz has been mayor of Hallstatt since 2009.
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Contents
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Geography
Situated in the south-western shore of the Hallstätter See, the town lies in the geographical region of Salzkammergut, on the national road linking Salzburg and Graz.
History
Overview
See also: Hallstatt culture
Salt was a valuable resource, so the region was historically very wealthy. It is possible to tour the world's first known salt mine, located above downtown Hallstatt.
The village also gave its name to the early Iron Age Hallstatt culture and is a World Heritage Site for Cultural Heritage. Hallstatt is a popular tourist attraction owing to its small-town appeal and can be toured on foot in ten minutes.
Early history
There are to date no recorded notable events that took place in Hallstatt during Roman rule or the early Middle Ages. In 1311, Hallstatt became a market town, a sign that it had not lost its economic value. Today, apart from salt production, which since 1595 is transported for 40 kilometers from Hallstatt to Ebensee via a brine pipeline, tourism plays a major factor in the town's economic life. Tourists are told that Hallstatt is the site of "the world's oldest pipeline"[1], which was constructed 400 years ago from 13,000 hollowed out trees.[2] There is so little place for cemeteries that every ten years bones used to be exhumed and removed into an ossuary, to make room for new burials.[3] A collection of elaborately decorated skulls with the owners' names, professions, death dates inscribed on them is on display at the local chapel.[4]
19th century
Until the late 19th century, it was only possible to reach Hallstatt by boat or via narrow trails. The land between the lake and mountains was sparse, and the town itself exhausted every free patch of it. Access between houses on the river bank was by boat or over the upper path, a small corridor passing through attics. The first road to Hallstatt was only built in 1890, along the west shore, partially by rock blasting.
However this secluded and inhospitable landscape nevertheless counts as one of the first places of human settlement because of the rich sources of natural salt, which have been mined for thousands of years, originally in the shape of hearts. Some of Hallstatt's oldest archaeological finds, such as a shoe-last celt, date back to around 5500 BC. In 1846 Johann Georg Ramsauer discovered a large prehistoric cemetery close by the current location of Hallstatt. Ramsauer's work at the Hallstatt cemeteries continued till 1863, unearthing more than 1000 burials. It is to his credit and to the enormous benefit of archaeology that he proceeded to excavate each one with the same slow, methodical care as the first. His methods included measuring and drawing each find, in an age before color photograph, he produced very detailed watercolors of each assemblage before it was removed from the ground. In the history of Archaeology Ramsauer's work at Hallstatt helped usher in a new more methodic way of doing Archeology. In addition, one of the first blacksmith sites was excavated there. Active trade and thus wealth allowed for the development of a highly developed culture, which, after findings in the Salzberghochtal, was named the Hallstatt culture. This lasted from approximately 800 to 400 BC, and now the town's name is recognised worldwide.
Gallery
 Central Square (Marktplatz) |
 An ossuary |
 Sunrise over Hallstatt |
References
- ^ Neal Bedford, Gemma Pitcher. Austria. Lonely Planet, 2005. Page 56.
- ^ Billie Ann Lopez. "Hallstatt's White Gold - Salt". http://www.virtualvienna.net/columns/billie/hallstatt/hallstatt.html. Retrieved 2007-05-15.
- ^ Ibidem.
- ^ Matys, Simon. The Archaeology of Human Bones. Routledge, 1998. ISBN 0415166217. Page 108.
See also
External links
Media related to Hallstatt at Wikimedia Commons- Hallstatt's government
- Hallstatt in various languages
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 | Dictionary. The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2007, 2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Updated in 2009. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. Read more |
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| Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. © 1994-2009 Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. All rights reserved. Read more |
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| Archaeology Dictionary. The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Archaeology. Copyright © 2002, 2003 by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. Read more |
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| Celtic Mythology. A Dictionary of Celtic Mythology. Copyright © James MacKillop 1998, 2004. All rights reserved. Read more |
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