Harmony Korine (born January 4, 1973)[1] is an American film director, producer, screenwriter, and author.
He is best known for writing Kids and for directing Gummo, Julien Donkey-Boy and Mister Lonely. He has been a prominent figure in independent film, music and art throughout the past decade. His latest film Trash Humpers' premiered at Toronto International Film Festival and won the main prize, the DOX Award, at CPH:DOX - Copenhagen International Documentary Festival - in November 2009.
Early life
Korine was born in Bolinas, California to Eve and Sol Korine and raised in Nashville, Tennessee. Sol produced documentaries for PBS in the ‘70s about an "array of colourful Southern characters" and taught Korine how to use a Bolex camera.[2] As a child, Korine watched movies with his father, who rented Buster Keaton films and took him to see Even Dwarfs Started Small in the theater. Korine reminisces, "I knew there was a poetry in cinema that I had never seen before that was so powerful."[3][4] Korine spent his childhood in Nashville, attending Hillsboro High School before moving to New York City to live with his grandmother.[1] As a teenager, Korine frequented revival theaters, watching classic films by John Cassavetes, Werner Herzog, Jean-Luc Godard, Rainer Werner Fassbinder, and Alan Clarke. He studied Dramatic Writing at Tisch School of the Arts at New York University for one semester before dropping out to pursue a career as a professional tapdancer.
Film career
Kids & Gummo (1995-1998)
Korine was skating with friends in Washington Square Park when he caught the eye of photographer Larry Clark. Korine showed Clark a "35-page script he'd written about a kid whose father took him to a prostitute on his 13th birthday".[5] Impressed, the photographer asked him to compose a script about skaters and to include in the plot a teenage AIDS experience.[6] Korine told Clark, "I've been waiting all my life to write this story."[7] Within three weeks, Korine wrote Kids, a film about 24 hours in the sex and drug filled lives of several Manhattan teenagers that has been touted as a realistic viewpoint of youth in New York City during the AIDS crisis. Kids garnered good reviews, but due to its NC-17 rating, few audiences actually saw the film upon its debut. However, it has since become a significant cult film. Among others, the film features Chloë Sevigny and Rosario Dawson in their first movie roles. The film, while controversial, jumpstarted Korine's career. This put him into contact with film producer Cary Woods who budgeted about $1 million to produce Gummo, Korine's personal vision.[5]
In 1997, Korine wrote and directed Gummo, a film based on life in Xenia, Ohio, a town devastated by a tornado in the early 1970s. Forgoing conventional narrative, Gummo embodies sketches written by Korine, hence the nonlinear, fragmented events over the course of the film capitalizing on the obscure. Much of the cast was found during preproduction where it was filmed in Tennessee, and of all those who appeared in the film, only five were experienced actors. The film is notable for having unsettling, often bizarre scenes, as well as its dreamlike soundtrack, which strengthens the disconcerting atmosphere. It features "an eclectic soundtrack including death metal, Madonna and Roy Orbison".[8]
It premiered at the 24th Telluride Film Festival on August 29, 1997. During the screening, numerous people got up and left during the initial cat drowning sequence. Three months later, Werner Herzog called Korine to give praise to the film overall, especially the bacon taped to the wall during the bathtub scene. He told the New York Times, "When I saw a piece of fried bacon fixed to the bathroom wall in Gummo, it knocked me off my chair. [Korine's] a very clear voice of a generation of filmmakers that is taking a new position. It's not going to dominate world cinema, but so what?"[9]
Although a majority of mainstream critics derided it as an unintelligible mess, it won top prizes at that year's Venice Film Festival and earned Korine the respect of noted filmmakers such as Gus Van Sant, among others. Its stature has only grown in the ensuing years, gaining a cult classic status as a truly shocking and experimental film "unlike anything you've seen in a while -- maybe ever" -- and that "if you're the kind of person who claims to be frustrated by the predictability of commercial filmmaking, [it presents] a rare opportunity to put your money where your mouth is."[10]
In 1998, Korine released The Diary of Anne Frank Pt II, a 40-minute three-screen collage featuring a boy burying his dog, kids in satanic dress vomiting on a Bible, and a man in black-face dancing and singing "My Bonnie Lies over the Ocean". It utilizes some of the same actors and themes as Gummo, and can be considered a companion piece. The film "further disgusted critics"[6] and solidified his status as a notoriously shocking and experimental director.
Julien Donkey-Boy & Ken Park (1999-2003)
Julien Donkey-Boy, released in 1999, included a signed Dogme 95 manifesto. While it broke a number of the movement's basic tenets, Lars Von Trier himself lauded Korine's ability to interpret the rules creatively.
The story is told from the perspective of a young man suffering from untreated schizophrenia, played by Ewen Bremner, as he tries to understand his deteriorating world. Julien's abusive father is played by Werner Herzog. At one point, Korine was to play the son, but he backed down and was replaced by Evan Neumann.
Like Gummo and Kids, it too has since become something of a cult classic, a go-to film for those seeking cinema that is, as Roger Ebert said in his three star review, "shocking for most moviegoers", unlike "the slick aboveground indie productions" that are now the norm.[11]
In 2000 The Devil, The Sinner, and His Journey premiered, which featured Korine in blackface as O.J. Simpson and the actor Johnny Depp as Kato Kaelin.
In 2002, Larry Clark made the film Ken Park, based on a script Korine had written several years earlier. The film, another adult tale of youth gone awry, was not distributed in the United States. At the time of its release, Clark and Korine had long since parted ways and Korine had no involvement in its production.
In 2003 he made the television documentary film Above the Below about his friend and collaborator David Blaine and his 44-day stunt in a park over the bank of River Thames in London inside a suspended plexiglas box. A documentary commissioned by Sky Television and Channel 4, it also includes jokes, visual poetry, and music. In addition to the documentary, Korine has worked with Blaine on a number of Blaine's specials.
Mister Lonely & Trash Humpers (2007-2009)
His third feature film, Mister Lonely, was co-written by his brother, Avi Korine and starred Diego Luna, Samantha Morton, Denis Lavant, Anita Pallenberg, David Blaine, Werner Herzog and Mal Whiteley. The movie was released in 2008 and debuted at Cannes.[12] His largest film with a budget of $8.2 million,[13] it received mixed reviews and earned $386,915 in its first 9 months.[14]
The film is the story of "a young American man lost in Paris. He scratches out a living as a Michael Jackson look-alike, dancing in the streets, in public parks, at tourist spots and trade shows. Different from everyone else, he feels as if he's floating between two worlds. During a show at a geriatric home Michael Jackson meets Marilyn Monroe. Haunted by her angelic beauty he follows her to a commune in the Highlands, joining her husband Charlie Chaplin and her daughter Shirley Temple. The commune is a place where everyone is famous and no-one gets old. Here, The Pope, The Queen of England, Madonna, James Dean and other impersonators build a stage in the hope that the world will visit and watch them perform. Everything is beautiful. Until the world shifts, and reality intrudes on their utopian dream."[15]
Korine also appeared in the 2007 documentary film Beautiful Losers in which his life and career were one of the focuses of the film, along with other artists such as Mike Mills, Shepard Fairey and Barry McGee. In the documentary, Korine discusses his motivation as an artist and filmmaker, as well as his inspiration for creating films he has never seen.
In 2008 Harmony Korine was signed to MJZ for worldwide commercial representation.
On 6 September 2009 Korine's latest film, Trash Humpers[16] premiered as part of the Visions section of the 2009 Toronto International Film Festival.[17] Despite its fictional character, the film went straight on to win the top award at the prominent European [[documentary film] festival CPH:DOX - Copenhagen International Documentary Festival - in November 2009.
Unrealized projects
Fight Harm
Korine originally intended to follow up Gummo with a short-lived project known as Fight Harm, filmed by illusionist David Blaine. It comprised footage of Korine engaging random people in actual street fights. In these he followed rules of always provoking the fight and continuing until threat of death. Korine, who often said he would die for the cinema, hoped to make a cross between a Buster Keaton vehicle and a snuff film, but after only six fights, he was hospitalized and forced to abandon the project.[6]
Jokes
Jokes is an unfinished three-part film written by Harmony Korine. The three chapters - Easter, Herpes and Slippers - were to be each directed by different directors.[18]
What Makes Pistachio Nuts?
Previous to Mister Lonely Korine had written a story about a pig named Trotsky. The film was to take place during a race war in Florida and have a boy who would saddle the pig, put adhesive on its feet, climb up walls and throw moltov-cocktails. "It was going to be my masterpiece," Korine comments. The script burnt in a fire and Korine spent $11,000 to try and recover it from his computer. He retrieved one sentence.
Other works
Books
Korine has also published a number of books. In 1995 a screenplay for Kids was published by Grove Press, followed by a collection of the screenplays for Gummo, Julien Donkey-Boy, and Jokes in Collected Screenplays, published by Faber and Faber in 2002. In 2008 the screenplay for Mister Lonely was released by Swiss publisher Nieves with photographs by Rachel Korine and Brent Stewart. The majority of these books differ substantially from the movies eventually produced.
In 1998 Korine published a book entitled A Crack Up at the Race Riots, an experimental novel, described as his attempt to write the Great American Novel in his appearance on Letterman. In November 2008, Drag City published a collection of his fanzines called The Collected Fanzines with skateboarder/writer Mark Gonzalez. 2009 sees Korine returning to the collaborative zine process alongside fellow avant-garde artist Noel Sinclair Boyt. [19]
Art
Korine released a number of photographic collections, usually in conjunction with gallery exhibits. In 1998 he published The Bad Son in conjunction with Taka Ishii gallery in Tokyo, documenting his various photo shoots with Macaulay Culkin. 2002 saw the release of Pass the Bitch Chicken, a collaboration with artist Christopher Wool, which consists of Korine's photographs heavily edited by Korine and Wool. In 2009 he published Pigxote in conjunction with the Vanderbilt University Fine Arts Gallery and released by Nieves. The university describes the exhibition, which runs through Feb. 26, 2009, as culling "together a number of photographs from Korine’s private files in order to reveal a side of the artist’s creative process that remains largely unexamined. Depicting an unnamed, mysterious young girl moving through a televised landscape of shifting contexts, Pigxote further illustrates Korine’s interest in replacing plot lines and expected narrative tropes with intuitively arranged “experiential moments.” They also provide a unique insight into the poetic mind of Nashville’s most compelling prodigal son." [20] Most recently his works were presented in a 2003 exhibition at agnès b's Galerie du jour in Paris, with whom Korine has often been associated.
Music
Korine has directed a number of music videos for artists such as Sonic Youth, Cat Power and Will Oldham (e.g. No More Workhorse Blues). In addition, he sang on Oldham's "Ease Down The Road", and co-authored the lyrics of Björk's musical composition "Harm of Will" from her album Vespertine (2001). In 1999 Korine and Brian Degraw of Gang Gang Dance released a music CD SSAB Songs. "I don't really know what it sounds like", Korine explained to i-D magazine. "I only listened to it once. I think it's the kind of album I'd only listen to once". The tracks labeled "Harmony" on Songs in A&E are named after Korine by Jason Pierce of Spiritualized, who also made the soundtrack to Mister Lonely. "Harmony Korine" is the lead track on the solo album Insurgentes by Porcupine Tree lead singer Steven Wilson.
Themes and influence
Much of Korine's work is based around the dark humor and absurdism involved in dysfunctional childhoods, mental disorders, and poverty.[21] This is often incorporated into surrealist, non-linear forms and presented experimentally (see the mix of Polaroids, Super 8 and 35mm film that makes up Gummo). Blackface, tap-dance, and the mistrel are common elements to Korine's work. "I'm a huge fan of vaudeville - like Fanny Brice, Eddie Cantor, and Al Jolson... There's this random tragedy associated with the decline of the vaudeville entertainer, which is a theme in Gummo that I completely stole from vaudeville."[22] Like vaudeville, the narrative of Korine's work is abstract and works by association. Korine compares this concept to a book of private photos. On their own each photo would be seemingly random and devoid of context, but because they are compiled in one volume and presented in succession, a narrative exists. "That's how Gummo was written."[22] Korine does not try write messages or meanings into his scripts, as he finds it belittling to the audience. With his films, Korine strives to retain a "margin of the undefined."[11]
Though mainstream success has eluded Korine, he has gained a significant cult following. Despite the scorn of a majority of mainstream reviewers, he has won festival prizes at Venice and Rotterdam, among others, and established directors such as Bernardo Bertolucci and Gus Van Sant are outspoken proponents of Korine's work. On Gummo Van Sant said it "changed his life"[23] and Bertolucci said Korine has "created a revolution in the language of cinema."[24] A significant number of scholarly essays have been written on the importance of his oeuvre to film and art in general.[25]
The Toronto International Film Festival writes, "Such is the dilemma with Korine and his remarkable career; for all the fireworks, there is an impressive coherence in the subject matter of his work. His four feature films all seek to shed light on a certain class of people: unique and bizarre individuals usually lumped under the heading of 'subculture.' ... His portraits come from many angles - the baroque stillness of Gummo contrasts radically with the rough-hewn melodrama of Julien Donkey-Boy. His last film, Mister Lonely, had an epic quality and interest in celebrity that Trash Humpers disdains, preferring instead a low-end surveillance-video look with frequent in-camera lighting distortions and a cinéma-vérité authenticity.[26]
Recurrent in his work (with the exception perhaps of Mister Lonely) is a portrait of what Korine calls the "American Landscape."[27] He recently stated "to me, the most beautiful thing in the world is an abandoned parking lot and a soiled sofa on the edge… with a street lamp off to the side. America seems like a series of abandoned parking lots, streetlights and abandoned sofas."[28] Such a statement gives insight into Korine's complex aesthetic.
Korine has frequently been labeled as an enfant terrible and been accused of exploitation and self-indulgance, to which he has responded, "How can an artist be expected not to be self-indulgent? That's the whole thing that's wrong with filmmaking today... To me, art is one man's voice, one idea, one point-of-view, coming from one person." [29] Korine feels there is no need to justify or explain the images he puts to the screen, in that they are simply the result of "a cinema of passion and obsession."[22] Korine adds, "Film is like a dead art because of people not taking chances."[29] To Korine, the only films that matter are the auteurist works.[30]
In his films, Korine attempts to convey a poetic, or "estatic truth" as filmmaker and friend, Werner Herzog termed in his 1999 Minnesota declaration. Korine is also proponent of what he calls a "mistake-ist" artform. During Julien Donkey-Boy Korine went so far as to write a "Mistakist declaration", which has been published in his Collected Screenplays.
On the current state of cinema, Korine comments, "When I look at the history of film - the early commercial narrative movies directed by D.W. Griffith, say - and then look at where films are now, I see so little progression in the way they are made and presented, and I'm bored with that. Film can be so much more."[4]
On looking for meaning in his films Korine states, "I think people will lose the film as soon as they start trying to figure out my logic or what I'm doing or while they're watching it start to dissect metaphors... I'm not really so interested in it working on a purely cerebral level. I'm much more concerned with it on an emotional level and that you leave feeling a certain way."[31] Korine states that if there is at least one image that sticks with you after viewing the film, then it is a success.[23]
Producer Cary Woods writes, "I think the best hope for cinema is allowing people who are artists to make a movie that isn't wholly ruled by screenplay structure... [Korine's] a storyteller, and he's gone out of his way to put images that are moving on the screen, and meaningful in some way."[23]
As critic Roger Ebert said in his review of Julien Donkey-Boy, "Korine, who at 25 is one of the most untamed new directors, belongs on the list with Godard, Cassavetes, Herzog, Warhol, Tarkovsky, Brakhage and others who smash conventional movies and reassemble the pieces... Harmony Korine is the real thing, an innovative and gifted filmmaker whose work forces us to see on his terms."[11]
In 1997, Korine's favorite writers were listed as James Thurber, S. J. Perelman, and Flannery O'Connor.[23] Korine has noted british filmmaker Alan Clarke as an influence. (See Elephant)[32]
In a 1999 Dazed and Confused magazine article Korine listed his top ten films as: Pixote by Hector Babenco, Badlands and Days of Heaven by Terrence Malick, Fat City by John Huston, Stroszek by Werner Herzog, The Killing of a Chinese Bookie and A Woman Under the Influence by John Cassavetes, McCabe and Mrs. Miller by Robert Altman, Out of the Blue by Dennis Hopper and Hail Mary by Jean-Luc Godard.
References
- ^ a b "Harmony Korine Biography." Retrieved on 2009-10-26.
- ^ Lim, Dennis. "Harmony Korine’s Trash Humpers". Cinema Scope. Retrieved on 2009-10-28.
- ^ Cunha, Tom. 1997-10-06. "A Conversation with Harmony Korine". IndieWire. Retrieved 2009-11-06.
- ^ a b Herzog, Werner. Nov, 1997. "Gummo's Whammo". Interview. Retrieved 2009-11-06.
- ^ a b Taubin, Amy. 1995. "Skating The Edge With Kids." Village Voice. Retrieved 2009-10-29.
- ^ a b c allmovie ((( Harmony Korine > Biography )))
- ^ Bowen, Peter. Summer 1995. "The Little Rascals." Retrieved 2009-10-29.
- ^ http://ablogforblackpaul.blogspot.com/
- ^ "Harmony-Korine.com – News" (html). http://www.harmony-korine.com/paper/main/c_gummo.html. Retrieved 2007-03-22.
- ^ "Fine Line Features" (html). http://www.finelinefeatures.com/gummo/review02.html. Retrieved 2007-03-22.
- ^ a b c Ebert, Roger (1999). "Harmony Korine" (xhtml). Movie Reviews. rogerebert.com. http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/19991105/REVIEWS/911050303/1023. Retrieved 2006-12-27.
- ^ european-films.net - preview: Harmony Korine's Mister Lonely
- ^ Screen International Magazine, "Only The Lonely" by Fionnuala Halligan, Feb 2, 2007 p34-35
- ^ "Mister Lonely (2008)". Box Office Mojo. http://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=misterlonely.htm. Retrieved 2009-02-12.
- ^ "Harmony-Korine.com – News" (html). http://www.harmony-korine.com/paper/main/news.html. Retrieved 2006-12-27.
- ^ Bourne, Christopher (2009-09-29) "Harmony Korine's "Trash Humpers"– 2009 New York Film Festival Review ." Meniscus Magazine.
- ^ Renninger, Bryce (2009-08-06) "11 More for Toronto (including Harmony Korine)." IndieWire. Retrieved on 2008-08-06.
- ^ "Jokes. Retrieved on 2009-11-01.
- ^ "Interview: Harmony Korine On His New Collected Fanzines" ([dead link]). http://blogs.villagevoice.com/music/archives/2008/11/interview_harmo.ph.
- ^ [{citation | title= Vanderbilt University
- ^ White, Duncan (2005). "Harmony Korine". Journal of Contemporary Film. http://www.atypon-link.com/INT/doi/abs/10.1386/ncin.3.2.115/1?journalCode=ncin. Retrieved 2007-01-18.
- ^ a b c Walczak, Dantek. 1997. "Harmony Korine Interview." Index Magazine. Retrieved 2009-11-01.
- ^ a b c d Van Sant, Gus. 1997 "Gummo Website Forward. Retrieved 2009-11-02."
- ^ "Gummo." Harmony Korine Fansite. Retrieved 2009-11-02.
- ^ "Harmony Korine – Google Scholar". Google Scholar. Google. http://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=harmony+korine&hl=en&lr=&btnG=Search. Retrieved 2006-12-27.
- ^ Cowan, Noah. "Trash Humpers." Toronto International Film Festival. Retrieved on 2009-10-25.
- ^ Treihaft, Lauren; Brooks, Brian (2009-09-17). "Harmony Korine: 'I’m not going to lie and say that I don’t like provoking an audience'." IndieWire. Retrieved on 2009-09-19.
- ^ Kohn, Eric. (2009-09-30). "His Humps." New York Press. Retrieved on 2009-10-21.
- ^ a b Pride, Ray. 1997. "Disharmony." Toronto International Film Festival Webcast. Retrieved on 2009-11-01.
- ^ Ramos, Steve. 1997-11-06. "Boy Makes World". City Beat. Retrieved 2009-11-06.
- ^ Ramos, Steve. 1997-11-06. "Boy Makes World". City Beat. Retrieved 2009-11-06.
- ^ Kelly, Mike. Fall 1997. "Mike Kelly Interviews Harmony Korine". FilmMaker. Retrieved 2009-11-06.
External links
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Work by Harmony Korine |
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| Written & directed |
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| Only written |
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| Unrealized |
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| Other |
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| Television |
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| Music Video |
Sunday (1998) · No More Workhorse Blues (2004) · Living Proof (2006)
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| Art, writing, & photography |
A Crack Up at the Race Riots (1998) · The Bad Son (1998) · The Sigil of the Cloven Hoof Marks Thy Path (2000) · Pass the Bitch Chicken (2002) · Collected Fanzines (2008) · Pigxote (2009)
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