Harold Hotelling

Harold Hotelling
Born	September 29, 1895(1895-09-29) Fulda, Minnesota, U.S.
Died	December 26, 1973 (aged 78) Chapel Hill, North Carolina, U.S.
Residence	U.S.
Nationality	American
Fields	Statistics Economics
Institutions	Univ. of North Carolina 1946–73 Columbia University 1931–46 Stanford University 1927–31
Alma mater	Princeton University PhD 1924 University of Washington BA 1919, MA 1921
Doctoral advisor	Oswald Veblen
Doctoral students	Kenneth Arrow Seymour Geisser
Known for	Hotelling's T-square distribution Canonical correlation analysis Hotelling's law Hotelling's lemma Hotelling's rule
Notable awards	North Carolina Award 1972
Religious stance	Methodism

Harold Hotelling (Fulda, Minnesota, September 29, 1895 – December 26, 1973) was a mathematical statistician and an influential economic theorist. His name is known to all statisticians because of Hotelling's T-square distribution and its use in statistical hypothesis testing and confidence regions. He also introduced canonical correlation analysis, and is the eponym of Hotelling's law, Hotelling's lemma, and Hotelling's rule in economics.

He was Associate Professor of Mathematics at Stanford University from 1927, a member of the faculty of Columbia University from 1931 until 1946, and a Professor of Mathematical Statistics at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill from 1946 until his death. A street in Chapel Hill bears his name. In 1972 he received the North Carolina Award for contributions to science.

The historian Stephen Stigler has said that it was because of Hotelling's suggestion in a letter to R.A. Fisher that cumulants are known by their now-standard name.

His economics papers have inspired research agenda in several areas still active. Hotelling has a crucial place in the pedigree of modern economic theory. While at the University of Washington, he was encouraged to switch from pure mathematics toward mathematical economics by the famous mathematician Eric Temple Bell. Later, at Columbia University in the '40s, Hotelling in turn encouraged young Kenneth Arrow to switch from mathematics and statistics applied to actuarial studies towards more general applications of mathematics in general economic theory.

Works

• "A General Mathematical Theory of Depreciation", 1925, Journal of ASA.
• "Differential Equations Subject to Error", 1927, Journal of ASA
• "Applications of the Theory of Error to the Interpretation of Trends", with H. Working, 1929, Journal of ASA.
• "Stability in Competition", 1929, EJ.
• "The Economics of Exhaustible Resources", 1931, JPE.
• "The Generalization of Student's Ratio", 1931, Annals of Mathematical Statistics.
• "Edgeworth's Taxation Paradox and the Nature of Supply and Demand Functions", 1932, JPE.
• "Analysis of a Complex of Statistical Variables with Principal Components",1933, Journal of Educational Psychology
• "Demand Functions with Limited Budgets", 1935, Econometrica.
• "The most predictable criterion", 1935, Journal of Educational Psychology
• "Relation Between Two Sets of Variates", 1936, Biometrika.
• "Rank Correlation and Tests of Significance Involving no Assumption of Normality", in "American Mathematical Statistics", 1936 (coauthor M. R. Pabst)
• "The General Welfare in Relation to Problems of Taxation and of Railway and Utility Rates", 1938, Econometrica.
• "The Teaching of Statistics". The Annals of Mathematical Statistics 11 (4): pp. 457-470. Dec. 1940. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2235726. 
• "A generalized T-Test and measure of multivariate dispersion", Proc. Second Berkeley Symposium of Mathematical Statistics and Probability, 1951
• "Golden Oldies: Classic Articles from the World of Statistics and Probability: 'The Teaching of Statistics'". Statistical Science 3 (1): pp. 63-71. 1988. doi:10.1214/ss/1177013001. http://projecteuclid.org/euclid.ss/1177013001. 
• "Golden Oldies: Classic Articles from the World of Statistics and Probability: 'The Place of Statistics in the University'". Statistical Science 3 (1): pp. 72-83. 1988. doi:10.1214/ss/1177013002. http://projecteuclid.org/euclid.ss/1177013002. 

References

• Kenneth J. Arrow, 1987, “Hotelling ,Harold" The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics, v. 2, pp. 670–71.

• I. Olkina and A. R. Sampsonb (2001). "Hotelling, Harold (1895–1973)," International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences, pp. 6921–6925. Abstract.

External links

• Harold Hotelling at the Mathematics Genealogy Project
• New School: Harold Hotelling
• American Statistical Association: Harold Hotelling

These entries have photographs. There is another at

• Harold Hotelling on the Portraits of Statisticians page.