Harrow School

Harrow School
Mottoes	Latin: Stet Fortuna Domus ("Let the Fortune of the House Stand") Donorum Dei Dispensatio Fidelis (Latin:"The Faithful Dispensation of the Gifts of God")
Established	1572 (1243)
Type	Independent School, Boarding school
Religion	Anglican
Head Master	Barnaby J Lenon[1]
Chairman of the Governors	Mr Peter Siddons
Founder	John Lyon of Preston
Location	Harrow on the Hill High Street London Borough of Harrow London HA1 3HP England
Staff	~200 (full-time)
Students	~800
Gender	Male
Ages	13 to 18
Houses	11
Colours	Blue & White
Publication	The Harrovian
Former pupils	Old Harrovians
Badges	Rampant Lion Crossed Arrows
Website	www.harrowschool.org.uk
Coordinates: 51°34′23″N 0°20′02″W / 51.573103°N 0.333792°W / 51.573103; -0.333792

Harrow School, commonly known as "Harrow", is an independent school for boys in Harrow, a town in the north west London suburbs, on the border of Hertfordshire in the United Kingdom.^[2] Harrow has educated boys since 1243 but was officially founded by John Lyon under a Royal Charter of Elizabeth I in 1572.^[3] Harrow is located in Harrow on the Hill in London, England and has an enrolment of approximately 800 boys^[4] spread across twelve boarding houses,^[5] all of whom board full time.

Harrow is famous for its many traditions and rich history, which includes a long line of famous alumni such as eight former Prime Ministers (most notably Winston Churchill and Jawaharlal Nehru), a host of former British Lords and members of Parliament, two Kings and several other members of various royal families, 17 Victoria Cross holders, and many leaders in both the arts and the sciences. Eton College has been Harrow's rival for over two centuries, and the two schools have a tradition of annual sporting fixtures. Most notable of these is the annual cricket match (dating back to 1805), which is held at Lord's Cricket Ground and has long been a staple of the London society calendar.^[6] It is one of the original nine English public schools as defined by the Public Schools Act 1868.^[7]

History

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A school in the location of the school is known to have boys since 1243 but the school in its current state was founded in February 1572 under the Royal Charter granted by Queen Elizabeth I to John Lyon, a local wealthy farmer.^[8] It was only after the death of his wife in 1608 that the construction of the first school building began. It was completed in 1615 and remains to this day, however it is now much larger.

The school grew gradually over time but growth became rapid during Imperial times as British prosperity grew.^[9] Lyon died in 1592, leaving his assets to two causes, the lesser being the school, and by far the greater beneficiary being the maintenance of a road to London, 10 miles (16 km) away. The school owned and maintained this road for many years following Lyon’s death and the whole school still runs along this 10 mile road in an event called “Long Ducker” every November. At its beginning, the primary subject taught was Latin, and the only sport was archery with both subjects being compulsory. Although most boys were taught for free, their tuition paid for by Lyon's endowment, there were a number of fee-paying "foreigners" (boys from outside the parish). It was their presence that amplified the need for boarding facilities. By 1700 for every local there were two foreign pupils; this was used as a way to generate funds for the school as fees increased. By 1876 the ratio was so high that John Lyon Lower School was brought under the authority of the governors of the Upper School so that the school remained within its charge of providing education for the boys of the parish. It is now known as The John Lyon School and is a prominent independent school in England. It maintains close links with Harrow.^[8]The majority of boarding houses were constructed in Victorian times, when the number of boys increased dramatically.^[10]

Old Schools

The 20th century saw the innovation of a central dining hall, the demolition of small houses and further modernisation of the curriculum. Presently there are approximately 800 boys boarding at Harrow.^[4]

In 2005 the school was one of fifty of the country's leading independent schools which were found guilty of running an illegal price-fixing cartel, exposed by The Times, which had allowed them to drive up fees for thousands of parents.^[11] Each school was required to pay a nominal penalty of £10,000 and all agreed to make ex-gratia payments totalling £3,000,000 into a trust designed to benefit pupils who attended the schools during the period in respect of which fee information was shared.^[12]

The School Governors recently introduced Harrow to the international community by opening two new schools, one in Beijing, China, and Harrow International School in Bangkok, Thailand.^[13] A twelfth school house is in the early stages of development.

Notable alumni

The original Old Schools, as they were in 1615

Harrow has many notable alumni, who are known as Old Harrovians, including seven former British Prime Ministers including Winston Churchill and Robert Peel (the creater of the modern Police Force and the Conservative Party), and the first Prime Minister of India, Jawaharlal Nehru. In addition, nineteen Old Harrovians have been awarded the Victoria Cross.^[9]

The school has educated two national Kings: King Hussein of Jordan and his cousin, Faisal II, the last King of Iraq, and had among its pupils a large number from the Thai, Indian, Malaysian and Middle Eastern royal families. A number of members of the British Royal Family have also attended the school.

Other notable alumni include writers (including Lord Byron, Sir Terence Rattigan and Richard Curtis), aristocrats (including the current richest British subject, the current Duke of Westminster and the prominent reformist Lord Shaftesbury) and business people (including DeBeers chairman Nicky Oppenheimer and Pret a Manger founder Julian Metcalfe) and the big game hunter and artist General Douglas Hamilton.

Prominent 21st-century celebrities who attended Harrow include eccentric horse-racing pundit John McCririck and singer James Blunt, while fictional Old Harrovians include Withnail from the film Withnail and I.

School Traditions

A modern view from the library to the Old Schools, one of the sets of the Harry Potter films

Uniform

Boys at Harrow have two uniforms. Weekday dress at Harrow consists of a white shirt, black silk tie, grey trousers, black shoes, blue jumper (sweater), a dark blue woollen uniform jacket, the school blue and white scarf on cold days and, notably, a boater style straw hat with a dark blue band. Variations include Boys who are monitors who are allowed to wear a jumper of their choice and members of certain societies who wear earned scarves, neck and bow ties.^[14] Sunday dress consists of a black tailcoat, pinstriped trousers, a black waistcoat, black tie, braces and a white shirt. Variations include a grey waistcoat for those in the top sports teams, red waistcoats for members of “The Guild” which is the school’s prominent arts society, a hat with black speckles for boys in the 1st XI Cricket, and a top hat and cane for school monitors.

Practices

Every new boy who enters the school is given a two week period of time called “grace” when they are not fully subject to all school rules and are shown the ropes by an assigned boy in the year above called a “Sheppard”. When this period of time ends the boy sits the “new boys’ test” which tests general knowledge of the school’s traditions. Some time later all new boys also sing a solo in front of their house at a house songs, officially ending their time as a new boy.

All boys are required to wear their hats on High Street and to “cap” all teachers who pass them which is done by the boy raising his forefinger to the brim of his hat.

Songs

Songs have been an important part of Harrow life ever since John Farmer, a former head of music, wrote the first song in 1864. The school considers them to be a unifying force as they are sung by the boys in their houses every term. Songs are sung by the whole school to audiences of parents, former pupils of the school, and guests of honour that have, in the past, included members of the royal family and representatives from previous governments. The song Forty Years On has become known as the school song, although in reality it is one of many.^[15]

Harrow football

Harrow has its own unique style of soccer called Harrow Football.The purpose of the game is to score a 'base', which is achieved by kicking the ball between a pair of vertical posts, located at each end of the ground, similar to rugby posts but without a cross-bar. This may be done either from open play or from 'yards' and the kick may be of any height. An important feature is the offside rule whereby a player must be behind the ball before he can play it. Handling is allowed from a kick on the volley: the ball may be caught and a call of "yards" allows the catcher a space of three running yards unmolested and a free kick out of the hands.^[16]

The Harrovian

The Harrovian is the school newspaper that is published weekly during term time. Its articles are written anonymously and the school stresses that the opinions expressed in the newspaper do not reflect school policy. The newspaper is published as both an organ of record and a forum for comment, debate and the expression of individual opinions in the school. The Harrovian is also published online by the Harrow Association.^[17]

Harrow terminology

Harrow is famous for its unusually large amount of jargon specific to the school that pupils use. The following words and phrases are used during everyday life at Harrow. The origins of many of the terms have been lost through the passage of time.^[14]

Harrow curriculum

During their first year boys take English, French, Mathematics, Biology, Chemistry, Physics, History, Geography, Latin or Classical Civilisation or Mandarin, Religious Studies, Art, Music, Design Technology and Information Technology. Greek, German or Spanish is offered to boys with good linguistic ability.^[19]

During their second and third years, boys work towards their GCSE examinations. By the end of the third year all boys will have taken English Language, English Literature, French, Mathematics, Religious Studies and a Science. In addition to these core subjects pupils choose, in a wide variety of combinations, four other subjects from History, Geography, Latin, Classical Civilisation, Greek, German, Spanish, Italian, Biology, Chemistry, Physics, Music, Art and Design Technology.^[19]

In the Sixth Forms all pupils are expected to take AS-level in at least four main subjects, going on to A-level in at least three. There are many to choose from including English Literature, French, German, Spanish, Italian, Latin, Greek, History, Geography, Economics, Business Studies, Ancient History, Classical Civilisation, Political Studies, Religious Studies, Mathematics, Biology, Chemistry, Physics, Design Technology, Physical Education, Music, Music Technology, Art, History of Art, Theatre Studies, Statistics and Photography.^[19]

School Grounds

Harrow School has 24 tennis courts which include acrylic, hard and synthetic lawn which belong to Harrow Lawn Tennis Club (HLTC)

Harrow is not built on a campus: it is fully integrated into the surrounding area; there are private houses and shops on the hill, and the main road through the hill is a normal public highway and indeed a bus route. The school is made up of some 400 acres (160 ha) of playing fields, tennis courts, golf course, woodland and gardens.

The School also owns its own working farm. Currently on the farm are a herd of English Longhorn cattle and a flock of Shetland Sheep, until 2003 it was a working dairy farm.

School houses

Harrow School divides its boarders into eleven houses, each of about seventy boys, with one further house, Gayton, used as an overflow. Each house has its own facilities, customs and traditions, and each competes in sporting events against the others.

Until the 1950s there existed what were known as 'small houses' where only 5-10 boys stayed at one time while they waited for a space in a 'large house' to become available (hence the use of the term large house in this article). A twelfth house is in the planning stages and is not aimed to increase the population of the school. Instead each of the present eleven houses will reduce its population in each year thus reducing their individual numbers and filling the twelfth house. The opening date is set for September 2011. The name is to be Lyon's, after the founder.^[5]

House Masters and their families live in the boarding houses and are assisted by House Tutors appointed from the teaching staff. Every House has a residential House Tutor. The House Master oversees the welfare of every boy in his care; for parents he is the main point of contact with the School.^[5]

Each House has a resident Matron and sick room. The Matrons are supported by the School's Medical Centre where trained nursing staff offer round the clock care. The Medical Centre is under the direct supervision of the School Doctor who is available on the Hill every day for consultation.^[5]

There are no dormitories: a boy shares his room with a boy of the same age for the first three to six terms and thereafter has a room to himself. It is very much his own place, his home for the term, where he keeps his belongings, puts up his pictures, does his work and leads much of his social life. Each House has a Common Room with newspapers, television and video. All have their own gardens and sports facilities.^[5]

See also

• Harrow History Prize
• List of Old Harrovians
• List of Victoria Crosses by School

References

Literature

• Rimmer, Rambles round Eton and Harrow, (London, 1882)
• Thornton, Harrow School and its Surroundings, (London, 1885)
• Harrow School Register, 1801-93, (London, 1894)
• Minchin, Old Harrow Days, (London, 1898)
• Williams, Harrow, (London, 1901)
• Archibald Fox, Harrow, (London, 1911)
• G. T. Warner, Harrow in Prose and Verse (London, 1913)
• Christopher Tyerman, 'A History of Harrow School 1324-1991 (Oxford, 2000)

External links

• Harrow School website
• Harrow Association website
• Harrow Development Trust website
• Harrow School Enterprises
• Hills and Saunders Photo archive- This site, run by the Harrow School Archive, contains an index and scans of photos of Harrow boys. The negatives date from as early as the 1800s and were taken on glass plates
• Profile at the Good Schools Guide
• Harrow International School, Bangkok website
• Harrow International School, Beijing website