hat

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(hăt) pronunciation
n.
  1. A covering for the head, especially one with a shaped crown and brim.
    1. A head covering of distinctive color and shape worn as a symbol of office.
    2. The office symbolized by the wearing of such a head covering.
  2. A role or office symbolized by or as if by the wearing of different hats: wears two hats-one as parent and one as corporate executive.
tr.v., hat·ted, hat·ting, hats.
To supply or cover with a hat.

idioms:

at the drop of a hat

  1. At the slightest pretext or provocation.
hat in hand
  1. In a humble manner; humbly.
take (one's) hat off to
  1. To respect, admire, or congratulate.
talk through (one's) hat
  1. To talk nonsense.
  2. To bluff.
throw (or toss) (one's) hat into the ring
  1. To enter a political race as a candidate for office.
under (one's) hat
  1. As a secret or in confidence: Keep this information under your hat.

[Middle English, from Old English hæt, hætt.]



Head covering of any of various styles, used for warmth, fashion, or religious or ceremonial purposes, when it often symbolizes the office or rank of the wearer. In the West, through the Middle Ages, men wore hats in the form of caps or hoods, and women wore veils, hoods, or head draperies. The silk top hat originated in Florence 1760. The derby (bowler) was introduced in 1850. The cloth cap with visor was for decades the international standard for workingmen and boys. Women's hats went through periods of astonishing ostentation, the last being the years preceding World War I. Since 1960 the wearing of hats by both men and women has greatly declined in the West. With 15th-century origins, the broad-brimmed sombrero is still popular in Mexico and parts of Latin America. The people of East Asia have devised head coverings as simple as the near-ubiquitous one-piece flattened cone used when working outside, and as elaborate and decorative as the Japanese cap-shaped kammuri of black lacquered silk decorated with an upright streamer and the imperial chrysanthemum crest. In India the Gandhi cap, fez, and turban are in general use. In regions where the Ottoman Empire ruled (including the Balkans and North Africa), the traditional headgear of the fez and tarboosh remained popular for men until the 20th century. Farther east, from Iran to South Asia (as well as in parts of coastal Arabia), various types of turbans have been worn by men. In the Arabian interior, the Levant, and parts of Syria and Iraq, the kaffiyeh (sometimes called a ghurah), a wide cloth held in place by a camel-hair cord (iql), remains customary, even for men sporting Western attire. In Israel the yarmulke is common, particularly among observant Jews.

For more information on hat, visit Britannica.com.

Common (spoken) name for the circumflex (‘^’, ASCII 1011110) character. See ASCII for other synonyms.


hat, headdress developed from the simple close-fitting cap and hood of antiquity. The first hat, which was distinguished as such by having a brim, was the felt petasus of the Greeks, which tied under the chin and was worn by travelers. The decorative peaked cap was most popular in the Middle Ages. Later the medieval hood evolved into the 14th cent. turbanlike chaperon with hanging ends, called liripipes; the liripipes originated with the tassels on strings that had been added to the hoods of cloaks. The simple close-fitting coifs, gorgets, wimples, and veils of early medieval women gave way (in the 14th cent.) to netlike headdresses of jeweled gold wire known as cauls and crespins and later to conical hennins and large decorative butterfly and horn-shaped headdresses with starched veils. In the 16th cent. the beret, of colorful velvet or silk and richly jeweled, feathered, and slashed, was made fashionable by Henry VIII. Women's head coverings progressed from the nunlike gable headdress to the French hood set back on the head to the small heart-shaped Mary Stuart cap. The 17th cent. saw the high-crowned beaver of the Puritan and the wide plumed hat of the cavalier; by 1660 the brim had become so wide that the corners were turned up forming the tricorne. Women during that century generally wore hoods, although the high-standing, wired lace fontanges and commodes were popular; after 1700 the lace cap became fashionable. By the 19th cent. straw was used in making the recently introduced bonnets for women and Panamas for men. At the same time the beaver, or English round hat, of the 17th and 18th cent. gave way to the silk top hat, or stovepipe; caps and soft felt hats came back into favor; and the derby was introduced by William Bowler in England. Women's hats increased in size with their coiffures, culminating in the plumed and flowered "Merry Widows" of the late 19th cent.; with the advent of the closed automobile, hats became smaller. The 1960s saw a considerable decrease in the wearing and manufacture of hats. See headdress.


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pronunciation

IN BRIEF: A headdress protecting the head from bad weather.

pronunciation Your real boss is the one who walks around under your hat. — Napoleon Hill

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as in: any hat
sign description: The open hand taps the head.




Hats represent concealment (e.g., a magician's hat) and a covering of one's head and mind ("Keep this under your hat"). A tipped hat suggests a greeting and different types of hats symbolize different situations (e.g., a beret suggests the military and a top hat represents magic, a formal occasion, a dance routine).


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The decision height or minimum descent altitude above the highest runway elevation in the touchdown zone (i.e., the first 3000 ft of the runway). The HAT is published on instrument approach charts in conjunction with all straight-in minimums. Also referred to as the height above touchdown zone or the height above the touchdown zone elevation.

abbr. for
  1. hypoxanthine-aminopterin-thymidine (medium); a medium devised to select against cells deficient in hypoxanthine/guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT cells). Aminopterin blocks de novo synthesis of purines and HGPRT cells are unable to utilize the salvage pathway, and hence are killed. It is of particular use in the production of hybridomas.
  2. human airway trypsin-like protease; a serine protease type II transmembrane protein (418 amino acids) of the trachea.
  3. histone acetyltransferase.

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Random House Word Menu by Stephen Glazier
For a list of words related to hat, see:

  See crossword solutions for the clue Hat.
A collection of 18th and 19th century hats

A hat is a head covering. It can be worn for protection against the elements, for ceremonial or religious reasons, for safety, or as a fashion accessory.[1] In the past, hats were an indicator of social status.[2] In the military, they may denote nationality, branch of service, rank and/or regiment.[3]

Contents

History

One of the first pictorial depictions of a hat appears in a Thebes tomb painting which shows a man wearing a coolie-style straw hat. Other early hats were the Pileus, a simple skull cap; the Phrygian cap, worn by freed slaves in Greece and Rome; and the Greek petasos, the first known hat with a brim. Women wore veils, kerchiefs, hoods, caps and wimples. St. Clement[disambiguation needed ], the patron saint of felt hatmakers, is said to have discovered wool felt when he filled his sandals with flax fibers to protect his feet.[4] Structured hats for women similar to those of male courtiers began to be worn in the late 16th century.[5] The term ‘milliner’ comes from the Italian city of Milan, where the best quality hats were made in the 18th century. Millinery was traditionally a woman’s occupation, with the milliner not only creating hats and bonnets but also choosing lace, trimmings and accessories to complete an outfit.[6]

In the first half of the 19th century, women wore bonnets that gradually became larger, decorated with ribbons, flowers, feathers and gauze trims. By the end of the century, many other styles were introduced, among them hats with wide brims and flat crowns, the flower pot and the toque. By the middle of the 1920s, when women began to cut their hair short, they chose hats that hugged the head like a helmet.[5]

Since the early 21st century, flamboyant hats have made a comeback, with a new wave of competitive young milliners designing creations that include turban caps, trompe-l'oeil-effect felt hats and tall headpieces made of human hair. Some new hat collections have been described as "wearable sculpture." Many pop stars, among them Lady Gaga, have commissioned hats as publicity stunts.[7]

Famous hatmakers

Paris millinery shop, 1822

One of the most famous London hatters is James Lock & Co of St James's Street.[8] Another was Sharp & Davis of 6 Fish Street Hill.[9] Stetson is a well-known American hat company.[10] In the late 20th century museums credited London-based David Shilling with reinventing hats worldwide. Notable Belgian hat designers are Elvis Pompilio and Fabienne Delvigne, whose hats are worn by European royals.[11] Philip Treacy OBE is an award-winning Irish milliner whose hats have been commissioned by top designers[12] and worn at royal weddings.[13]

Hat collections

The Philippi Collection is a collection of religious headgear assembled by a German entrepreneur, Dieter Philippi, located in Kirkel.[14] The collection features over 500 hats,[15] and is currently the world’s largest collection of clerical, ecclesiastical and religious head coverings.[16]

Hat styles

Image Name Description
DarkGreenAscotCapOnHead.jpg Ascot cap A hard men's cap, similar to the flat cap, but distinguished by its hardness and rounded shape.
Akubra-style hat.jpg Akubra Australian felt hat with a wide brim.
Korean hat-Ayam-01.jpg Ayam A Korean traditional winter cap mostly worn by women in the Joseon period from 1392 – 1910.
20070102 per erik strandberg balaclava 1.jpg Balaclava A form of headgear covering the whole head, exposing only the face or upper part of it, and sometimes only the eyes. Also known as a ski mask.
Balmoral bonnet black.jpg Balmoral bonnet Traditional Scottish bonnet or cap worn with Scottish Highland dress.
Katalanische Barretina.jpg Barretina A traditional style, in red it is now used as a symbol of Catalan identity. It is worn with the top flopping down.
Texas Tech Red Raiders baseball cap.jpg Baseball cap A type of soft light cotton cap with a rounded crown and a stiff bill projecting in front.
Noogler.png Beanie A brimless cap with or without a small visor once popular among school boys. Sometimes includes a propeller.

In New Zealand, Australia, the United States and the United Kingdom, the term "beanie" may also be applied to a knit cap known as a tuque, see below.

1st Sardinia Grenadiers Bastille Day 2007 n1.jpg Bearskin The tall, furry, full dress uniform hat of the Brigade of Guards designed to protect the footguards against sword-cuts, commonly seen at Buckingham Palace.
Beaver-felt-hat-ftl.jpg Beaver hat Hats made of felted beaver fur.
Austria-GreenBeret.jpg Beret Soft round cap, usually of wool felt, with a bulging flat crown and a tight fitted headband with no brim, worn by both men and women and traditionally associated with France. Also used in the military.
Detail from a painting of Napoleon.jpg Bicorne Broad brimmed felt hat with the brim folded up and pinned front and back to create a long horned shape, also known as a cocked hat. Worn by European military officers in the 1790s.
Biret.JPG Biretta A square cap with three or four ridges or peaks worn by Roman Catholic clergy and some Anglican and Lutheran clergy.
BoaterStrawHat wb.jpg Boater Flat-brimmed and flat-topped straw hat, formerly worn by seamen, and now mostly at summer regattas or garden parties, often with a ribbon in club or college colors.
Tigerstripehat.JPG Boonie hat A soft cotton wide-brim hat commonly used by militaries. Similar to a bucket hat.
1800s Boss of the plains 5.jpg Boss of the plains A lightweight all-weather hat with a high rounded crown and a wide flat brim, designed by John B. Stetson for the demands of the American west.
Bowler Hat sw fcm.jpg Bowler / Derby A hard felt hat with a rounded crown created in 1850 by Lock's of St James's, the hatters to Thomas Coke, 2nd Earl of Leicester, for his servants. Sometimes known as a derby hat.
Bucket hat line drawing.svg Bucket hat A soft cotton hat with a wide, downwards-sloping brim.
8e hussards 1804(fr).jpg Busby A small fur military hat.
Mary Bomar.jpg Campaign hat A broad-brimmed felt or straw hat, with a high crown, pinched symmetrically at the four corners (the "Montana crease").
Not what you may think - these are nazarenos (hooded penitents) in the Holy Week parade in Granada (IMG 5519a).jpg Capirote A pointed hat of conical form worn in religious processions in Spain by the Nazarenos (see Holy Week in Seville).
PilgrimsHat.jpg Capotain A hat worn from the 1590s through the 1640s in England and Northwestern Europe. It is also commonly called a Pilgrim hat.
Zitoune cyclisme.JPG Casquette A small-peaked cap often worn by cyclists.
Caubeen.png Caubeen An Irish beret.[17]
Gorro chilote.JPG Chilote cap A woven cap typical of Chiloé Archipelago made of coarse raw wool, usually with a pom-pom at the top.
Greenmustardorangbluechullo.jpg Chullo Peruvian or Bolivian hat with ear-flaps made from vicuña, alpaca, llama or sheep's wool.[18]
Chupallas Chile.jpg Chupalla Straw hat made in Chile.
Vilmabanky.jpg Cloche hat Popular bell-shaped ladies hat of the 1920s.
SidBarnesHeadshot.jpg Cricket cap A type of soft cap that is a traditional form of headwear for players of the game of cricket.
Sombrero-cordobes.jpg Cordobés Flat-brimmed and flat-topped traditional hat originating from Córdoba, Spain, associated with Flamenco and popularized by characters such as the fictional Zorro.
Conical hat.jpg Conical Asian hat Conical straw hat associated with East and Southeast Asia.
Coonskin cap.JPG Coonskin cap Hat fashioned from the skin and fur of a raccoon that became associated with American and Canadian frontiersmen of the 18th and 19th centuries.
Hampshire helmet constable.jpg Custodian helmet Police helmet worn by British constables while on foot patrol.
YellowHardHat.jpg Deerstalker Warm close-fitting tweed cap designed for hunting in the wet and windy Scottish climate, with brims in front and behind, and ear flaps which can be tied together either over the crown or under the chin; closely associated with Sherlock Holmes.
Dunce cap from LOC 3c04163u.png Dunce cap A hat that was used to punish and humiliate students in school during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It is shaped like a cone and often has a big capital 'D' inscribed on the front.
Fascinators.jpg Fascinator A small hat commonly made with feathers, flowers and/or beads.[7] It attaches to the hair by a comb, headband or clip.
Hatt.jpg Fedora A soft felt hat with a medium brim and lengthwise crease in the crown.
Fes.jpg Fez Red felt hat in the shape of a truncated cone.
Flat-cap.jpg Flat cap A soft, round wool or tweed men's cap with a small bill in front.
Korea-gat-01.jpg Gat A traditional Korean hat worn by men.
Gatsbycapsmall.jpg Gatsby A soft brimmed hat popular in New York after the turn of the century made from eight quarter panels. Also known as a newsboy cap.
Omar-n-bradley-contrast-adjusted.jpg Garrison or Forage cap A foldable cloth cap with straight sides and a creased or hollow crown.
YoungMon.jpg Gaung Paung Headwrap worn by the Bamar, Mon people, Rakhine and Shan peoples.
Prince Sultan.jpg Ghutrah Three piece ensemble consisting of a Thagiyah skull cap, Gutrah scarf, and Ogal black band. Gutrahs are plain white or checkered, denoting ethnic or national identities.[citation needed].
Ts17army.jpg Glengarry A traditional Scottish boat-shaped hat without a peak made of thick-milled woollen material with a toorie on top, a rosette cockade on the left, and (usually) ribbons hanging down behind. It is normally worn as part of Scottish military or civilian Highland dress.
Visorlayout.jpg Green eyeshade A common wear for those playing poker.
Schutzhelm.jpg Hard hat A rounded rigid helmet with a small brim predominantly used in workplace environments, such as construction sites, to protect the head from injury by falling objects, debris and bad weather.
Infantry Hardee.jpg Hardee hat Also known as the 1858 Dress Hat. Regulation hat for Union soldiers during the American Civil War.
Robert Ewing 1914.jpg Homburg A semi-formal hat with a medium brim and crown with a crease and no dents.
Skotthufa.jpg Icelandic tail-cap Part of the national costume of Iceland.
Jaapi.jpg Jaapi A traditional hat of Assam, India. There both plain and decorative japies are Available.
Jinnahsideposecap .jpg Karakul (Qaraqul) A hat made from the fur of the Qaraqul breed of sheep, typically worn by men in Central and South Asia and popular among Soviet leaders.
Képi gendarmerie pontificale.jpg Kepi A French military hat with a flat, circular top and visor.
Kippa.jpg Kippah or Yarmulke A small close-fitting skullcap worn by religious Jews.
Rabbi Moshe Leib Rabinovich.JPG Kolpik Brown fur hat worn by Hassidic Jews.
Kofia.JPG Kofia Brimless cylindrical cap with a flat crown, worn by men in East Africa.
PikiWiki Israel 3243 Ein Hahoresh.jpg Kova tembel Cloth hat worn by Israeli pioneers and kibbutzniks.
Umaru Yar'Adua VOA.jpg Kufi A brimless, short, rounded cap worn by Africans and people throughout the African diaspora.
Visita di Papa Benedetto XVI a Genova - 2008-05-18 - Primo piano di Benedetto XVI.jpg Mitre Distinctive hat worn by bishops in the Roman Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox Church, and the Anglican Communion.
Enrique ponce.jpg Montera A crocheted hat worn by bullfighters.
LinusPaulingGraduation1922.jpg Mortarboard Flat, square hat with a tassel worn as part of academic dress.
Mrs Duncan Campbell (Eliza Cooper born 1782).JPG Mother of the Bride Hat A large yet lightweight lady's hat with a wide-brim worn regularly in pre-victorian era Britain, and now mostly at garden parties and weddings.
Pakol - textiles and clothing - Fatima Zehra Girls School - Kandahar - Afghanistan - 10-24-2008.jpg Pakul Round, rolled wool hat with a flat top, common in Pakistan and Afghanistan.
PanamaHatHarryTruman.jpg Panama Straw hat made in Ecuador.
Sunni Muslim man wearing traditional dress and headgear alt1.jpg Papakhi Also known as astrakhan hat in English, a male wool hat worn throughout the Caucasus.
Partyhat.JPG Party Hat A conical hat, similar to the Dunce cap, typically worn at birthday parties. It is frequently emblazoned with bright patterns or messages.
M1951 Ridgeway Field Cap.gif Patrol cap Also known as a field cap,a scout cap, or in the United States a mosh cap.; a soft cap with a stiff, rounded visor, and flat top, worn by military personnel in the field when a combat helmet is not required.
Nathan Twining 02.jpg Peaked cap A military style cap with a flat sloping crown, band and peak (also called a visor). It is used by many militaries of the world as well as law enforcement, as well as some people in service professions who wear uniforms.
Bust Attis CdM.jpg Phrygian Cap A soft conical cap pulled forward. In sculpture, paintings and caricatures it represents freedom and the pursuit of liberty. The popular cartoon characters The Smurfs wear white Phrygian caps.
PithHelmetTruman.jpg Pith Helmet A lightweight rigid cloth-covered helmet made of cork or pith, with brims front and back. Worn by Europeans in tropical colonies in the 1800s.
Planter'sHat.jpg Planter's Hat A lightweight straw hat, with a wide brim, a round crown and narrow round dent on the outside of the top of the crown. Worn by Clark Gable in Gone with the Wind, and Paul Bettany in Master and Commander.
Porkpie.jpg Porkpie Felt hat with low flat crown and narrow brim.
Rasta Man Barbados.jpg Rastacap A tall, round, usually crocheted and brightly colored, cap worn by Rastafarians and others with dreadlocks to tuck their locks away.
Sami hat.jpg Sami hat Also known as a "Four Winds" hat, traditional men's hat of the Sami people.
Шајкача.jpg Šajkača Serbian national hat.
Silver enlaid salakot.jpg Salakot A traditional hat in the Philippines.
Santa Hat.jpg Santa Hat A floppy pointed red hat trimmed in white fur traditionally associated with Christmas.
MuseeMarine-ShakoMarine.jpg Shako A tall cylindrical military cap, usually with a visor, badge, and plume.
Judeu ortodoxo reza com um shtreimel, Kotel, Jerusalém.jpg Shtreimel A fur hat worn by married Hassidic men on Shabbat and holidays.
Australian Army ceremonial slouch hat.png Slouch Generic term covering wide-brimmed felt-crowned hats often worn by military leaders.
Harry S Truman sombrero.jpg Sombrero A Mexican hat with a conical crown and a very wide, saucer-shaped brim, highly embroidered made of plush felt.
Soekarno.jpg Songkok A cap widely worn in Indonesia, Brunei, Malaysia, Singapore, the southern Philippines and southern Thailand, mostly among Muslim males. May be related to the taqiyah.
Felthat.jpg Stetson Also known as a "Cowboy Hat". A High-crowned, wide-brimmed hat, with a sweatband on the inside, and a decorative hat band on the outside. Customized by creasing the crown and rolling the brim.[19]
Ylioppilaslakki.jpg Student cap A cap worn by university students in various European countries.
Tam-o-shanters.jpg Tam o' Shanter A Scottish wool hat originally worn by men.
Taqiyah.jpg Taqiyah A round fabric cap worn by Muslim men.
Tophat.jpg Top hat A tall, flat-crowned, cylindrical hat worn by men in the 19th and early 20th centuries, now worn only with morning dress or evening dress.
Chef Hat.JPG Toque A tall, pleated, brimless, cylindrical hat traditionally worn by chefs.
Rosenberg - Selfportrait.jpg Trilby A soft felt men's hat with a deeply indented crown and a narrow brim often upturned at the back.
Peter the Great Reenactor.jpg Tricorne A soft hat with a low crown and broad brim, pinned up on either side of the head and at the back, producing a triangular shape. Worn by Europeans in the 18th century.
Truckerhat.jpg Trucker hat Similar to a baseball cap, usually with a foam brim and front section and a breathable mesh back section.
Tubeteika.JPG Tubeteika A round, slightly pointed cap with embroidered or applique patterns worn throughout Central Asia.
Tudor Bonnet.JPG Tudor bonnet A soft round black academic cap, with a tassel hanging from a cord attached to the centre of the top of the hat.
Yellowhat.jpg Tuque In Canada, a knitted hat, worn in winter, usually made from wool or acrylic. Also known as a ski cap, knit hat, knit cap, sock cap, stocking cap, toboggan, watch cap, or goobalini.

In New Zealand, Australia, the United States and the United Kingdom, the term "beanie" is applied to this cap.

Sikh wearing turban.jpg Turban A headdress consisting of a scarf-like single piece of cloth wound around either the head itself or an inner hat.
Tyrolean hat 3.jpg Tyrolean hat A felt hat with a corded band and feather ornament, originating from the Alps.
Grayushanka.jpg Ushanka Russian fur hat with fold down ear flaps.
Sombrero vueltiao.jpg Vueltiao A Colombian hat of woven and sewn black and khaki dried palm braids with indigenous figures.
Robert W. Patten (The Umbrella Man).png Umbrella Hat A hat made from an umbrella that straps to the head. Has been made with mosquito netting.
Cardinal zucchetto 2003 modified 2008-15-08.jpg Zucchetto Skullcap worn by clerics.

Hat design

A hat consists of four main parts:[20]

  • Crown - The portion of a hat covering the top of the head
  • Peak (British English), visor (American English), or bill, a stiff projection at the front, to shade or shield the eyes from sun and rain
  • Brim, an optional projection of stiff material from the bottom of the hat's crown horizontally all around the circumference of the hat
  • Puggaree (British) or sweatband or hatband (American), a ribbon or band that runs around the bottom of the torso of the hat. The sweatband may be adjustable with a cord or rope at the top and is on the inside of the hat touching the skin while the hatband and puggaree are around the outside.[21][22]

Hat size

Hat sizes are determined by measuring the circumference of a person's head about 1/2 inch (1.3 cm) above the ears. Inches or centimeters may be used depending on the manufacturer. Felt hats can be stretched for a custom fit. Some hats, like hard hats and baseball caps, are adjustable. Cheaper hats come in "standard sizes", such as small, medium, large, extra large: the mapping of measured size to the various "standard sizes" varies from maker to maker and style to style, as can be seen by studying various catalogues, such as Hammacher-Schlemmer.[23]

Traditional hat size is worked out by adding the fore and aft and side to side measurements (in inches) then dividing by two. In the UK, an equivalent hat size is an eighth of an inch smaller than in the US.

Hat sizes
size Youth S/M Youth L/XL XXS XS S M L XL XXL XXXL
Age (years) 0 ½ 1 2
Circumference in cm 34 43 47 48 49 50 51 - 52 53 - 54 55 - 56 57 - 58 59 - 60 61 - 62 63 - 64 65 - 66
Circumference in inches 13⅜ 17 18½ 18¾ 19¼ 19¾ 20 - 20½ 20 - 21¼ 21 - 22 22 - 22½⅞ 23 - 23½⅝ 24 - 24⅜ 24¾ - 25¼ 25 - 26
UK hat size 5 6 6 6 - 6¼⅜ 6 - 6½⅝ 6 - 6¾⅞ 7 - 7⅛ 7 - 7¼⅜ 7 - 7½ 7 - 7¾⅞ 8 - 8⅛
US hat size 5⅞ 6 6⅛ 6 - 6½ 6⅝- 6¾ 6 - 7 7 - 7¼ 7 - 7½ 7 - 7¾ 7 - 8 8 - 8¼
French hat size 0 ½ 1 2 - 2½ 3 - 3½ 4 - 4½ 5 - 5½ 6 - 6½ 7 - 7½ 8 - 8½ 9 - 9½

References

  1. ^ Pauline Thomas (2007-09-08). "The Wearing of Hats Fashion History". Fashion-era.com. http://www.fashion-era.com/hats-hair/hats_hair_1_wearing_hats_fashion_history.htm. Retrieved 2011-07-02. 
  2. ^ "The social meanings of hats". Press.uchicago.edu. http://www.press.uchicago.edu/Misc/Chicago/117987.html. Retrieved 2011-07-02. 
  3. ^ "Insignia:The Way You Tell Who's Who in the Military". Defense.gov. http://www.defense.gov/news/newsarticle.aspx?id=42199. Retrieved 2011-07-02. 
  4. ^ "History of Hats". Hatsandcaps.co.uk. http://www.hatsandcaps.co.uk/Hat-History-Ahat_history/. Retrieved 2011-07-02. 
  5. ^ a b "Hat history". Hatsuk.com. http://www.hatsuk.com/hatsuk/hatsukhtml/bible/history.htm. Retrieved 2012-01-07. 
  6. ^ "History of Women's Hats". Vintagefashionguild.org. http://vintagefashionguild.org/fashion-history/the-history-of-womens-hats/. Retrieved 2012-01-07. 
  7. ^ a b Millinery Madness: Hat Makers With Attitude
  8. ^ See Whitbourn, F.: 'Mr Lock of St James's St Heinemann, 1971.
  9. ^ For an account of the Sharp family's hat-making business, see Knapman, D. - 'Conversation Sharp - The Biography of a London Gentleman, Richard Sharp (1759-1835), in Letters, Prose and Verse'. [Private Publication, 2004]. British Library.
  10. ^ Snyder, Jeffrey B., Stetson Hats and the John B. Stetson Company 1865-1970, 1997 p.57 ISBN 0-7643-0211-6
  11. ^ "Brussels life". Brusselslife.be. http://www.brusselslife.be/E/article/id/1294. Retrieved 2011-07-02. 
  12. ^ "Philip Treacy 'Hatforms' at IMMA Thursday". Raidió Teilifís Éireann. 5 April 2001. http://www.rte.ie/ten/2001/0405/treacyp.html. Retrieved 11 December 2010. 
  13. ^ Philip Treacy: King of Royal wedding hats Irish Independent, 2011-04-29
  14. ^ "Neue Züricher Zeitung FOLIO". Nzzfolio.ch. 2011-02-08. http://www.nzzfolio.ch/www/21b625ad-36bc-48ea-b615-1c30cd0b472d/showarticle/17b78ab1-fd69-4400-8848-a44e6459cac8.aspx. Retrieved 2012-01-07. 
  15. ^ "Der Spiegel". Spiegel.de. http://www.spiegel.de/panorama/gesellschaft/0,1518,665012,00.html. Retrieved 2012-01-07. 
  16. ^ "Philippi Collection". Philippi-collection.blogspot.com. 2011-11-23. http://philippi-collection.blogspot.com/2011/11/jewish-white-hat.html. Retrieved 2012-01-07. 
  17. ^ "caubeen". Oxford University Press. http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/caubeen. 
  18. ^ Klinkenborg, Verlyn (2009-02-03). "Season of the chullo". International Herald Tribune. http://www.iht.com/articles/2009/01/23/opinion/edverlyn.1-414278.php. Retrieved 2011-07-02. 
  19. ^ Snyder, Jeffrey B. (1997) Stetson Hats and the John B. Stetson Company 1865-1970.p5 ISBN 0-7643-0211-6
  20. ^ "Hat Care". David Morgan. http://www.davidmorgan.com/hatcare.html. Retrieved 2012-01-07. 
  21. ^ Puggaree, the hat band, it's origins (sic) diggerhistory.com
  22. ^ "Puggaree: Definition at". Lexic.us. http://www.lexic.us/definition-of/puggaree. Retrieved 2012-01-07. 
  23. ^ "Helmet sizes". http://www.enduroworld.com.au/helmet_sizes.htm. 

External links


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Dansk (Danish)
n. - hat, kasket
v. tr. - tage hat på

idioms:

  • hat in hand    med hatten i hånden
  • hat trick    tre mål/gærder i træk
  • keep something under one's hat    tie stille med noget, ikke mine ord igen
  • old hat    gammeldags, forældet, umoderne
  • out of a hat    efter eget hovede
  • pull something out of the hat    trække noget op af hatten

Nederlands (Dutch)
hoed, kap, muts, steek, hoedenmaken, een hoed opzetten

Français (French)
n. - chapeau
v. tr. - couvrir d'un chapeau

idioms:

  • hat in hand    (lit) chapeau bas, (fig) obséquieusement
  • hat trick    tour du chapeau, coup du chapeau, (gén, Sport) réussir trois coups consécutifs, marquer trois buts dans un match (football), éliminer trois batteurs en trois balles (cricket)
  • keep something under one's hat    garder qch pour soi
  • old hat    dépassé, déjà vu, vieux jeu
  • out of a hat    comme par magie
  • pull something out of the hat    tirer qch comme par magie

Deutsch (German)
n. - Hut
v. - mit einem Hut bedecken

idioms:

  • hat in hand    demütig
  • hat trick    Hattrick
  • keep something under one's hat    etwas für sich behalten
  • old hat    alter Hut
  • out of a hat    aus dem Ärmel
  • pull something out of the hat    etwas überraschend erreichen

Ελληνική (Greek)
n. - καπέλο (με γείσο)
v. - καπελώνω/-ομαι

idioms:

  • hat in hand    ταπεινά, με την ουρά στα σκέλια
  • hat trick    ταχυδακτυλουργία, (αθλοπ.) επίτευξη τρίτου τέρματος, τρίποντο, τριπλή επιτυχία
  • keep something under one's hat    κρατώ κάτι μυστικό
  • old hat    (καθομ.) ξεπερασμένος, ντεμοντέ
  • out of a hat    στην τύχη
  • pull something out of the hat    παρουσιάζω αιφνίδια

Italiano (Italian)
cappello

idioms:

  • at the drop of a hat    senza indugio
  • hat in hand    rispettosamente
  • hat trick    tripletta
  • keep something under one's hat    mantenere il silenzio su
  • old hat    cose trite e ritrite
  • out of a hat    casualmente, per estrazione
  • pull something out of the hat    tirare fuori dal cappello

Português (Portuguese)
n. - chapéu (m)
v. - cobrir com o chapéu

idioms:

  • at the drop of a hat    imediatamente
  • hat in hand    com humildade
  • hat trick    algo fora do usual (quase mágico)
  • keep something under one's hat    manter segredo
  • old hat    coisa (f) velha (já passou de moda)
  • out of a hat    por sorteio
  • pull something out of the hat    vir com uma surpresa

Русский (Russian)
шляпа, шапка, надевать шляпу

idioms:

  • at the drop of a hat    немедленно, при первом удобном случае
  • hat in hand    подобострастно
  • hat trick    три удачных удара в крикете, три последовательные победы в спорте
  • keep something under one's hat    хранить что-либо в секрете, помнить о чем-либо
  • old hat    старье, давно известные всем вещи
  • out of a hat    прибегнуть к неожиданному трюку в кажущейся безвыходной ситуации
  • pull something out of the hat    прибегнуть к неожиданному трюку в кажущейся безвыходной ситуации

Español (Spanish)
n. - sombrero, gorro
v. tr. - colocar un sombrero o gorro

idioms:

  • hat in hand    respetuosamente, humildemente
  • hat trick    triple tanteo (marcado por el mismo jugador)
  • keep something under one's hat    de esto no decir ni pío
  • old hat    anticuado, archisabido
  • out of a hat    elegir al azar
  • pull something out of the hat    lograr algo como si fuera por magia, sacarse algo de la manga

Svenska (Swedish)
n. - hatt
v. - kläda i hatt

中文(简体)(Chinese (Simplified))
帽子, 戴帽子

idioms:

  • hat in hand    十分恭敬地
  • hat trick    连三胜的出色成绩, 用帽子变的把戏, 巧妙的手法
  • keep something under one's hat    保密
  • old hat    老式的, 过时的, 陈腐的
  • out of a hat    随便地, 像变魔术般地
  • pull something out of the hat    随手制造出...

中文(繁體)(Chinese (Traditional))
n. - 帽子
v. tr. - 戴帽子

idioms:

  • hat in hand    十分恭敬地
  • hat trick    連三勝的出色成績, 用帽子變的把戲, 巧妙的手法
  • keep something under one's hat    保密
  • old hat    老式的, 過時的, 陳腐的
  • out of a hat    隨便地, 像變魔術般地
  • pull something out of the hat    隨手製造出...

한국어 (Korean)
n. - 모자, 뇌물, 여자 애인, 직업, 추기경의 직위
v. tr. - ~에게 모자를 쓰게 하다

idioms:

  • keep something under one's hat    비밀로 하다

日本語 (Japanese)
n. - 帽子

idioms:

  • cocked hat    三角帽
  • hat in hand    帽子を手にして, かしこまって
  • hat trick    ハットトリック, サイクルヒット, 巧妙な手
  • out of a hat    手品のように

العربيه (Arabic)
‏(الاسم) قبعه, منصب, وظيفه‏

עברית (Hebrew)
n. - ‮כובע, מגבעת, עיסוק או אחד העיסוקים של אדם (מדוברת)‬
v. tr. - ‮כיסה במגבעת, סיפק מגבעת‬


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