headache

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Pain within the head. It is probably the most common complaint for which people seek a physician's help. Headaches can be grouped into three primary categories: vascular, muscle-contraction, and organic.

Vascular headaches include classic and common migraine as well as cluster, toxic, and hypertensive headaches. All are caused by dilation of cerebral blood vessels. Constriction of the blood vessels may also occur in any part of the cerebral vascu-lature and cause the neurologic symptoms associated with some forms of vascular headache. Migraine affects one side of the head but may be bilateral. Nerologic symptoms, especially visual disturbances, are common. Cluster headache is the occurrence of migraines in groups or series. The cluster headache is characterized by its one-sided, excruciating attack that is usually localized around one eye. Other forms ofvascular headache may be caused by systemic infection or fever, which causes dilation of the blood vessels. The ingestion of alcohol, poisons, or some medications used to treat hypertension or cardiac disease may produce adverse effects, including vascular headaches. See also Hypertension.

The most common form of headache is the muscle-contraction or tension headache. It is characterized by dull, constricting pain that can either occur intermittently or continue for days, months, or years. Muscle-contraction headaches usually affect both sides of the head and may be described as having a hat-band distribution of pain.

Very few headaches have an organic cause, such as brain tumor or aneurysm. Headache is not a prominent symptom of brain tumor: if present, headache will become progressively worse and constant, and it may not appear until late in the course of the tumor development. The headache associated with an aneurysm is usually mild until the aneurysm is at the point of rupture. If a patient complains of an exceptionally severe headache, organic disease, such as aneurysm, must be ruled out. See also Aneurysm.

Acute sinus headache is characterized by nasal congestion and fever. The headache is minimalin the morning and increases in severity through the day. Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) diseaseinvolves a faulty bite or misalignment of the teeth and can cause a headache. Eye conditions may also cause headache. The increased intraocular pressure of glaucoma, for example, may cause a headache, and so complaints of a recent onset of headache, particularly in the elderly, shouldprompt a screening for glaucoma. See also Glaucoma; Pain.

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Headaches have a variety of causes. Most are relatively trivial including those associated with alcoholic hangovers, exertion, fatigue, emotional stress, and poor posture. Some headaches have more sinister implications and may be associated with food poisoning, very high blood pressure, or brain damage after a blow to the head.

Headaches encountered during or after vigorous physical activity are sometimes called exercise-induced headaches. Typically the headache is benign, occurs suddenly, and produces a throbbing pain. Other headaches, more severe in intensity, may develop after prolonged exertion in heat, high humidity, or at altitude. These effort headaches usually last about one hour and are probably due to acute dehydration. Not surprisingly, footballers sometimes develop headaches and other unpleasant symptoms after heading a ball. These ‘footballers' migraines’ are more likely if the ball is not headed properly. Another common exercise-induced headache is called weight-lifter's headache. This occurs when a person lifts a heavy weight while breathing in or holding breath (see Valsalva's manoeuvre); pressure in the brain increases, precipitating an intense, incapacitating pain.

Headaches may also be diet related: food allergies, low blood sugar levels, and very salty foods can provoke headaches and migraines.

Migraines are severe, throbbing, disabling headaches that usually affect only one side of the head. The pain often starts behind one eye and is accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and visual disturbances (variously described as ‘auras’, ‘shimmering lights’, or temporary ‘blind spots’). Doctors reassure us that migraine is a medically harmless condition, but this is little comfort to those whose lives are periodically disrupted by excruciatingly painful attacks. These usually last from 4 to 72 hours. About 10 per cent of the population in Britain suffer from a migraine attack some time during their life. Women are about three times more likely to suffer from these debilitating headaches than men. A woman's migraine often coincides with the sudden drop in oestrogen levels that occurs just before menstruation. Although there are many theories, the exact cause of migraine is unknown. Migraineurs (migraine sufferers) often attribute their attack to dietary triggers such as coffee, cheese, chocolate, citrus fruits, and red wine. They may be reacting to chemicals in these foods (such as tyramine and phenylethylamine in chocolate, octopamine in citrus fruits, and 5-hydroxytryptamine in tomatoes, bananas and pineapples). An elimination diet is sometimes successful in identifying triggers which can then be avoided. However, for many migraineurs, no obvious trigger can be found. During an attack, most sufferers lie down in a dark room, drink plenty of watery fluids, and keep themselves warm with blankets and hot water bottles. Treatment includes antimigraine drugs, self-hypnosis, and acupuncture.

Those suffering from persistent headaches or severe chronic headaches should seek medical advice. It is especially important to see a doctor if a child has a headache which starts suddenly and is accompanied by a rash, vomiting, high temperature, or a stiff neck.

Headache is arguably the commonest of the human ills, and perhaps, in proportion to its impact, one of the least well understood.

There are many different types of headache, whether considered as to how they behave or as to how they are caused. Headache may broadly be classified as primary or secondary: there are situations in which headache itself is the problem (primary headache), and others in which headache is a symptom of some other condition (secondary headache). Headache has been classified in detail by the International Headache Society, and whole textbooks have been written about it.

The main types of primary and secondary headache are listed in the table, which is based on a population survey. The main primary headaches are migraine (which is considered separately under that heading) and ‘tension-type headache — which is the commonest of all. It is often dull, both-sided, mild but otherwise featureless. It is surprisingly poorly understood. One of the most severe forms of headache, and one of the most difficult to treat, is ‘chronic daily headache’, which involves having headache most days of the week for most of the day. This may be either a form of chronic migraine or of tension-type headache; it is probably experienced in some form by up to 4% of the population, and is often associated with analgesic (painkiller) overuse. The daily headache syndrome is often due in part to the constant cycle of taking painkillers and then having their effects wear off: so-called rebound headache. Regular use of painkillers, particularly those containing more than one ingredient, such as mixtures with codeine, caffeine, or barbiturates, is a potent cause of difficulty in the treatment of headache. Also any regular intake of anti-migraine drugs, including ergotamine and triptans (sumatriptan and related compounds), may potentially cause or aggravate this problem.

Headache does not have any single cause. Just as there are many types of headache, there are many causes of the problem. With respect to the cause of the pain the mechanisms are much less well understood for the primary than for the secondary headaches. Whereas the pain due to injury to the skin, for example, is well understood as being due to stimulation of specific nerve endings in conjunction with local inflammatory events, it is not clear in primary head pain whether the nerves are firing normally or abnormally in response to various stimuli. Much work is to be to done, especially in regard to understanding tension-type headache.

Headache due to serious disease is rare, but a sufferer should be concerned about a headache when it has certain features. These include: sudden onset or sudden worsening, such as a severe headache never previously experienced; headache associated with fever, together with neck stiffness or altered consciousness, such as drowsiness; headache that is gradually worsening over a short period — say one to two months; or headache associated with pain in the temples, and pain on chewing, particularly if there is any visual disturbance. These latter symptoms are very important and a sufferer should seek immediate medical attention.

Most countries have established flourishing patient groups, which can be contacted by reference to telephone directories, such as the Migraine Trust in the UK and the American Council for Headache Education in the US.

	Primary headache		Secondary headache
Type	Prevalence (% of all	Cause	Prevalence (% of all
	primary headaches)		secondary headaches)
tension-type	69	systemic infection	63
migraine	16	head injury	4
idiopathic stabbing	2	vascular disorders	1
exertional	1	sub-arachnoid haemorrhage	<1
cluster	0.6	brain tumour	0.1
Types of headache. After Rassmussen, B. K. (1995) Epidemology of headache. Cephalalgia;15: 45-68.

— Peter J. Goadsby

See also migraine.

Bibliography

• Goadsby, P. J. and Silberstein, S. D. (ed.) (1997). Headache. Butterworth-Heinemann, New York. (Asbury, A. and Marsden. C. D. (ed.) Blue books in practical neurology, Vol. 17.)
• Lance, J. W. and Goadsby, P. J. (1998). Mechanism and management of headache, (6th edn). Butterworth-Heinemann, London

noun

A duty or responsibility that is a source of anxiety, worry, or hardship: burden¹, millstone, onus, tax, weight. See heavy/light, over/under.

n

Definition: nuisance
Antonyms: blessing

Definition

A headache involves pain in the head that can arise from many disorders or may be a disorder in and of itself.

Description

Headaches can be categorized as primary or secondary. Primary headaches occur independently and are not the result of another medical problem. Secondary headaches are caused by illness, infection, or injury and account for less than 10 percent of all headaches.

There are many classifications of headaches, including more than 150 diagnostic headache categories identified by the International Headache Society. In general, there are three types of primary headaches, including:

• Tension headaches—muscular contraction headaches that occur periodically or daily (chronic daily headache). The typical tension-type headache is described as a tightening around the head and neck, and an accompanying dull ache. The headache may last from 30 minutes to several days. Tension headaches usually are not associated with symptoms of nausea or vomiting.
• Migraine—moderate to severe throbbing pain occurring on one or both sides of the head. Migraines are often accompanied by other symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, blurred vision, and sensitivity to light, sound, strong odors, and movement. A migraine with aura has accompanying "warning signs" that indicate a pending attack. A hemiplegic migraine is associated with weakness on one side of the face, arm, or leg. A migraine may last from two to 48 hours and usually occurs two to four times per month.
• Cluster headaches—severe headaches characterized by pain centering around one eye, and eye tearing and nasal congestion occurring on the same side. The headache lasts from 15 minutes to four hours and may recur several times in a day. Cluster headaches have a characteristic grouping of attacks, which may last from two weeks to three months.

Some chronic tension headaches may start as migraines but become daily headaches. These are called transformed migraines. Drug rebound headaches are those that occur from over-using medications for headache pain; they result from exceeding labeling instructions or a physician's directions.

Headaches that occur along with other neurological symptoms, such as balance problems and vision changes, may be a sign of a disease process in the brain. These organic causes of headache may include hydrocephalus (abnormal build-up of fluid in the brain), infection of the brain, tumor, or other conditions.

Demographics

Headaches are very common in children and adolescents. One study reported that 56 percent of boys and 74 percent of girls between ages 12 and 17 have at least one headache within a 30-day period. Tension headaches are the most common type of headache, affecting 15–20 percent of adolescents. The American Council for Headache Education (ACHE) estimates 4–10 percent of children have migraine headaches. Many adults with headaches report that they first began in childhood, and 20 percent report headache onset before age 10. Before puberty, migraines occur equally in girls and boys. After puberty, girls are three times more likely to have migraines than boys because of associated hormonal changes and menstruation. Headaches are a major cause of missed school days.

Causes and Symptoms

Causes

Most headaches in children and adolescents are benign and not the result of an underlying disease or disorder. Rather, most headaches in children are the result of stress and muscle tension, lack of sleep, orthe common cold, flu, or sinus or ear infection.

Traditional theories about headaches link tension-type headaches to muscle contraction, and migraine and cluster headaches to blood vessel dilation (swelling). Pain-sensitive structures in the head include blood vessel walls, membranous coverings of the brain, and scalp and neck muscles. Brain tissue itself has no sensitivity to pain. Therefore, headaches may result from contraction of the muscles of the scalp, face or neck; dilation of the blood vessels in the head; or brain swelling that stretches the brain's coverings. Involvement of specific nerves of the face and head may also cause characteristic headaches. Sinus inflammation is a common cause of headache.

Tension-type headaches are often brought on by emotional or mental stress, overexertion, poor posture, loud noise, and other external factors.

In post-puberty girls, a hormonal connection is likely, since headaches occur at specific points in the menstrual cycle.

Secondary headaches are caused by a wide range of conditions, including some rare diseases and other more treatable conditions. Secondary headaches may be the result of infection, meningitis, tumors, or localized head injury.

Some headaches have a genetic link; sensitivities to certain environmental triggers and migraines also have been identified in one or both parents.

HEADACHE TRIGGERS. Migraines are often triggered by food and environmental factors. Known food triggers include chocolate; aged cheeses; pizza; monosodium glutamate (MSG); bananas; nuts; peanut butter; ice cream; yogurt; fatty or fried foods; processed meats containing nitrates, such as hot dogs and pepperoni; certain food dyes; artificial sweeteners such as aspartame; and caffeine. Environmental triggers include weather changes; smoking; strong odors; and bright lights. Other triggers include sudden changes in sleep patterns and changes in hormone levels. By keeping a headache diary, the child and parents can identify and then avoid the specific substances that seem to cause headache symptoms.

When to Call the Doctor

The parent or caregiver should call the child's pediatrician or neurologist when the child has these symptoms or conditions:

• headache pain that interrupts sleep
• early morning vomiting without an upset stomach
• worsening headache symptoms
• headaches that prevent the child from participating in usual activities
• frequent headaches, occurring three or more times per week
• headache characteristics that are completely different or new
• headache caused by strenuous activity, bending, coughing, or exertion
• headaches that become more severe and/or frequent over time
• family history of neurological disease
• headache pain requiring a pain reliever daily or almost every day
• headache pain requiring more than the recommended dose of over-the-counter pain relievers

The parent or caregiver should seek prompt medical attention when the child has these symptoms or conditions:

• Headache is described as the "Worst headache of my life." This may indicate an aneurysm or other neurological emergency.
• Headache accompanied by weakness, numbness, paralysis, visual loss, speech difficulty, loss of balance, falling, seizures, shortness of breath, mental confusion, or loss of consciousness. These symptoms could indicate a pending stroke.
• Sudden onset of headache, especially if accompanied by a fever and stiff neck. These symptoms could indicate meningitis.
• Visual changes, including blurry vision, "blind spots," or double vision.
• Headaches that persist after a head injury or accident.
• Personality changes or inappropriate or unusual behavior.
• Headaches accompanied by severe nausea or vomiting.
• A fever, rash, or stiff neck that occurs with a headache.

Diagnosis

All children who experience headaches on a relatively regular basis should be evaluated. Since headaches arise from many causes, a physical exam assesses general health and a neurological exam evaluates the possibility of neurological disease that is causing the headache. The doctor will look for signs of illness, including fever, high blood pressure, muscle weakness, difficulties with balance, or visual problems.

If the headache is the primary illness, the doctor elicits a thorough history of the headache to help classify the headache, including:

• age of onset
• duration and frequency
• types of headaches experienced
• when the headaches occur
• pain intensity and location
• accompanying symptoms or warning signs of headache onset
• possible triggers or causes of the headaches
• types of headache treatments used and their effectiveness
• presence of any prior symptoms
• impact on school and activities

The child's medical and family history help the physician determine if the child has any conditions or disorders that might contribute to or cause the headache. A family history of migraines or neurological disease might suggest a genetic predisposition to the condition.

The diagnostic evaluation for headache may include blood tests and urinalysis to rule out other medical conditions that may be causing the headaches. Neurological imaging tests such as computed tomography (CT) scan or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be performed to rule out the presence of neurological diseases or disorders. Other tests may include a sinus x ray and ophthalmology examination. If a condition affecting the brain and spinal cord is suspected, a lumbar puncture or spinal tap may be performed.

A psychological assessment is not part of a routine headache evaluation but may be performed to identify stress triggers.

Treatment

The specific treatment prescribed will depend upon the type and frequency of the headache, its cause, and the child's age.

Headache Diary

A headache diary can be used to record the characteristics of headaches, including possible triggers, such as foods, weather changes, odors, mood, stressful situations, emotions, or menstrual phases. It also can help the doctor identify the appropriate treatment.

Lifestyle Changes

Making certain dietary and lifestyle changes can significantly improve the child's headache symptoms. Exercise is an important part of a healthy lifestyle. It aids in stress reduction and improves circulation, which may help reduce headache symptoms. Relaxation and stress management techniques may help the child cope with headache symptoms. Getting enough sleep is equally important; most children and adolescents need at least eight to 10 hours of sleep per night. Counseling can help the child identify stressful situations or events that cause the headaches. It also can teach the child various coping strategies.

Medications

Some children may find enough relief with over-the-counter pain relievers in the right dose. Other children need more aggressive treatment that includes preventive (prophylactic) medication.

Headache medications are classified as abortive, prophylactic, or symptom relief. Abortive medications treat a headache in progress, prophylactic medications prevent a headache, and symptom relief medications relieve associated headache symptoms.

Abortive medications are taken with the onset of the first sign of a migraine. Some prescribed abortive medications include the triptan drugs such as sumatriptan (Imitrex), zolmitriptan (Zomig), naratriptan (Amerge), and ergotamine tartrate and caffeine (Caffergot).

Prophylactic medications are prescribed to treat frequent tension headaches or migraines, or the combination of both headaches. These medications must be taken daily to reduce the frequency and severity of headaches, and they may take a few weeks to be fully effective. Some prophylactic treatments include antidepressants, antihistamines, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories (NSAIDs), prednisone, beta-blockers, and calcium channel blockers.

Symptom relief medications are used to relieve symptoms associated with headaches, including headache pain or nausea. These drugs may include over-thecounter pain-relieving medications such as acetaminophen, ibuprofen, naproxen, or anti-nausea medications (called antiemitics). Prescribed symptom relief medications may include sedatives (to induce sleep) and muscle relaxants. If symptom relief medications are needed more than twice a week, the child should see his or her doctor, who can make adjustments to the treatment plan. When taken more than three times per week, symptom relief medications can actually cause a type of headache called a rebound headache. To treat rebound headaches, all pain-relieving medications are usually discontinued for a few weeks (as advised by the physician), then used no more than two to three times per week to relieve symptoms.

Alternative Treatment

Alternative headache treatments include:

• relaxation techniques, such as meditation, deep breathing exercises, progressive muscle relaxation, guided imagery, and relaxation to music
• yoga
• acupuncture or acupressure
• biofeedback
• chiropractic
• homeopathic remedies chosen specifically for the individual and his or her type of headache
• hydrotherapy
• massage to reduce stress and tension and relieve tight muscles in the neck and shoulders
• essential oils such as lavender, ginger, peppermint, and wintergreen that can provide relief by simply smelling them or applying them to the temples or neck
• regular physical exercise

Biofeedback, which teaches patients how to direct mental thoughts to influence physical functions, may be helpful for some patients. For example, patients can use certain relaxation techniques to help them learn how their personal response to muscle tension is related to their headache symptoms. By practicing biofeedback, a patient may be able to stop a migraine attack before it occurs or prevent headache symptoms from becoming worse.

Follow-Up Care

It is important for the child to keep a regular followup appointment schedule so the doctor can monitor the effects of treatment and make any necessary medication adjustments.

Prognosis

Most headaches are benign (not the result of a severe disease). Headaches are typically resolved through the use of analgesics and other treatments. As a child grows, the headaches may disappear.

Prevention

Some headaches may be prevented if the child avoids triggering substances and situations, or practices alternative therapies, such as yoga or biofeedback. Regular exercise and good sleep habits also can help prevent headaches.

Nutritional Concerns

Since food allergies are often linked with headaches, especially cluster headaches and migraines, identifying and eliminating the allergy-causing food(s) from the diet can be an important preventive measure. To help control migraines, the child should eat three balanced meals at regular intervals, take a multi-vitamin supplement to maintain adequate nutrient needs, and drink four to eight glasses of non-caffeinated fluids per day. Sports drinks during exercise and during a headache can help balance sugar and sodium levels. To prevent headache symptoms associated with certain foods, parents should work with a registered dietitian to facilitate specific dietary changes. They also should carefully read food labels to identify and avoid dietary triggers.

Parental Concerns

It is important for parents to reassure their child that most headaches are not caused by a serious illness. Parents can help their child create and maintain a headache diary to record headache symptoms, triggers, as well as the duration and frequency of the headaches. Parents should make sure their child drinks enough fluids, eats three well-balanced meals each day, gets plenty of sleep, and balances activities to avoid an over-crowded schedule that may cause stress and lead to a headache. When headaches occur, parents should allow the child to take a nap; a dark, quiet room is usually preferred by the child. In addition, parents can help the child learn relaxation techniques to help relieve or prevent headache symptoms. If the headaches are linked to anxiety or depression, the parents should ask the child's doctor for a referral to a counselor who can provide additional assistance.

Resources

Books

Diamond, Seymour, M.D. Headache and Your Child: The Complete Guide to Understanding and Treating Migraine and Other Headaches in Children and Adolescents. New York: Fireside, 2001.

Silberstein, Stephen D., M.D., FACP, et al. Headache in Clinical Practice. 2nd ed. London, England: Martin Dunitz, Ltd., 2002.

Wolff, Harold G., et al. Wolff's Headache and Other Head Pain. New York: Oxford University Press, Inc., 2001.

Organizations

American Council for Headache Education (ACHE). 19 Mantua Road, Mt. Royal, NJ 08061. (856) 423-0258. Web site: www.achenet.org.

American Headache Society. 19 Mantua Rd., Mt Royal, NJ 08061.(856) 423-0043. Web site: www.ahsnet.org.

MAGNUM (Migraine Awareness Group: A National Understanding for Migraineurs). 113 South St. Asaph St., Suite 300, Alexandria, VA 22314. (703) 739-9384. Web site: www.migraines.org.

National Headache Foundation. 820 N. Orleans, Suite 217, Chicago, IL 60610. (888) NHF-5552. Web site: www.headaches.org.

National Institutes of Health (NIH). National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. NIH Neurological Institute. P.O. Box 5801, Bethesda, MD 20824. (800) 352-9424. Web site: www.ninds.nih.gov.

Web Sites

Excedrin Headache Resource Center. Sponsored by Bristol-Myers Squibb Company. Available online at: www.Excedrin.com.

Headache Impact Test. A tool to measure the impact headaches are having on patients' lives, to track headaches over time, and to share this information with the physician. Available online at: www.headachetest.com.

Migraine Information Center. Sponsored by GlaxoSmithKline. Available online at: www.migrainehelp.com.

"When Kids Get Headaches." The Nemours Foundation. [cited October 12, 2004]. Available online at: www.kidshealth.org/parent/general/aches/headache.html.

[Article by: Julia Barrett Angela M. Costello]

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A pain felt deep within the skull. Headaches have a variety of causes, most are relatively trivial, including those associated with fatigue, emotional stress, and poor posture. Some headaches, however, have more sinister implications and may be due to poisoning, high blood pressure, or brain damage after a blow to the head. Anyone suffering from a persistent headache, or headaches following physical trauma, should seek medical advice. Exercise-related headaches include benign exertional headache, effort headache, footballer's migraine, and weight-lifter's headache.

Aching Head

How do I know if the headache I have is a migraine?

If you have severe, throbbing pain, usually on one side of the head, and if it is often accompanied by nausea or hypersensitivity to light and noise, you may be suffering from a migraine. Migraines tend to last anywhere from four hours to three days and can be debilitating. But, you don't have to have a migraine to have a bad headache. There are tension-type headaches, which feel like pressure is being applied to your head, especially around the back of the head and over the forehead. Cluster headaches are almost always on one side and are localized behind the eye, radiating to the forehead, temple, nose, cheek or upper gum, and can cause your eye to tear and your nose to drip. If you have recurring headaches — whatever the kind — consult with your doctor as to how to treat them. Today kicks off National Headache Awareness Week.

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From our Archives: Today's Highlights, June 6, 2010

IN BRIEF: A pain in the brain; Also: A baffling problem.

If a man sits down to think, he is immediately asked if has a headache. — Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882)

LearnThatWord.com is a free vocabulary and spelling program where you only pay for results!

sign description: Both index fingers meet at the forehead and make a twisting motion.

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n

Pain in the cranial vault resulting from intracranial, extracranial, or psychogenic causes: intra-cranial vascular dilation; space-occupying lesions; diseases of the eyes, ears, and sinuses; extracranial vascular dilation; sustained muscular contraction; hysteria; certain habit patterns (clenching); and reaction to stress.

For a list of words related to headache, see:

• Signs and Symptoms - headache: pain within skull, commonly due to stress or fatigue; cephalalgia

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See words rhyming with "headachy."

  See crossword solutions for the clue Headache.

This entry is from Wikipedia, the leading user-contributed encyclopedia. It may not have been reviewed by professional editors (see full disclaimer)

Dansk (Danish)
n. - hovedpine

Nederlands (Dutch)
hoofdpijn, probleem

Français (French)
n. - mal de tête, migraine, (fig) ennuis, (fig) problème

Deutsch (German)
n. - Kopfschmerz, Problem

Ελληνική (Greek)
n. - κεφαλόπονος, πονοκέφαλος, (μτφ.) μπελάς, σκοτούρα

Italiano (Italian)
mal di testa

Português (Portuguese)
n. - dor (f) de cabeça

Русский (Russian)
головная боль

Español (Spanish)
n. - dolor de cabeza

Svenska (Swedish)
n. - huvudvärk, huvudbry

中文（简体）(Chinese (Simplified))
头痛, 令人头痛之事

中文（繁體）(Chinese (Traditional))
n. - 頭痛, 令人頭痛之事

한국어 (Korean)
n. - 두통, 골칫거리, 걱정거리

日本語 (Japanese)
n. - 頭痛, 頭痛の種

idioms:

• splitting headache    ひどい頭痛

العربيه (Arabic)
‏(الاسم) صداع, مشكله, ورطه, مأزق‏

עברית (Hebrew)
n. - ‮כאב ראש‬

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