hebephrenia: Definition from Answers.com

Disorganized schizophrenia
Classification and external resources
ICD-10	F 20.1
ICD-9	295.1
MeSH	D012562

Disorganized schizophrenia is a subtype of schizophrenia as defined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, DSM-IV code 295.10^[1].

Disorganized schizophrenia is thought to be an extreme expression of the 'disorganization syndrome' that has been hypothesised to be one aspect of a three-factor model of symptoms in schizophrenia^[2] The other factors being 'reality distortion' (involving delusions and hallucinations) and 'psychomotor poverty' (poverty of speech, lack of spontaneous movement and various aspects of blunting of emotion).

Presentation

This type is characterized by prominent disorganized behavior and speech (see formal thought disorder) including schizophasia, and flat or inappropriate emotion and affect. The criteria for the catatonic subtype of schizophrenia must not have been met as well. This type of schizophrenia is also known as hebephrenia, and is named after the Greek goddess of youth, Hebe, in reference to the typical age of onset in puberty^[3].

Unlike the paranoid subtype of schizophrenia, delusions and hallucinations are not the most prominent feature^[4]^[5], although fragmentary delusions and hallucinations may be present.

The emotional responses of people diagnosed with this subtype can often seem strange or inappropriate to the situation. Inappropriate facial responses may be common and behavior is sometimes described as 'silly', such as inappropriate laughter. Complete lack of expressed emotion is sometimes seen, as is an apparent indifference, anhedonia (the lack of pleasure), and avolition (a lack of motivation). Some of these features are also present in other types of schizophrenia, but they are most prominent in Disorganized Schizophrenia.

Treatment

This form of schizophrenia is typically associated with early onset (often between the ages of 15 and 25 years) and is thought to have a poor prognosis because of the rapid development of 'negative' symptoms and decline in social functioning.^[6]

Use of electroconvulsive therapy has been proposed.^[7]

References

^ Schizophrenia DSM
^ Liddle PF. (1987) The symptoms of chronic schizophrenia. A re-examination of the positive-negative dichotomy. British Journal of Psychiatry, 151, 145-51.
^ Greek mythology and medical and psychiatric terminology, Loukas Athanasiadis, Psychiatric Bulletin (1997)
^ How Schizophrenia is diagnosed
^ Hebephrenic Schizophrenia Diagnostic Criteria
^ McGlashan TH, Fenton WS (1993) Subtype progression and pathophysiologic deterioration in early schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 19 (1), 71-84.
^ Shimizu E, Imai M, Fujisaki M, et al. (March 2007). "Maintenance electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) for treatment-resistant disorganized schizophrenia". Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry 31 (2): 571–3. doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2006.11.014. PMID 17187911. http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0278-5846(06)00408-8.

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WHO ICD-10 mental and behavioral disorders (F · 290–319)

Neurological/symptomatic

Dementia (Alzheimer's disease, multi-infarct dementia, Pick's disease, Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease, Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, AIDS dementia complex, Frontotemporal dementia, Sundowning, Wandering) · Delirium · Post-concussion syndrome · Organic brain syndrome

Psychoactive substance

alcohol (acute alcohol intoxication, drunkenness, alcohol dependence, alcoholic hallucinosis, Alcohol withdrawal, delirium tremens, Korsakoff's syndrome, alcohol abuse) · opioids (opioid overdose, opioid dependency) · sedative/hypnotic (benzodiazepine overdose, benzodiazepine dependence, benzodiazepine withdrawal) · cocaine (cocaine dependence) · general (Intoxication/Drug overdose, Drug abuse, Physical dependence, Rebound effect, Withdrawal)

Schizophrenia, schizotypal
and delusional

Psychosis (Schizoaffective disorder, Schizophreniform disorder, Brief reactive psychosis) · Schizophrenia (Disorganized schizophrenia, Delusional disorder, Folie à deux) · Personality disorder (Schizotypal personality disorder)

Mood (affective)

Mania · Bipolar disorder (Bipolar I, Bipolar II, Cyclothymia) · Depression (Major depressive disorder, Dysthymia, Seasonal affective disorder, Atypical)

Neurotic, stress-related
and somatoform

Anxiety disorder/ adjustment disorder	phobic anxiety disorders: Agoraphobia · Social anxiety/Social phobia (Anthropophobia) · Specific phobia (Claustrophobia) Panic disorder/Panic attack · Generalized anxiety disorder · OCD · stress (Acute stress reaction, PTSD)

Somatoform disorder	Somatization disorder · Body dysmorphic disorder · Hypochondriasis · Nosophobia · Da Costa's syndrome · Psychalgia · Conversion disorder (Ganser syndrome, Globus pharyngis) · Neurasthenia

Dissociative disorder	Dissociative identity disorder · Psychogenic amnesia

Physiological/physical
behavioral

Eating disorder	Anorexia nervosa · Bulimia nervosa · Rumination syndrome · NOS

Nonorganic sleep disorders	Nonorganic hypersomnia, Nonorganic insomnia · Parasomnia (REM behavior disorder, Night terror) · Nightmare

Sexual dysfunction	Erectile dysfunction · Premature ejaculation · Vaginismus · Dyspareunia · Hypersexuality · Female sexual arousal disorder

Postnatal	Postpartum depression · Postnatal psychosis

Adult personality
and behavior

Personality disorder · Impulse control disorder (Kleptomania, Trichotillomania, Pyromania) · Factitious disorder (Munchausen syndrome) · Sexual maturation disorder · Ego-dystonic sexual orientation · Sexual relationship disorder · Paraphilia (Voyeurism, Fetishism)

Mental disorders
diagnosed in childhood

Mental retardation

X-Linked mental retardation (Lujan-Fryns syndrome)

Psychological development
(developmental disorder)

Specific	speech and language (expressive language disorder, aphasia, expressive aphasia, receptive aphasia, Landau–Kleffner syndrome, lisp) · Scholastic skills (dyslexia, dysgraphia, Gerstmann syndrome) · Motor function (developmental dyspraxia)

Pervasive	Autism · Rett syndrome · Asperger syndrome

Behavioral and emotional

ADHD · Conduct disorder (ODD) · emotional disorder (Separation anxiety disorder) · social functioning (Selective mutism, RAD, DAD) · Tic disorder (Tourette syndrome) · Speech (Stuttering, Cluttering) · Movement disorder (Stereotypic)

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