Heinrich Schwarz

Schwarz, Heinrich (1894-1974), Austrian-born American art historian. He became interested in early photography while a curator at the Belvedere Gallery, Vienna, and in 1929 organized an exhibition of 180 calotypes by D. O. Hill and Robert Adamson. His book David Octavius Hill, Meister der Photographie (1931; Eng. 1931) was the first monograph on a photographer by an art historian. He held various curatorial and academic posts in the USA after settling there in 1940. His particular concerns were painters' use of pre-photographic imaging devices; and what he perceived as a ‘proto-photographic’ vision (abandonment of classical compositional conventions, and fascination with the details of everyday things) developing among early 19th-century artists.

— Robin Lenman

Bibliography

• Galassi, P., Before Photography; Painting and the Invention of Photography (1981).
• Parker, W. E. (ed.), Art and Photography: Forerunners and Influences. Selected Essays by Heinrich Schwarz (1985)

This article is about a 20th century Nazi camp commander. For 19th century Prussian politician, see Heinrich Schwarz (politician).

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Heinrich Schwarz (June 14, 1906 in Munich – March 20, 1947 in Sandweier, executed) was camp commandant of Auschwitz III (Monowitz) in Nazi-occupied Poland.

Schwarz was posted to the Auschwitz I camp within the town of Oświęcim (Auschwitz) itself, and as of 30 September 1941 he was active in the Work Assignment Department (Abt. IIIa). In November 1943, Rudolf Höß was appointed leader of Office Group D in the SS Economic and Administrative Main Office (SS-WVHA) and left Auschwitz.

The camp complex was then divided into three independent administrative units. Schwarz became camp commandant for Auschwitz III Monowitz. While camp commandants at other camps in the complex were removed after only a few months, Schwarz continued to enjoy his superior Oswald Pohl's goodwill.

After the evacuation he became camp commandant at the Natzweiler-Struthof concentration camp in Alsace-Lorraine. SS-Hauptsturmführer (Captain) Schwarz was sentenced by a French military court to death and as a war criminal, he was put to death.

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