Helena Ivanovna Roerich (born Shaposhnikova) (Russian: Елена Ивановна Рерих; February 12, 1879, Saint-Petersburg — October 5, 1955, Kalimpong, India) is a Russian philosopher [1], writer, public figure. At the beginning of XX century she has created, in cooperation with the Teachers of the East, a philosophic teaching of Living Ethics («Agni Yoga») [2]. She was an organizer and participant of cultural and enlightener creativity conducted under the guidance of N. Roerich in America in twentieth of XX century. She also took part in expedition through hard-to-reach and little-investigated regions of Central Asia (1924—1928), organized by N. Roerich. She was an Honorary President-Founder of Institute of Himalayan Studies «Urusvati» in India and co-author of idea of the International Treaty for Protection of artistic and scientific institutions and historical monuments (Roerich’s Pact). She has translated from English to Russian two volumes of «Secret Doctrine» of H. P. Blavatsky and also selected Mahatma’s Letters («Cup of the East»).
Life and creativity
Helena was born in the family of well-known academician of architecture of Saint-Petersburg Ivan Ivanovich Shaposhnikov. Great grandfather of her father was the burgomaster of Riga. He presented to Peter the Great the cap of Monomakh. Emperor was pleased with the welcome and granted to the great grandfather his camp goblet and letter of grant, also proposed him to move to Russia and take out Russian citizenship with new family Shaposhnikov [3].
Ekaterina Vassilievna Shaposhnikova, Helena’s mother, belongs to age-old family Golenischev-Kutuzov originating from Novgorod of the end of XIII century. Brilliant representatives of this family were General Mikhail Illarionovich Golenischev-Kutuzov, well-known poet of the end of XIX century Arsenii Arkadievich Golenischev-Kutuzov, composer Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky [4].
Helena had grown and educated in atmosphere of rich cultural traditions of her family. From childhood she was inquisitive, independent and purposeful. Very early she began to read the books from artistic, historical, spiritual and philosophic areas. She played on piano excellently, by the age of seven could read and write in three languages [4].
In 1895, Helena was graduated from Mariinsky Gymnasium in Saint-Petersburg with gold medal. In spite of that metropolitan gymnasium education gives the knowledge of very high level, Helena many had studied on one’s own. She had a subtle perception of painting, known good the Russian and European literature, studied history of religions and philosophy, took a great interest in the works of Indian philosophers Ramakrishna, Vivekananda, Tagore.
After finishing gymnasium education Helena Shaposhnikova entered Saint-Petersburg musical private school. Director of this school was a senior of metropolitan conservatoire, professor of piano playing I. A. Borovka. He was a noted figure of Petersburg’s music life of that time and personally studied the young gifted pianist.
After finishing the school, aimed mainly on revelation of the most gifted candidates for receiving of high music education, Helena intended to continue her education in Saint-Petersburg conservatoire. But her relations, apprehending she would interest by revolutionary ideas from student environment, banned her to enter conservatoire. Therefore, Helena continued home education and perfected herself in foreign languages, read much.
Helena Roerich (right) with her sons
Often Helena and her mother conducted summer at Bologoe of Novgorod region, at her aunt E.V. Putyatina, in the estate of her husband Prince P.A.Putyatin, well-known archeologist and collector. In 1899, at Bologoe she met a painter and archeologist Nicholas Konstantinovich Roerich. Young people came to love one another. In spite of Helena’s relations were against their marriage, in 1901 Helena and Nicholas got married in the church of Emperor’s Academy of Arts at Vasiliev’s island in Saint-Petersburg. In 2001, at the place of their meeting at Bologoe a memorial named «Monument of love» was established. It contains a quotation from N. Roerich’s essay «The University»: «I met Lada, my partner in life and inspirer, at Bologoe, at Prince P.A. Putyatin’s estate. Joy!» [5]. This was a strong alliance of two loving people united by deep mutual feelings and common views [6]. N. Roerich wrote about their marriage in his declining years: "We passed amicably any obstacles. And the obstacles turned into possibilities. I devoted my books: «To Helena, my wife, friend, partner and inspirer» [7]. Many Roerich’s paintings resulted from their common creativity. The artist called her «She who leads» [8] in his books and asserted that at many his canvases two signatures can be written: himself and Helena’s. "We created together, and not without reason it was said that the works must have two names, women’s and men’s [7].
Nicholas and Helena had two children. In August, 1902 the elder son George was born. Later he became a world-known scientist-orientalist. Younger son Svetoslav was born in October, 1904. He became the painter, thinker and public worker. Helena Ivanovna paid a great attention to the children’s upbringing. She read them the books, taught foreign languages and music. They visited together the best concerts, exhibitions and theatre. She helped to each of the sons to recover their own interests and dispositions and created most favorable conditions for their development [9]. From earlier years, the children had grown in atmosphere of communication of their parents with art figures. Vrubel, Kuinji, Stassov, Diaghilev, Stravinsky, Block, Vl. Soloviev, Bekhterev. Painter V. Serov came home to draw a Helena’s portrait.
H.I. Roerich had supported all husbands’ initiatives, gone deeply into all fields of his activity. In 1903—1904, to find the sources of national history and culture, married couple traveled through forty old-Russian cities. During this traveling, Helena Ivanovna had taken expertly the photographs of churches, architecture monuments, its paintings and ornament. Also she has mastered the art of restoration and together with Nicholas Konstantinovich recovered at some canvases the masterpieces of great masters: Rubens, Breugel, Vandyke, and van Orley, hidden by latest paint layers. Her artistic intuition was displayed also in collecting of works of art and antiquities. Roerichs had collected a beautiful family collection from more than 300 works which they later had transferred to the Hermitage Museum. Helena Ivanovna knew the archeology well. Together with husband she often leaved at excavations in Novgorod’s and Tver’s regions and took part in this work [10].
N. Roerich and both his sons thought highly of Helena Ivanovna as spiritual leader and keeper of family’s foundations [11].
In 1916, because of serious disease of lungs, following the doctor’s insistence Roerich’s family had moved to Finland (Serdobol), on the seashore of the Lake Ladoga.
In 1918, Finland has declared about its independence and closed the border with Russia. Roerichs became cut off from the Motherland. In 1919, the family had moved to England and made their home in London.
Here, in 1920, H. I. Roerich in collaboration with a group of anonymous thinkers and philosophers of the East, which in accordance with Indian’s spiritual tradition were named «The Great Teachers» (Mahatmas), began to work for the Living Ethics Teaching (Agni Yoga). This is a new philosophical system relating to spiritual and cultural evolution of mankind [2].
«From the earliest books an attentive reader can form a clear notion about this high morale and lifelike Teaching. Just lifelike Teaching because like all moral Teachings of all peoples and all ages, Living Ethics Teaching is, first of all, Teaching of Life, therefore, like all of them it has a common task to teach the people to pass earth’s path wisely and with dignity, making its work and improvement for the Common Good. Any Teaching of Life, as it is, includes all life building and, therefore, aimed for the Common Good. <…>
So, the Teaching of Life, giving the great foundations of Universe and Ethics, throws light upon it from all points of view and incidentally sets up landmarks, or, in other words, shows the direction of evolution» (Letters of H. I. Roerich) [12].
In 1920, N. K. Roerich has got an invitation to take part in tour over the USA with exhibition of his paintings. Roerich’s family had moved to New York. Here the wide cultural and enlighten activity has been organized under N. Roerich’s leadership with close participation of Helena Ivanovna. The culmination of this activity was foundation in America such cultural organizations as Nicholas Roerich Museum, Master-Institute of United Arts, International painter’s association «Cor Ardens» (Flaming Hearts), International Art Centre «Corona Mundi» («Crown of the World»).
All these cultural centers organized by the Roerichs had a great influence for culture development. Numerous societies, creative clubs and educational institutes, working in the whole world under the leadership of Roerich’s cultural centers, united the people in the name of creative culture activity. «It is joyfully to see as at the time of destruction the inspiring souls gather in the name of Culture trying to maintain the light and to give the joy of creative building and expansion of consciousness to all who looks for way out of arising intellectual deadlock resulting in material troubles» [11].
On December, 1923, H. I. Roerich with her family has moved to India. This country always was of great interest for Roerichs. Ardour for the India and its spiritual culture was not unusual among Russian intellectuals of that time. At the end of XIX and beginning of XX century all cultural Russia had experienced an irrepressible attraction to this country, feeling a consonance of its moral searches with Indian spiritual tradition [13].
From 1924 to 1928, Helena Ivanovna took part in Central-Asian expedition organized by N. K. Roerich through hard-to-reach and little-investigated regions of India, China, Russia (Altai), Mongolia and Tibet.
During the expedition the research for various kinds of knowledge were conducted, namely, for history, archeology, ethnography, history of philosophy, arts and religions, geography etc. Also unknown before mountain peaks and passes were marked at the maps, rarest manuscripts were found, and rich linguistic materials were collected. Special attention was paid to the problem of historical unity of cultures of various peoples [14].
The expedition was carried out at very difficult conditions required from participants many courage and patience. H.I. Roerich has joined with the others all hardships of the travel: hard passages, robber’s attacks, obstacles created by English officials that nearly have resulted in death of the expedition [15]. "On the horse, together with us Helena Ivanovna has passed a whole Asia, was frozen and starved at Tibet, but she always first heartened the whole caravan. And the more danger was met the more cheerful, ready and joyful she was. Having the pulse of 140, she tried personally took part in organization of the caravan and overcoming all traveling problems. Nobody never see any despondency or despair although many causes of various nature were for that [16].
On April, 1925, during the N. Roerich’s expedition staying in Gulmarg (Northwestern India) H.I. Roerich began to translate from English to Russian an extensive selection from «Mahatma’s Letters» published in London in 1923. The selection was dedicated to description of Eastern doctrines and history of Theosophical Society foundation. It was a separate book named «Chalice of the East» and was published in this year under pen name «Iskander Khanum» [17].
H.I. Roerich’s manuscript «Foundations of Buddhism» was published in 1926 at Urga (now Ulan-Bator) where the expedition was stayed in that time. In this book the fundamental philosophical notions of Buddha’s Teaching, such as reincarnation, karma, Nirvana were interpreted. The book also told about very deep moral basis of this Teaching and disproved one of main stereotypes of the western people thinking for that time, namely, that the men in Buddhism is insignificant and forgotten by the Lord creature [6].
In 1927, one of the Living Ethics books («Community») was published in the same place of Mongolia.
After finishing of Central-Asian expedition, Roerichs remained to live in India, in Kullu valley (West Himalayas). There, in 1928, they had found an Institute of Himalayan Studies «Urusvati» (this means «Light of Morning Star» in translation from Sanskrit). It was planned as institute for complex study of extensive Asian regions which exerted great influence on development of world culture. Among the tasks of the «Urusvati» was the complex study of human, its psychic and physiological features. H.I. Roerich became an Honorary President-Founder of the institute and actively took part in organization of its work [18]. Being a subtle art connoisseur and deep philosopher, she knew well the scientific problems of the institute, and often directed the researches as experienced scientist [19]. Main task of Helena Ivanovna’s activity was in studying of ancient philosophic thought of the East [20].
H.I.Roerich had dreamed of that some time a city of Knowledge will rise in Kullu valley, which becomes an international scientific centre. «We wish to give in this City a synthesis of achievements, so all fields of science must be presented in it later. And since the source of Knowledge is whole Cosmos then the workers of the station must belong to whole world that is all nationalities. …» [21].
Later «Urusvati» became a large international institute united well-known scientists from many countries. J. Bose, R. Tagore, A. Einstein, R. Milliken, L. de Broil, R. Magoffin, S. Gedin, S.I. Metalnikov, N.I. Vavilov et. al. had collaborated with it [22].
«It is already learned in our time that if mankind wants to develop it must permit some international cooperation. Although today this cooperation is displayed more strongly in the field of mechanical and material achievements than in spiritual consolidation. But the science goes forward by so large steps that the next stage will be conscious soon. This stage is cooperation with the Universe, and then cosmic consciousness will not scare even much unenlightened, and it will become usual phenomenon. Then nobody who is conscious his place in Cosmos can not remain in his box. Then spiritual consolidation will come» (H.I. Roerich. Letters) [23].
In Kullu, Helena Ivanovna has continued his work for books of the Living Ethics, main work of her life. In 1929, her work «Cryptograms of the East» («On Eastern Crossroads») was published in Paris in Russian under pen name Josephine Sent-Iler. This work contains apocryphal legends and parables from life of Great devotees and Teachers of mankind: Buddha, Christ, Apollonius of Tiana, Akbar the Great (Indian ruler), St. Sergius of Radonezh. H.I.Roerich devoted a special essay «The banner of St. Sergius of Radonezh» to an image of Savior and Defender of Russian land. In this essay she has joined a beautiful knowledge of history and theology with deep and reverent love to the hermit [6]. This essay was included to the book «Banner of St. Sergius of Radonezh», published under the pen name N. Yarovskaya in 1934.
In the first half of the thirties of XX century H. I. Roerich translated from English to Russian two volumes of H.P. Blavatsky’s fundamental work «Secret Doctrine». Separate fragments of this voluminous treatise were given in various often ancient languages. Helena Ivanovna’s sparkle proficiency in many languages and deep knowledge of philosophy made it possible to manage this work during very short time (less than two years). It is known, that G. Roerich, world-known orientalist, in difficult cases had turned to his mother to help for interpretation of either symbols or legends [24].
Special place in H. Roerich’s creativity belongs to her epistolary heritage. She corresponded with more than 140 persons. The letters geography involves several continents — Northern and South Americas, Western and Eastern Europe, many countries. People of various age, professions and social positions had shared their thoughts with her, asked for advice, confided one’s destiny. Among H.I.Roerich’s correspondents were friends, followers, cultural workers, political figures. In her letters, H.I. Roerich has answered numerous questions, explained the most complex philosophical and scientific problems, foundations of the Living Ethics. She wrote about great Laws of Cosmos, meaning of human life, importance of culture for human evolution, Great Teachers [11].
In 1940, two-volume edition of «Letters of Helena Roerich» was firstly published in Riga. Later it was republished many times. A complete set of H.I. Roerich’s letters is published by International Centre of the Roerichs, where her epistolary heritage is kept. It was transferred to ICR by S.N. Roerich in 1990.
During N.K. Roerich’s Manchurian expedition (1934—1935), H.I. Roerich had corresponded with international cultural and enlightens organizations and coordinated its activity for support the Roerich’s Pact (International agreement for protection of artistic and scientific institutions and historical monuments). As a result of this work, the Roerich’s Pact was signed on April 15, 1935 by heads of 22 countries including USA [11].
«So we shall strengthen the Culture and its Banner — Banner of the Peace. Culture in its basis is evolution, so if negating the Culture and replace it by technocracy, we reject the evolution and violate a Cosmic Law» (H.I. Roerich. Letters.) [25].
On January 1948, after the husband’s death, H.I. Roerich together with elder son had moved to Delhi and then to Khandala (Bombay’s suburb) where they had waited for steamship from Russia with their entrance visas to the Motherland. But Russia has denied their visas. They made their home in Kalimpong (Eastern Himalayas). Helena Ivanovna continued hope for return home and to transfer to Russian people the works of her whole life, to work for good of «Best Country» (she called Russia by this name). H.I. Roerich just like N.K.Roerich had not changed Russian citizenship. But all her numerous applications remain without response.
On October 5, 1955 H.I. Roerich had passed away. In the place of her cremation the lamas had raised a white stupa on which the following epitaph was carved: «Helena Roerich, the wife of Nicholas Roerich, thinker and writer, old friend of India» [26].
«We believe that Higher Foresight will protect our motherland from any encroachments, and revived people’s spirit will be able to set down to all enemies. Since we welcome every initiative aimed on defense of the motherland. When foreign enemy takes up arms against the motherland, all its sons must stand up for its defense. N.K. Roerich wrote: „Above all Russias there is one unforgettable Russia“. But this Russia still hasn’t time and possibility to display its true and wonderful image. We trust in future prosperity of our motherland, and this faith gives sense for our being». (H. I. Roerich. Letters) [27].
Memory about H.I. Roerich
A minor planet named after Roerichs
Minor planet 4426 Roerich in Solar System
Main article:
4426 RoerichOn October 15, 1969 a minor planet of Solar System was discovered by astronomers of Crimea astrophysical observatory Nikolai Stepanovich and Lyudmila Ivanovna Chernikh. This planet was named in honor of Roerichs family. It was numbered 4426.[28]
«Crimea astrophysical observatory, which is participant of international program for observation and research of minor planets, hereby indicates that a minor planet discovered in Crimea astrophysical observatory and numbered 4426 in international catalogue, was named „Roerich“ in honor of the family of eminent Russian cultural workers» — was told in discovery certificate.[28]
On October, 1999 N.S Chernikh, in his speak in the Museum named after Roerich devoted to this event of world importance, said: "A number of new minor planets were named in honor of dear for us names of the great Russian devotees, scientists, writers, artists. Recently, a planet «Roerich» was appeared. Minor planets are as if eternal, not of human making monuments. This planet will be forever named after Roerichs. After a while, it will approaches to the Earth <…>. The name was approved by special committee of International astronomical union, consisting of eleven representatives from various countries. Name is accepted at unanimous opinion only. Appearance of minor planet «Roerich’ is evidence of international recognition of creativity and outstanding achievements of Roerichs».[28]
Peak “Urusvati” at Altai
On July 6, 1978 group of alpinists headed by V. Pivovarov has risen on nameless mountain peak and has gone through a pass between the peaks “Roerich” and Belukha. This pass and nameless peak has been named “Urusvati” in honor of Helena Ivanovna Roerich [29].
Monument of H.I. and N.K. Roerichs in Moscow
Monument of H. I. and N. K. Roerichs in Moscow
On October 9, 1999 during jubilee celebrations devoted to 125th anniversary of N. K. Roerich’s birthday and 120th anniversary of H. I. Roerich’s demise a monument was established near the entrance of Museum named after N. Roerich. This monument is sculptural portrayal of Nicholas Konstantonovich and Helena Ivanovna Roerichs [30].
A jubilee medal “Helena Roerich”
In 1999, International Centre of the Roerichs has instituted a jubilee medal “Helena Roerich” dedicated to 120th anniversary of H. I. Roerich. Scientists and public figures which are engaged in studying and popularization of many-sided Roerichs heritage were awarded by this medal [31].
A museum of Helena Roerich in Kalimpong
In 2005, museum of Helena Roerich has been opened in retired two-storeyed mansion known as “Kruketi house” in Kalimpong. Here H.I. Roerich worked during last years of life (1948-1955). Opening of the museum was timed to 50th anniversary of her death [32].
College of the arts named after H.I. Roerich
On April, 2003 the college of arts named after H.I. Roerich began to work in the building of Institute “Urusvati” (India). Children from Naggar and nearest villages have studied in the college four subjects: Indian classic and folklore music, dancing, actor’s skill and painting [33].
Public library named after H.I. Roerich
Public library named after H.I. Roerich has been founded at Altaic village Ust-Koksa. At the beginning of 2007, library holdings include near 75 thousands of publications. More than 1600 persons have used its service. From 2003, the library is a member of Russian Library Association and collective member of international library association IFLA [34].
Charitable Foundation and International Award named after H.I. Roerich
Charitable Foundation named after H.I. Roerich has been created in 2001 at Moscow to finance the programs dedicated to popularization of Roerich’s heritage and development of cultural actions aimed on spiritual progress of the Russian peoples. The foundation furthers an activity in the field of education, science, culture, art, enlightenment. One of the directions of the foundation’s activity is revelation of young talents in various fields of art and help them to protect and develop their creative abilities [35].
International Award named after H.I. Roerich has been instituted by the Charitable foundation named after H.I. Roerich to encourage the scientific researches connected with studying of many-sided scientific and philosophic Roerich’s heritage [36].
From speeches of known scientists, cultural and political workers about H. I. Roerich
Role of H.I. Roerich’s creativity for literature is not appreciated yet. She was not only beautiful, but highly educated, wonderfully erudite and talent woman. <…> Her publications, especially letters, are rich of deep thoughts which could not help touching a soul of every man who considers himself as cultural person. Very much of these thoughts are related to Russia and features of its spiritual image, its traditions and the future. <…> Creativity of the Roerich’s family is a gem in the crown of Russian culture [37].
– A.L.Yanshin, Academician of Russian Academy of Sciences,
President of Russian Ecological academy, adviser of President of Russia
Helena Roerich is a wonderful Russian women, outstanding writer and thinker, brilliant scientist and courageous traveler serving as a source of inspiration for her legendary husband Nicholas Roerich. The last is a great painter and humanist, researcher and archeologist, philosopher and historian [38].
– N. Fedyukovich, General Consul of Russia in Calcutta
N. Roerich’s paintings dedicated to H.I. Roerich
«Holder of the world»
(She who carries a stone)
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Works
- Leaves of Morya's Garden I
- Leaves of Morya's Garden II
- New Era Community
- Agni Yoga
- Infinity I
- Infinity II
- Hierarchy
- Heart
- Fiery World I
- Fiery World II
- Fiery World III
- Aum
- Brotherhood
- Supermundane I
- Supermundane II
- Supermundane III
- Supermundane IV
- Letters of Helena Roerich, Vol. I-IX
- On Eastern Crossroads
- Foundations of Buddhism
See also
External links
References
- ^ Roerich (born Shaposhnikova) / Helena Ivanovna / New philosophical encyclopedia. — Moscow, «Misl» Publishing, 2000. — V. 1-4. (Russian)
- ^ a b Roerich (born Shaposhnikova) / Helena Ivanovna / New philosophical encyclopedia. — Moscow, «Misl» publishing, 2000. — V. 1-4.
- ^ P.F. Belikov. Svetoslav Roerich. Life and creativity. Moscow, ICR, Master-Bank, 2004. — P.16
- ^ a b S. Kluchnikov. Proclaimer of the fire epoch. Story and study about Helena Ivanovna Roerich. Novosibirsk, Siberia department of «Detskaya literature» publishing, 1991. — P.10.
- ^ Ivanov M.A. Roerichs and Tver region. Tver: GERS publishing. — 2007. P.33.
- ^ a b c H.I. Roerich’s biography at the website of Charitable Foundation named after H.I. Roerich.
- ^ a b N. K. Roerich. Diary leaves. Volume 2. — Moscow, ICR, 2000. — p.448.
- ^ L. V. Shaposhnikova. Wisdom of ages («Mudrost vekov», in Russian). — Moscow, International Centre of the Roerichs, 2000. — P.448.
- ^ S. Kluchnikov. Proclaimer of the fire epoch. Story and study about Helena Ivanovna Roerich. Novosibirsk, Siberia department of «Detskaya literature» publishing, 1991. — P.23.
- ^ S. Kluchnikov. Proclaimer of the fire epoch. Story and study about Helena Ivanovna Roerich. Novosibirsk, Siberia department of «Detskaya literature» publishing, 1991. — P.25.
- ^ a b c d H.I. Roerich’s biography at the website of International Centre-Museum named after N.K. Roerich.
- ^ H.I. Roerich. Letters. Volume VII. — Moscow, International Centre of the Roerichs, 2007. — P.66.
- ^ 14 L.V. Shaposhnikova. Wisdom of ages («Mudrost vekov», in Russian). — Moscow, International Centre of the Roerichs, 2000. — P.139.
- ^ Museum named after N.K. Roerich. Museum guide. — Moscow, International Centre of the Roerichs, Master-Bank, 2006. — P.262.
- ^ L.V. Shaposhnikova. Wisdom of ages («Mudrost vekov», in Russian). — Moscow, International Centre of the Roerichs, 2000. — P.139.
- ^ N. K. Roerich. Diary leaves. Volume 2. — Moscow, ICR, 2000. — p.161.
- ^ 18 Chalice of the East. Mahatmas Letters. Third edition. — Riga-Moscow-Minsk, «Ligatma-Moga-N» publishing, 1995.
- ^ Museum named after N.K. Roerich. Museum guide. — Moscow, International Centre of the Roerichs, Master-Bank, 2006. — P.281.
- ^ H.I. Roerich commemoration meeting at the Centre-Museum named after N.K. Roerich.
- ^ Museum named after N.K. Roerich. Museum guide. — Moscow, International Centre of the Roerichs, Master-Bank, 2006. — P.283.
- ^ H.I. Roerich. Letters. Volume I. — Moscow, International Centre of the Roerichs, 1999. — P.119.
- ^ Museum named after N.K. Roerich. Museum guide. — Moscow, International Centre of the Roerichs, Master-Bank, 2006. — P.285.
- ^ H.I. Roerich. Letters. Volume IV. — Moscow, International Centre of the Roerichs, 2002. — P.9.
- ^ S. Kluchnikov. Proclaimer of the fire epoch. Story and study about Helena Ivanovna Roerich. Novosibirsk, Siberia department of «Detskaya literature» publishing, 1991. — P.113.
- ^ H.I. Roerich. Letters. Volume VII. — Moscow, International Centre of the Roerichs, 2007. — P.340.
- ^ Museum named after N.K. Roerich. Museum guide. — Moscow, International Centre of the Roerichs, Master-Bank, 2006. — P.318,320.
- ^ H. I. Roerich. Letters. Volume VI. — Moscow, International Centre of the Roerichs, 2006. — P.16.
- ^ a b c Minor planet «Roerich» / «Lets protect the names and heritage of the Roerichs» («Zaschitim imya I nasledie Rerikhov») (in Russian) V.3. Documents, publications, essays. — Moscow, International Centre of the Roerichs, 2005.- 1094 p ─ Astronomic data of the minor planet «Roerich» on NASA website.
- ^ Larichev V.E., Matochkin Ye.P. Roerich and Siberia. – Novosibirsk, 1993. – P.183.
- ^ Monument of N.K. and H.I. Roerichs / Website of ICR
- ^ From resolution of International public and scientific conference “Jubilee Roerich’s readings”/ Website of ICR.
- ^ A Museum of Helena Roerich has opened in India / Website “Podrobnosti”
- ^ International Roerich Memorial Trust, India
- ^ Public library named after H.I. Roerich, Altai Republic, Ust-Koksa.
- ^ Charitable foundation named after H. I. Roerich
- ^ International award named after H.I. Roerich
- ^ Spiritual image of the Russia in philosophic and art heritage of N.K. and H.I. Roerichs. Proceedings of International public and scientific conference. 1996 / Edited by P.S. Gurevich, T.I. Murashkina, L.V. Shaposhnikova, A.L. Yanshin. – Moscow, ICR, Master-Bank, 1998. – 344 P.
- ^ Speech of N. Fedyukovich for opening of the museum named after H.I. Roerich in Kalimpong.
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