hello

Look up hello, hi, hey, or hiya in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Hello is a salutation or greeting in the English language. It is attested in writing as early as the 1830s.

First use

Hello, with that spelling, was used in publications as early as 1833. These include an 1833 American book called The Sketches and Eccentricities of Col. David Crockett, of West Tennessee,^[1] which was reprinted that same year in The London Literary Gazette.^[2]

The word was extensively used in literature by the 1860s.^{[citation needed]}

Etymology

According to the Oxford English Dictionary, hello is an alteration of hallo, hollo,^[3] which came from Old High German "halâ, holâ, emphatic imper[ative] of halôn, holôn to fetch, used esp[ecially] in hailing a ferryman."^[4] It also connects the development of hello to the influence of an earlier form, holla, whose origin is in the French holà (roughly, 'whoa there!', from French là 'there').^[5]

Telephone

The use of hello as a telephone greeting has been credited to Thomas Edison; according to one source, he expressed his surprise with a misheard Hullo.^[6] Alexander Graham Bell initially used Ahoy (as used on ships) as a telephone greeting.^[7] However, in 1877, Edison wrote to T.B.A. David, the president of the Central District and Printing Telegraph Company of Pittsburgh:

Friend David, I do not think we shall need a call bell as Hello! can be heard 10 to 20 feet away.

What you think? Edison - P.S. first cost of sender & receiver to manufacture is only $7.00.

By 1889, central telephone exchange operators were known as 'hello-girls' due to the association between the greeting and the telephone.^[8]

Hullo

Hello may be derived from Hullo, which the American Merriam-Webster dictionary describes as a "chiefly British variant of hello,"^[9] and which was originally used as an exclamation to call attention, an expression of surprise, or a greeting. Hullo is found in publications as early as 1803.^[10] The word hullo is still in use, with the meaning hello.^{[11][12][13][14][15]}

Hallo

Hello is alternatively thought to come from the word hallo (1840) via hollo (also holla, holloa, halloo, halloa).^[9] The definition of hollo is to shout or an exclamation originally shouted in a hunt when the quarry was spotted:^[9] Fowler's has it that "hallo" is first recorded "as a shout to call attention" in 1864.^[16]

It is used by Samuel Taylor Coleridge's famous poem The Rime of the Ancient Mariner written in 1798

And the good south wind still blew behind,

But no sweet bird did follow, Nor any day for food or play Came to the mariners' hollo!

Hallo is also German, Norwegian and Dutch for Hello.

If I fly, Marcius,/Halloo me like a hare.

—Coriolanus (I.viii.7), William Shakespeare

Webster's dictionary from 1913 traces the etymology of holloa to the Old English halow and suggests: "Perhaps from ah + lo; compare Anglo Saxon ealā."

According to the American Heritage Dictionary, hallo is a modification of the obsolete holla (stop!), perhaps from Old French hola (ho, ho! + la, there, from Latin illac, that way).^[17] Hallo is also used by many famous authors like Enid Blyton. Example:"Hallo!", chorused the 600 children.

The Old English verb, hǽlan (1. wv/t1b 1 to heal, cure, save; greet, salute; gehǽl! Hosanna!), may be the ultimate origin of the word.^[18] Hǽlan is likely a cognate of German Heil and other similar words of Germanic origin. Bill Bryson asserts in his book Mother Tongue that "hello" comes from Old English hál béo þu ("Hale be thou", or "whole be thou", meaning a wish for good health).

Cognates

This section may contain original research or unverified claims. Please improve the article by adding references. See the talk page for details. (March 2009)

"Hello" is found as a loanword in many other languages. It is often only used when answering the telephone, or as an informal greeting.

"Hello, World" computer program

Students learning a new computer programming language will often begin by writing a "Hello, world!" program, which outputs that greeting to a display screen or printer. The widespread use of this tradition arose from an introductory chapter of the book The C Programming Language by Kernighan & Ritchie, which reused the following example taken from earlier memos by Brian Kernighan at Bell Labs:

"hello, world"

Controversy

In 1997, Leonso Canales Jr. from Kingsville, Texas convinced Kleberg County commissioners to designate "heaven-o" as the county's official greeting, on the grounds that the greeting "hello" contains the word "hell", and that the proposed alternative sounds more "positive". "Hello", however, is not etymologically related to "hell".^[19]

Perception of “Hello” in other nations

In some other nations, especially the ones that had little contact with foreigners at the time, Westerners were often viewed as people who constantly said “hello” and little else. Jung Chang describes this view as follows:

"In my mind... foreigners said ‘hello’ all the time, with an odd intonation.... When boys played ‘guerrilla warfare,’ which was their version of cowboys and Indians, the enemy side would have thorns glued onto their noses and say ‘hello’ all the time."

—Chang, Jung^[20]

See also

Greetings in other languages

• As-Salamu Alaykum
• Namaste
• Ni hao
• Shalom

References

External links

• Hello in more than 800 languages
• OED online entry for hollo (Subscription)
• Merriam-Webster Dictionary: hollo, hullo