hemorrhoid

hem·or·rhoid

(hĕm'ə-roid') pronunciation

An itching or painful mass of dilated veins in swollen anal tissue.
hemorrhoids The pathological condition in which such painful masses occur. Also called piles.

[From Middle English emoroides, hemorrhoids, from Old French emoroides, from Latin haemorrhoidae, from Greek haimorrhoïdes, pl. of haimorrhoïs, from haimorrhoos, flowing with blood : haimo-, hemo- + rhein, to flow.]

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hemorrhoid

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Mass formed by distension of the network of veins supplying the anal canal. It may develop from infection or increased abdominal pressure (as in pregnancy or heavy lifting). Mild hemorrhoids may require only ointments, laxatives, and baths. If clotting, bleeding, or pain occurs, surgical removal may be needed. Internal hemorrhoids, with little nerve supply, can be destroyed in several ways without anesthesia. External hemorrhoids, under the skin, are cut out under local anesthesia.

For more information on hemorrhoid, visit Britannica.com.

Oxford Food & Nutrition Dictionary:

haemorrhoids

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hemorrhoids

Or piles, varicosity in the lower rectum or anus due to congestion of the veins; caused or exacerbated by a low-fibre diet and consequent straining to defecate. See also dietary fibre.

Oxford Food & Fitness Dictionary:

haemorrhoids

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piles

Swollen veins, connective tissue, and muscle in or around the anus. Haemorrhoids can be itchy, and bleed. It is a very common condition in the West. The build up of high pressures within the body (for example, when straining on the toilet) may cause haemorrhoids to form by forcing blood to accumulate in the veins. Weight-lifters, pregnant women, and people who have constipation or diarrhoea are at particular risk. Although often irritating, haemorrhoids are rarely dangerous. However, victims should seek a medical evaluation because some of the symptoms (especially anal bleeding) may mimic those of more serious conditions. Haemorrhoids can be avoided or the symptoms alleviated by drinking plenty of fluids and eating a high fibre diet rich in fruits, vegetables, legumes, and whole grains. Haemorrhoids are almost unheard of in countries that traditionally have high fibre diets. Regular exercise, by improving gut mobility, reduces the need to strain on the toilet and also reduces the risk of piles. The condition can be exacerbated by cycling or horse-riding, but piles do not preclude vigorous physical activity. Haemorrhoids which have become very enlarged and painful may require surgical removal.

Oxford Companion to the Body:

haemorrhoids (piles)

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Haemorrhoids (piles) are swellings arising from the anus that may bleed or cause the area to be itchy or painful. They are a common condition and many of us will experience them to a certain degree at some time during our lives. They are especially common in women during pregnancy. The majority of haemorrhoids resolve spontaneously, but persistent symptoms, especially of bleeding in people over 50 years old, may need investigation as, rarely, they can mimic other more serious bowel disease such as cancer. Haemorrhoids are the most common cause of bleeding from the anus; the bleeding usually occurs after passing a bowel motion and will appear on the toilet paper.

Haemorrhoids have been recognized and treated for at least 4000 years. The term itself, as described by Hippocrates, comes from the Greek, haema — blood — and rhoos — flowing. Despite their common occurrence and extended history the exact cause of haemorrhoids is still unclear. In medieval times it was thought that haemorrhoids were enlarged veins that expelled superfluous melancholy humours. The concept of haemorrhoids as enlarged veins persisted until recently, when detailed anatomical studies demonstrated their soft tissue nature and the close association they have with the normal anus. Many long-held beliefs regarding the exact cause of haemorrhoids have been difficult to prove scientifically. Generally accepted associations are that haemorrhoids occur more frequently in those who are constipated, strain excessively when passing a bowel motion, or spend a long time sitting (especially on the toilet seat). In some cases a genetic component for the formation of haemorrhoids may well be responsible.

Haemorrhoids arise from the three cushions of tissue just inside the anus that normally function to give a watertight seal. These cushions may be damaged, bleed, or be pushed down by the passing bowel motion, thus forming a haemorrhoid. If trapped outside the anus the haemorrhoid's blood supply may be disrupted, causing the severe pain of a ‘thrombosed pile’.

The cornerstone of treatment and prevention of haemorrhoids is a high-fibre diet, producing a soft bowel motion that is easy to pass without straining. Combined with this it is important to avoid sitting for prolonged periods or excessive wiping of the anus after passing a bowel motion. Use of a moist cloth, wet wipe, or lying in a bath filled with lukewarm water are also helpful when the haemorrhoids cause symptoms. Historically, anaesthetic creams have been used to reduce the pain felt locally; however these may be irritating to the skin and should be considered secondary to other measures. If basic treatment fails, outpatient ‘banding’, injection, or freezing treatments can shrink the haemorrhoid, thus speeding resolution. Surgical treatment, where the haemorrhoids are removed at operation (haemorrhoidectomy) is used less frequently now, as outpatient treatment is very effective.

— G. A. Smith, P. J. O'Dwyer

Oxford A-Z of Medicinal Drugs:

haemorrhoids

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(piles)

Swelling of the spongy blood-filled cushions in the wall of the anus, usually a consequence of prolonged constipation or, occasionally, diarrhoea. Haemorrhoids may protrude beyond the anus. They bleed and may cause pain after defaecation due to an anal fissure (a break in the skin lining the anal canal). Soothing preparations available for relief of the symptoms of haemorrhoids contain local anaesthetics (such as lidocaine or pramocaine hydrochloride), mild astringents (such as zinc oxide, bismuth subgallate, or hamamelis), and often lubricants, mild antiseptics, and vasoconstrictor drugs. Some preparations also contain corticosteroids to relieve inflammation. If bleeding persists, an irritant fluid (such as phenol) may be injected around the haemorrhoids to make them shrivel up (see sclerotherapy).

Soothing preparations containing local anaesthetics and/or corticosteroids can be absorbed and may cause systemic effects; local anaesthetics may irritate the skin around the anus. For these reasons such preparations should not be used for prolonged periods; treatment should be directed towards avoiding precipitating factors for haemorrhoids, such as constipation.

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Gale Encyclopedia of Diets:

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KEY TERMS
Anus—The terminal opening of the digestive tract.
Colon—Part of the large intestine, located in the abdominal cavity. It consists of the ascending colon, the transverse colon, the descending colon, and the sigmoid colon.
Constipation—The difficult passage of stools or the infrequent (less than three times a week) or incomplete passage of stools.
Digestive system—Organs and paths responsible for processing food in the body. These are the mouth, the esophagus, the stomach, the liver, the gallbladder, the pancreas, the small intestine, the large intestine, and the rectum.
Feces—Waste product of digestion formed in the large intestine. About 75% of its mass is water, the remainder is protein, fat, undigested roughage, dried digestive juices, dead cells, and bacteria.
Perianal—The area surrounding the anus.
Prolapse—The falling down or slipping out of place of an organ or part.
Rectum—Short, muscular tube that forms the lowest portion of the large intestine and connects it to the anus.
Venous return—The blood returning to the heart via the inferior and superior venae cavae.

    Description
    Function
    Benefits
    Precautions
    Risks
    Research and general acceptance
    Questions to ask your doctor
    Resources

What are Hemorrhoids?

Hemorrhoids, also called piles, refers to a condition in which the veins around the anus or rectum are swollen and inflamed. Dietary adjustments are known to help relieve hemorrhoids.

What are the Origins of Hemorrhoids?

Ten million people in the United States have hemorrhoids, leading to a prevalence greater than 4%. Up to a third of these people require medical treatment,.

.

resulting in 1.5 million prescriptions per year. The peak age for hemorrhoids is 45-65 years. The term hemorrhoid is usually related to symptoms caused by hemorrhoids. Hemorrhoids occur in healthy individuals. It is when they become enlarged, inflamed, or prolapsed, that most people refer to the condition as hemorrhoids. They are rarely a serious risk to health, and result from too much pressure on the hemorrhoidal veins in the rectum. The strain of constipation, diarrhea and pregnancy can cause the veins to swell. Other factors such as obesity and liver disease can also increase pressure and cause hemorrhoids. There are three types of hemorrhoids:

Internal hemorrhoids: Internal hemorrhoids can not be seen, they are inside the anus. Straining or irritation from passing stool can injure a hemorrhoid’s delicate surface and cause bleeding. Because internal anal membranes lack pain-sensitive nerve endings, these hemorrhoids usually do not cause discomfort
External hemorrhoids: These hemorrhoids are under the skin around the anus and tend to be painful. Sometimes blood may collect in an external hemorrhoid and form a clot, causing severe pain, swelling and inflammation. When irritated, external hemorrhoids can itch or bleed
Prolapsed hemorrhoids: These are internal hemorrhoids that are so distended that they are pushed outside the anus

In the absence of complications, treatment usually involves over-the-counter corticosteroid creams that can reduce the pain and swelling of hemorrhoids and bathing in tubs with warm water to ease painful perianal conditions. Another important step in treating hemorrhoids is to relieve anal pressure and straining. This can often be done by controlling constipation with a high-fiber diet.

Columbia Encyclopedia:

hemorrhoids

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hemorrhoids (hĕm'əroidz) or piles, dilatations of the veins about the anus (external hemorrhoids) or those higher up inside it (internal hemorrhoids). They appear as small, rounded, purplish tumors, often complicated by inflammation, clotting, and bleeding. Hemorrhoids are very common phenomena and are brought about by factors that produce venous congestion, such as constipation, diarrhea, or pregnancy. In some instances, the pain from inflamed hemorrhoids can be intense, and the bleeding so profuse as to pose the threat of anemia. Hemorrhoids that are uncomplicated or bleed only slightly at infrequent intervals do not require specific treatment except to improve the condition that may be causing them, such as constipation. Hemorrhoids that are very painful or bleed excessively are treated by warm baths and suppositories and, if necessary, by injection, laser surgery, or traditional surgery.

Word Tutor:

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IN BRIEF: n. - Pain caused by venous swelling at or inside the anal sphincter.

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Random House Word Menu:

categories related to 'hemorrhoids'

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For a list of words related to hemorrhoids, see:

Afflictions and Conditions - hemorrhoids: enlarged veins in anus walls, esp. due to prolonged constipation or diarrhea, characterized by fissure, painful swelling, and bleeding; piles

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Bradford's Crossword Solver's Dictionary:

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See crossword solutions for the clue Haemorrhoids.

Wikipedia on Answers.com:

Hemorrhoid

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Hemorrhoids
Classification and external resources
Schematic demonstrating the anatomy of hemorrhoids
ICD-10	I 84
ICD-9	455
DiseasesDB	10036
MedlinePlus	000292
eMedicine	med/2821 emerg/242
MeSH	D006484

Hemorrhoids (US English) or haemorrhoids (UK /ˈhɛmərɔɪdz/), are vascular structures in the anal canal which help with stool control.^[1]^[2] They become pathological or piles^[3] when swollen or inflamed. In their physiological state they act as a cushion composed of arterio-venous channels and connective tissue that aid the passage of stool. The symptoms of pathological hemorrhoids depend on the type present. Internal hemorrhoids usually present with painless rectal bleeding while external hemorrhoids present with pain in the area of the anus.

Recommended treatment consists of increasing fiber intake, oral fluids to maintain hydration, NSAID analgesics, sitz baths, and rest. Surgery is reserved for those who fail to improve following these measures.^[4]

Contents

1 Classification
- 1.1 External
- 1.2 Internal
2 Signs and symptoms
3 Causes
4 Pathophysiology
5 Prevention
6 Diagnosis
- 6.1 Differential
7 Treatments
- 7.1 Procedures
8 Epidemiology
9 Etymology
10 Notable cases
11 References

Classification

There are two types of hemorrhoids, external and internal, which are differentiated via their position with respect to the dentate line.^[3]

External

External hemorrhoids are those that occur below the dentate line. They may actually be concealed from view however. Specifically, they are varicosities of the veins draining the territory of the inferior rectal arteries, which are branches of the internal pudendal artery. They are sometimes painful, and often accompanied by swelling and irritation. Itching, although often thought to be a symptom of external hemorrhoids, is more commonly due to skin irritation. The skin irritation may be brought about by the inflammation of the external hemorrhoid which in turn leads to a barely noticeable watery discharge and skin irritation. External hemorrhoids are prone to thrombosis: if the vein ruptures and/or a blood clot develops, the hemorrhoid becomes a thrombosed hemorrhoid.^[5]

Internal

Internal hemorrhoids are those that occur above the dentate line. Specifically, they are varicosities of veins draining the territory of branches of the superior rectal arteries. As this area lacks pain receptors, internal hemorrhoids are usually not painful and most people are not aware that they have them. Internal hemorrhoids, however, may bleed when irritated. Untreated internal hemorrhoids can lead to two severe forms of hemorrhoids: prolapsed and strangulated hemorrhoids. Prolapsed hemorrhoids are internal hemorrhoids that are so distended that they are pushed outside the anus. If the anal sphincter muscle goes into spasm and traps a prolapsed hemorrhoid outside the anal opening, the supply of blood is cut off, and the hemorrhoid becomes a strangulated hemorrhoid.

Internal hemorrhoids can be further graded by the degree of prolapse.^[3]^[6]

Grade I: No prolapse.
Grade II: Prolapse upon defecation but spontaneously reduce.
Grade III: Prolapse upon defecation and must be manually reduced.
Grade IV: Prolapsed and cannot be manually reduced.

Signs and symptoms

External hemorrhoids

Hemorrhoids are usually present with itching, rectal pain, rectal bleeding.^[2] Other symptoms include mucous discharge or fecal incontinence.^[7] In most cases, symptoms will resolve within a few days. External hemorrhoids are painful, while internal hemorrhoids usually are not unless they become thrombosed or necrotic.^[2]^[3]

The most common symptom of internal hemorrhoids is bright red blood covering the stool, a condition known as hematochezia, on toilet paper, or in the toilet bowl.^[2] They may protrude through the anus. Symptoms of external hemorrhoids include painful swelling or lump around the anus.

Causes

A number of factors may lead to the formations of hemorrhoids including irregular bowel habits (constipation or diarrhea), exercise, nutrition (low-fiber diet), increased intra-abdominal pressure (prolonged straining), pregnancy, genetics, absence of valves within the hemorrhoidal veins, and aging.^[3]

Other factors that can increase the rectal vein pressure resulting in hemorrhoids include obesity and sitting for long periods of time.^[8]

During pregnancy, pressure from the fetus on the abdomen and hormonal changes cause the hemorrhoidal vessels to enlarge. Delivery also leads to increased intra-abdominal pressures.^[9]^[10] Surgical treatment is rarely needed, as symptoms usually resolve post delivery.^[3]

Pathophysiology

Prevention

The best way to prevent hemorrhoids is to keep stools soft so they pass easily, thus decreasing pressure and straining, and to empty bowels as soon as possible after the urge occurs. Exercise, including walking, and increased fiber in the diet help reduce constipation and straining by producing stools that are softer and easier to pass.^[11] Spending less time attempting to defecate and avoiding reading while on the toilet have been recommended.^[3]

Diagnosis

A visual examination of the anus and surrounding area may be able to diagnose external or prolapsed hemorrhoids. A rectal exam may be performed to detect possible rectal tumors, polyps, an enlarged prostate, or abscesses. This examination may not be possible without appropriate sedation due to pain, although most internal hemorrhoids are not present with pain.^[3]

Visual confirmation of internal hemorrhoids is via anoscopy or proctoscopy. This device is basically a hollow tube with a light attached at one end that allows one to see the internal hemorrhoids, as well as possible polyps in the rectum.

Endoscopic image of internal hemorrhoids seen on retroflexion of the flexible sigmoidoscope at the ano-rectal junction

Differential

Many anorectal problems, including fissures, fistulae, abscesses, colorectal cancer, rectal varices and itching have similar symptoms and may be incorrectly referred to as hemorrhoids.^[3]

Treatments

11th century English miniature. On the right is an operation to remove hemorrhoids.

Conservative treatment typically consists of increasing dietary fiber, oral fluids to maintain hydration, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID)s, sitz baths, and rest.^[3] Increased fiber intake has been shown to improve outcomes,^[12] and may be achieved by dietary alterations or the consumption of fiber supplements.^[3]^[12]

While many topical agents^[13] and suppositories are available for the treatment of hemorrhoids, there is little evidence to support their use.^[3] Steroid containing agents should not be used for more than 14 days as they may cause thinning of the skin.^[3] Skin protectants such as petroleum jelly or zinc oxide cream may potentially reduce injury and itching.^[14]

Procedures

Rubber band ligation is a procedure in which elastic bands are applied onto an internal hemorrhoid at least 1 cm above the dentate line to cut off its blood supply. Within 5–7 days, the withered hemorrhoid falls off. If the band is placed too close to the dentate line, intense pain results immediately afterwards.^[3] Cure rate has been found to be about 87%.^[3]
Sclerotherapy involves the injection of a sclerosing agent, such as phenol, into the hemorrhoid. This causes the vein walls to collapse and the hemorrhoids to shrivel up. The success rate four years after treatment is 70%.^[3]
A number of cauterization methods have been shown to be effective for hemorrhoids, but are usually only used when other methods fail. This can be done using electrocautery, infrared radiation, laser surgery,^[3] or cryosurgery.^[15]

A number of surgical techniques may be used if conservative medical management fails. All are associated with some degree of complications including urinary retention, due to the close proximity to the rectum of the nerves that supply the bladder, bleeding, infection, and anal strictures.^[3]

Hemorrhoidectomy is a surgical excision of the hemorrhoid used primary only in severe cases.^[3] It is associated with significant post operative pain and usually requires 2–4 weeks for recovery.^[3]
Doppler guided transanal hemorrhoidal dearterialization is a minimally invasive treatment using an ultrasound doppler to accurately locate the arterial blood inflow. These arteries are then "tied off" and the prolapsed tissue is sutured back to its normal position. It has a slightly higher recurrence rate. However, there are less complications compared to a hemorrhoidectomy.^[3]
Stapled hemorrhoidectomy, or, more properly, stapled hemorrhoidopexy, is a procedure that involves the resection (removal) of much of the abnormally enlarged hemorrhoidal tissue, followed by a repositioning of the remaining hemorrhoidal tissue back to its normal anatomic position. It is generally less painful than complete removal of hemorrhoids, and is associated with faster healing compared to a hemorrhoidectomy.^[3]

Epidemiology

Symptomatic hemorrhoids affect at least 50% of the American population at some time during their lives, with around 5% of the population suffering at any given time, and both sexes experiencing the same incidence of the condition.^[3]^[16] They are more common in Caucasians.^[17]

Etymology

First attested in English 1398, the word hemmorrhoid derives from the Old French "emorroides", from Latin "hæmorrhoida -ae",^[18] in turn from the Greek "αἱμορροΐς" (haimorrhois), "liable to discharge blood", from "αἷμα" (haima), "blood"^[19] + "ῥόος" (rhoos), "stream, flow, current",^[20] itself from "ῥέω" (rheo), "to flow, to stream".^[21]

Notable cases

Hall-of-Fame baseball player George Brett was famously removed from a game in the 1980 World Series due to hemorrhoid pain. After undergoing minor surgery, Brett returned to play in the next game, quipping "...my problems are all behind me."^[22] Brett underwent further hemorrhoid surgery the following spring.^[23]

Conservative political commentator Glenn Beck underwent surgery for hemorrhoids, subsequently describing his unpleasant experience in a widely viewed 2008 YouTube video.^[24]

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Hemorrhoids

^ Chen, Herbert (2010). Illustrative Handbook of General Surgery. Berlin: Springer. pp. 217. ISBN 1-84882-088-7.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Schubert, MC; Sridhar, S; Schade, RR; Wexner, SD (July 2009). "What every gastroenterologist needs to know about common anorectal disorders". World J Gastroenterol 15 (26): 3201–9. doi:10.3748/wjg.15.3201. ISSN 1007-9327. PMC 2710774. PMID 19598294. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2710774.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x Lorenzo-Rivero, S (August 2009). "Hemorrhoids: diagnosis and current management". Am Surg 75 (8): 635–42. PMID 19725283.
^ Hoffman, Gary, M.D. (January 2010). "Hemorrhoids – PPH (Procedure For Prolapse And Hemorrhoids)". Los Angeles Colon & Rectal Surgical Associates. http://www.lacolon.com/patient-education/procedure-for-hemorrhoids-turning-skeptics-into-believers. Retrieved 17 November 2011.
^ E. Gojlan, Pathology, 2nd ed. Mosby Elsevier, Rapid Review series.
^ Banov Jr, L; Knoepp Jr, LF; Erdman, LH; Alia, RT (1985). "Management of hemorrhoidal disease". J S C Med Assoc 81 (7): 398–401. PMID 3861909.
^ Azimuddin, edited by Indru Khubchandani, Nina Paonessa, Khawaja (2009). Surgical treatment of hemorrhoids (2nd ed. ed.). New York: Springer. pp. 21. ISBN 9781848003132. http://books.google.ca/books?id=7WC4f7BhChEC&pg=PA21.
^ Mayo Clinic staff (18 March 2010). "Hemorrhoids". MayoClinic. http://www.mayoclinic.com/print/hemorrhoids/DS00096/DSECTION=all&METHOD=print. Retrieved 18 March 2010.
^ National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse (November 2004). "Hemorrhoids". National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIH. http://digestive.niddk.nih.gov/ddiseases/pubs/hemorrhoids/. Retrieved 18 March 2010.
^ "Hemorrhoids". March of Dimes. August 2009. http://www.marchofdimes.com/pnhec/159_15290.asp. Retrieved 18 March 2010.
^ "Hemorrhoids". http://digestive.niddk.nih.gov/ddiseases/pubs/hemorrhoids/index.htm#treatment.
^ ^a ^b Alonso-Coello, P.; Guyatt, G. H.; Heels-Ansdell, D.; Johanson, J. F.; Lopez-Yarto, M.; Mills, E.; Zhuo, Q.; Alonso-Coello, Pablo (2005). Alonso-Coello, Pablo. ed. "Laxatives for the treatment of hemorrhoids". Cochrane Database Syst Rev (4): CD004649. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004649.pub2. PMID 16235372.
^ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anusol
^ http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/hemorrhoids-medications
^ MacLeod, JH (1982). "In defense of cryotherapy for hemorrhoids. A modified method". Dis Colon Rectum 25 (4): 332–5. doi:10.1007/BF02553608. PMID 6979469.
^ "Hemorrhoids". American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons. http://www.fascrs.org/patients/conditions/hemorrhoids/.
^ Christian Lynge, Dana; Weiss, Barry D.. 20 Common Problems: Surgical Problems And Procedures In Primary Care. McGraw-Hill Professional. pp. 114. ISBN 978-0-07-136002-9.
^ hæmorrhoida, Charlton T. Lewis, Charles Short, A Latin Dictionary, on Perseus Digital Library
^ αἷμα, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on Perseus Digital Library
^ ῥόος, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on Perseus Digital Library
^ ῥέω, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on Perseus Digital Library
^ Dick Kaegel (March 5, 2009). "Memories fill Kauffman Stadium". Major League Baseball. http://mlb.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20090305&content_id=3921596.
^ "Brett in Hospital for Surgery". The New York Times. Associated Press. March 1, 1981. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D0DE2DC1439F932A35750C0A967948260.
^ http://abcnews.go.com/GMA/PainManagement/story?id=4101741&page=1#.TtJWNrL8wtw

Cardiovascular disease: vascular disease · Circulatory system pathology (I70–I99, 440–456)

Arteries, arterioles
and capillaries

Inflammation

Arteritis (Aortitis) · Buerger's disease

Arterial occlusive disease/
peripheral vascular disease

Arteriosclerosis	Atherosclerosis (Foam cell, Fatty streak, Atheroma, Intermittent claudication) · Monckeberg's arteriosclerosis · Arteriolosclerosis (Hyaline, Hyperplastic, oxycholesterol, cholesterol, LDL, trans fat)

Stenosis	Renal artery stenosis · Carotid artery stenosis

Other	Fibromuscular dysplasia · Degos disease · Aortoiliac occlusive disease · Raynaud's phenomenon/Raynaud's disease · Erythromelalgia

Aneurysm/dissection/
pseudoaneurysm

torso: Aortic aneurysm (Thoracic aortic aneurysm, Abdominal aortic aneurysm) · Aortic dissection · Coronary artery aneurysm

head/neck: Cerebral aneurysm · Intracranial berry aneurysm · Carotid artery dissection · Vertebral artery dissection · Familial aortic dissection

Vascular malformation

Arteriovenous malformation · Arteriovenous fistula · Telangiectasia (Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia)

Vascular nevus

Spider angioma · Halo nevus · Cherry hemangioma

Veins

Inflammation	Phlebitis

Venous thrombosis/ Thrombophlebitis	primarily lower limb (Deep vein thrombosis) abdomen (Hepatic veno-occlusive disease, Budd–Chiari syndrome, May-Thurner syndrome, Portal vein thrombosis, Renal vein thrombosis) upper limb/torso (Paget-Schroetter disease, Mondor's disease) head (Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis) Post-thrombotic syndrome

Varicose veins	Varicocele · Gastric varices · Portacaval anastomosis (Hemorrhoid, Esophageal varices, Caput medusae)

Other	Superior vena cava syndrome · Inferior vena cava syndrome · Venous ulcer · Chronic venous insufficiency · Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency

Arteries or veins

Vasculitis · Thrombosis · Embolism (Pulmonary embolism, Cholesterol embolism, Paradoxical embolism) · Angiopathy (Macroangiopathy, Microangiopathy)

Blood pressure

Hypertension	Hypertensive heart disease · Hypertensive nephropathy · Essential hypertension · Secondary hypertension (Renovascular hypertension) · Pulmonary hypertension · Malignant hypertension · Benign hypertension · Systolic hypertension · White coat hypertension

Hypotension	Orthostatic hypotension

M: VAS

anat(a:h/u/t/a/l,v:h/u/t/a/l)/phys/devp/cell/prot

noco/syva/cong/lyvd/tumr, sysi/epon, injr

proc, drug(C2s+n/3/4/5/7/8/9)

This entry is from Wikipedia, the leading user-contributed encyclopedia. It may not have been reviewed by professional editors (see full disclaimer)

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Translations:

Haemorrhoid

Top

Dansk (Danish)
n. - hæmorroide

Français (French)
n. - hémorroïdes

Deutsch (German)
n. - (Med.) Hämorrhoide

Ελληνική (Greek)
n. - αιμορροϊδα

Italiano (Italian)
emorroidi

Português (Portuguese)
n. - hemorróidas (f pl) (Med.)

Русский (Russian)
геморрой

Español (Spanish)
n. - hemorroides

Svenska (Swedish)
n. - (pl.) hemorrojder

中文（简体）(Chinese (Simplified))
痔疮

中文（繁體）(Chinese (Traditional))
n. - 痔瘡

한국어 (Korean)
n. - 치질

日本語 (Japanese)
n. - 痔
adj. - 痔の

עברית (Hebrew)
n. - ‮טחורים‬

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	What to do about hemorrhoids? Read answer...
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