Hermosillo

City of Hermosillo Ciudad Hermosillo
Sonora State Governmental Palace
Coat of arms
Nickname(s): La Ciudad del Sol (The City of the Sun)
Coordinates: 29°05′56″N 110°57′15″W / 29.09889°N 110.95417°W / 29.09889; -110.95417
Country	Mexico
State	Sonora
Founded	1741 (Age: 268 years)
Government
- Mayor	Javier Gándara Magaña ( PAN)
Time zone	Mountain Time (UTC-7)
- Summer (DST)	Daylight Time does not apply (UTC)
Website	http://www.hermosillo.gob.mx

Hermosillo, formerly named Santísima Trinidad del Pitic (Holy Trinity of Pitic) is the largest city and capital of the Mexican state of Sonora, and is located in the center of the state, 167 miles (270 kilometers) from the border with the United States. Hermosillo is known for its extreme hot weather because it is located in the Sonoran desert. For three months in the year Hermosillo has an average of 40 °C or more, being one of the hottest cities in Mexico.

Location

Hermosillo is centrally located within the state, within several hundred miles of several other major Mexican cities, such as Tijuana and Mexicali, and U.S. cities such as Phoenix and Tucson, Arizona.

History

Catedral de Hermosillo

Centered on the Plaza Zaragoza, Hermosillo's origin traces back to 1700, when several villages were founded on lands previously inhabited by Native Americans.

The official foundation of the city was in 1741 by orders of the Viceroy of New Spain, Pedro de Castro, 1st Duke of la Conquista, to create "El presidio de Pitic".

In 1783 it came to be named the Villa de Pitic, but on September 5, 1828, it was renamed Hermosillo in honor of general José María González de Hermosillo who in 1810 fought for the independence of Mexico in the state of Sinaloa.^{[citation needed]} On April 26, 1879, the city was named the capital of Sonora, and that declaration was confirmed in article 28 of the state constitution written on September 15, 1917.

The latter half of the 1800s were turbulent years for the city – on October 14, 1852, Gaston Rousset Boulbon led anti-government fighters to victory against the national army, but soon left the city. On May 4, 1866, republican troops under Ángel Martínez took the city from imperial forces under Jose María Tranquilino Almada. Just a few hours later, however, the imperialists retook the city. Later that year, a similar capturing and recapturing of the city occurred. Even during this time, the city continued developing – on November 4, 1881, a rail line between Hermosillo and the city of Guaymas went into operation, and by the end of the 19th century, the city had a population of 14,000 and thriving commerce and agriculture.

During the Mexican Revolution, Hermosillo was the capital of Mexico for five months, as it was the location of the meeting of Venustiano Carranza's war cabinet. Later, on November 18, 1915, the city was attacked by revolutionary Francisco Villa, but he was defeated.

Recent events

On June 5, 2009, a disastrous fire damaged the privately-run ABC day-care centre in Hermosillo, killing at least 49 children between the ages of 6 months and 5 years.^[1][2]

Demographics

As of the census of 2005 there were 641,791 people living in the city of Hermosillo and 701,838 people living in the municipality of Hermosillo.

As of 2005 the per capita income for the municipality of Hermosillo was $15,310 and the Human Development Index was 0.8912.^[3]

Population

According to the results of the INEGI 2005 census, the city had 641,791 inhabitants and the municipality had 701,838 inhabitants.^{[citation needed]}

Much of the population growth of the city is due to the heavy industrialization that has came to the city, especially due to large investments in the automotive industry and its suppliers.^{[citation needed]}

Here are some historical data of the population of the town and municipality of Hermosillo.

1990: City, 406,417 hab; Municipality, 448,966 (Population Census). 1995: City, 504,009, Municipality, 559,154 (First Count). 2000: Municipality, 609,829. 2005: City, 641,791, Municipality, 701,838.

In this way, the annual growth rate during the last period for the city was 3.13% and 2.5% of the municipality. Because of this the city of Hermosillo is one of the cities with the highest population growth in Mexico, only behind Playa del Carmen, Cancun, Reynosa and San Juan del Rio.^{[citation needed]}

Climate

Hermosillo has an arid climate under the Koppen climate classification. The summers are extremely hot, with temperatures sometimes exceeding 47 °C (117 °F). The record is 48 °C (118 °F),^{[citation needed]} which has been achieved several times, first in July, 1934.^{[citation needed]} Winter in Hermosillo goes from mild to cool in January and February, its lowest temperature, −3 °C (26.6 °F), was registered on January 13, 1971.^{[citation needed]}

The rainfall in Hermosillo is affected by the North American Monsoon, with over two-thirds of the 7.6 inches of rain falling between the months of July and September in an average year. The increased humidity moderates the climate somewhat during the wet months, leading to the range of temperatures in July and August being somewhat narrower than that in June.^{[citation needed]}

Development

Industry is an important part of the city's economy. 114 companies have plants in the city, employing thousands of workers.^{[citation needed]} Ford Motor Company has a plant there, assembling the Ford Fusion, Lincoln MKZ, and the Mercury Milan.^{[citation needed]} A major expansion of the plant was recently completed.^{[citation needed]} This plant had formerly built the Ford Escort, Mercury Tracer, and other models.

Commerce in Hermosillo is in bloom, with nearly a dozen of medium-sized commercial areas.^{[citation needed]}

Transportation

The main highway serving Hermosillo is Mexican Federal Highway 15. Another important route is Sonora State Highway 100. General Ignacio Pesqueira Garcia International Airport provides domestic and international service to the United States.

Higher education

• Tecnológico de Monterrey (ITESM), Campus Sonora Norte^[5]
• Universidad de Sonora
• Universidad de Hermosillo^[6]
• Instituto Tecnológico de Hermosillo^[7]
• Universidad Tecnológica de Hermosillo (UTH)^[8]
• Centro de Estudios Tecnológicos (CETEC)^[9]
• Instituto de Ciencias y Educación Superior^[10]
• Universidad del Valle de México (formerly Universidad del Noroeste)
• Universidad Kino^[11]
• Centro de Estudios Superiores del Estado de Sonora (CESUES)^[12]
• Universidad del Noroeste
• El Colegio de Sonora^[13]
• Universidad TecMilenio, Campus Hermosillo
• Centro de Investigación en Alimentos y Desarrollo (CIAD)^[14]
• Instituto de Capacitación para el Trabajo de Sonora (ICATSON)^[15]
• Colegio Nacional de Capacitación Intensiva (CNCI)^[16]
• Senda 2000^[17]
• Universidad del Desarrollo Profesional (UNIDEP)^[18]
• Escuela Normal del Estado "Profr. Jesús Manuel Bustamante Mungarro"^[19]
• Colegio Nacional de Educación Profesional Técnica (CONALEP)^[20]

Sport

The city's baseball team is the Naranjeros de Hermosillo. The city had an American Basketball Association team, the Hermosillo Seris. On January 26, 2007 the Naranjeros won their 14th title in history, the team with the most titles in the Mexican Pacific League (LMP).

Notable people

• Bill Meléndez (animator)
• Jesús García (railroad engineer, known as the "Hero from Nacozari")

References

External links

Wikinews has related news: Dozens of children killed in childcare center fire in Mexico

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Hermosillo

• Official website (Spanish)
• Hermosillo tourist information, Sonora State Government Official website
• Hermosillo travel guide from Wikitravel
• Hermosillo at the Open Directory Project
• CityMayors' profile of mayor of Hermosillo

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