Walden, Herwarth, pseudonym of Georg Levin (Berlin, 1878-1941, Saratov, Volga), was from 1903 to 1912 married to Else Lasker-Schüler, who suggested both his pseudonym and the title of his periodical. In 1910 he founded and edited Der Sturm, and was prominent in furthering the more extreme experiments of Expressionism. His creative work (he published three novels and ten plays 1916-31) was less important, but his essays include Das Begriffliche in der Dichtung and Kritik der vorexpressionistischen Dichtung (both in Der Sturm, 1919) and also Die neue Malerei (1920). In 1932 he went to Russia, where he subsequently remained in exile. He is noted for his con-tribution to the Expressionismusdebatte (also known as Realismusdebatte) through his tract Vulgär-Expressionismus, which appeared in February (Heft 2) 1938 in Das Wort (ed. by Brecht, L. Feuchtwanger, and Willi Bredel, 1901-64), published 1936-9 in Moscow; he strongly rejected the notion that Expressionism prepared the way for fascism. (See Lukács, G., and Mann, K.) He died during imprisonment in Saratov. Gesammelte Schriften (2 vols.) appeared in 1916 and 1923, Gesammelte Tonwerke in 1919.
Herwarth Walden
| German Literature Companion: Herwarth Walden |
| Wikipedia: Herwarth Walden |
Herwarth Walden (actual name Georg Lewin, September 16, 1879, in Berlin – October 31, 1941, in Saratov, Russia) was a German Expressionist artist and art expert in many disciplines. He is broadly acknowledged as one of the most important discoverers and promoters of German avant-garde art in the early twentieth century (Expressionism, Futurism, Dadaism, Magic Realism).
He studied composition and piano at the music academies of Berlin and Florence. But his interest embraced all arts. So he became a musician, composer, writer, critic, and gallery owner. He was best known as the founder of the Expressionist magazine Der Sturm (The Storm) and its offshoots. These consisted of a publishing house and journal, founded in 1910, to which Walden added an art gallery two years later. He discovered, sponsored and promoted many young, still unknown artists of different styles and trends. Later some of them became very famous: Oskar Kokoschka, Maria Uhden, Georg Schrimpf et al. When the economic depressions of the 1930s, and the subsequent rise of National Socialism, compromised his activities, Walden fled to the Soviet Union. He worked in Moscow as a teacher and editor. His sympathy for artistic avant-garde was suspicious for the Stalinist government. He had frequently to justify his approach to modern art — without success. Walden died as a political prisoner in Saratov, southern Russia, in 1941.
From 1901 to 1911 Walden was married to Else Lasker-Schüler, the leading female representative of German Expressionist poetry. She invented for Georg Lewin the pseudonym "Herwarth Walden", inspired by Henry Thoreau’s novel Walden, or Life in the Woods (1854).
Works
- Der Sturm (Magazine, 1910 - 1932)
- Dafnislieder für Gesang und Klavier (Songs, 1910)
- Das Buch der Menschenliebe (Novel, 1916)
- Die Härte der Weltenliebe (Novel, 1917)
- Kind (Drama, 1918)
- Menschen (Drama, 1918)
- Unter den Sinnen (Novel, 1919)
- Die neue Malerei (Essays, 1920
- Glaube (Drama, 1920
- Einblick in Kunst (Essay, 1920)
- Sünde (Drama, 1920)
- Die Beiden (Drama, 1920)
- Erste Liebe (Drama, 1920)
- Letzte Liebe (Drama, 1920)
- Im Geschweig der Liebe (Poems, 1925)
- Vulgär-Expressionismus (Essay, 1938)
External links
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Mentioned in
- Sturm, Der (architecture)
- Edmund Kesting (art)
- August Stramm (person)
- Der Sturm (art)
