He was asked to find out wether a goldsmithe had cheated the
king
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Hiero II, the King of Syracuse, wanted Archimedes to determine
if gold had been withheld from a crown by the goldsmith
commissioned to make it. Without damaging the crown, Archimedes
used water displacement to prove that the gold was not all
there.
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Sacred.
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there ^^ http://www.greatscott.com/hiero/numbers.html