Highland Park

Highland Park, New Jersey
—  Borough  —
Highland Park highlighted in Middlesex County. Inset: Location of Middlesex County highlighted in the State of New Jersey.
Census Bureau map of Highland Park, New Jersey
Coordinates: 40°30′03″N 74°25′40″W / 40.500795°N 74.427911°W / 40.500795; -74.427911Coordinates: 40°30′03″N 74°25′40″W / 40.500795°N 74.427911°W / 40.500795; -74.427911
Country	United States
State	New Jersey
County	Middlesex
Incorporated	March 15, 1905
Government
• Type	Borough
• Mayor	Gary Minkoff (term ends December 31, 2015)[1]
• Administrator	Kathleen Kovach[2]
Area[3]
• Total	1.819 sq mi (4.712 km2)
• Land	1.809 sq mi (4.686 km2)
• Water	0.010 sq mi (0.026 km2)  0.56%
Elevation[4]	75 ft (23 m)
Population (2010 Census)[5][6][7]
• Total	13,982
• Density	7,700/sq mi (3,000/km2)
Time zone	Eastern (EST) (UTC-5)
• Summer (DST)	EDT (UTC-4)
ZIP code	08904[8]
Area code(s)	732/848
FIPS code	34-31470[9][10]
GNIS feature ID	0885252[11][3]
Website	http://hpboro.com

Highland Park is a borough in Middlesex County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the borough population was 13,982.^[5][6][7]

Highland Park was formed as a borough by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on March 15, 1905, when it broke away from the then Raritan Township (present-day Edison).^[12]

Geography

Highland Park is located at 40°30′03″N 74°25′40″W / 40.500795°N 74.427911°W / 40.500795; -74.427911 (40.500795,-74.427911). According to the United States Census Bureau, the borough had a total area of 1.819 square miles (4.712 km²), of which, 1.809 square miles (4.686 km²) of it is land and 0.010 square miles (0.026 km²) of it (0.56%) is water.^[13][3]

Highland Park received its name for its "park like" setting, on the high land of the banks of the Raritan River, overlooking New Brunswick. Highland Park borders Edison, New Brunswick, and Piscataway.

Demographics

2010 Census

As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 13,982 people, 5,875 households, and 3,267 families residing in the borough. The population density was 7,728.1 inhabitants per square mile (2,983.8 /km²). There were 6,203 housing units at an average density of 3,428.5 per square mile (1,323.8 /km²). The racial makeup of the borough was 68.26% (9,544) White, 7.83% (1,095) African American, 0.14% (20) Native American, 17.84% (2,495) Asian, 0.03% (4) Pacific Islander, 3.28% (458) from other races, and 2.62% (366) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 8.95% (1,252) of the population.^[5]

There were 5,875 households out of which 26.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.2% were married couples living together, 9.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 44.4% were non-families. 31.4% of all households were made up of individuals and 9.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.38 and the average family size was 3.10.^[5]

In the borough the age distribution of the population shows 21.1% under the age of 18, 10.2% from 18 to 24, 32.9% from 25 to 44, 24.2% from 45 to 64, and 11.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34.8 years. For every 100 females there were 92.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.0 males.^[5]

The Census Bureau's 2006-2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $78,821 (with a margin of error of +/- $8,312) and the median family income was $103,316 (+/- $6,807). Males had a median income of $72,533 (+/- $8,231) versus $55,591 (+/- $3,873) for females. The per capita income for the borough was $41,300 (+/- $3,714). About 5.4% of families and 8.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.4% of those under age 18 and 8.8% of those age 65 or over.^[17]

2000 Census

As of the census^[9] of 2000, there were 13,999 people, 5,899 households, and 3,409 families residing in the borough. The population density was 7,614.1 people per square mile (2,937.5/km²). There were 6,071 housing units at an average density of 3,302.0 per square mile (1,273.9/km²). The racial makeup of the borough was 72.06% White, 7.94% African American, 0.11% Native American, 13.63% Asian, 0.09% Pacific Islander, 3.59% from other races, and 2.59% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 8.18% of the population.^[16]

Of residents reporting their ancestry, 9.8% were of Italian, 9.1% Irish, 8.1% German, 7.8% Russian, 7.5% Polish.^[16] 66.2% spoke English, 7.2% Spanish, 6.4% Chinese, 2.2% Hebrew, 1.8% Russian, 1.2% Hungarian, 1.1% French and 1.1% Hindi as their language spoken at home.^[18]

There were 5,899 households out of which 27.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.2% were married couples living together, 8.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 42.2% were non-families. 31.5% of all households were made up of individuals and 9.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.37 and the average family size was 3.06.^[16]

In the borough the population was spread out with 21.7% under the age of 18, 8.8% from 18 to 24, 37.1% from 25 to 44, 20.4% from 45 to 64, and 11.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females there were 93.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.4 males age 18 and over.^[16]

The median income for a household in the borough was $53,250, and the median income for a family was $71,267. Males had a median income of $47,248 versus $36,829 for females. The per capita income for the borough was $28,767. About 5.3% of families and 8.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.7% of those under age 18 and 9.6% of those age 65 or over.^[16]

The borough supports several active Jewish communities, and in 1978 was one of the first communities in New Jersey to gain an Eruv. Through an arrangement with New Jersey Bell (now Verizon), a continuous wire was strung from pole to pole around the borders of the borough. The wires are inspected every Friday to ensure that the connections are complete. When intact, this Eruv, or symbolic wall, satisfies most Orthodox Jewish religious requirements allowing residents to treat the entire borough as their home during the Sabbath. (The eruv now extends into parts of Edison, New Jersey and New Brunswick, New Jersey.)^[19]

Highland Park has at times been a bedroom community for nearby Rutgers University and Johnson & Johnson in New Brunswick, with a resulting academic flair to the community. Nobel laureate Selman Waksman (Medicine, 1952) lived in the borough until he moved to Piscataway in 1954, and laureate Arno Penzias (Physics, 1978) lived in the borough until the 1990s.^[20]

Government

Local government

Highland Park is governed under the borough form of New Jersey municipal government. The government consists of a Mayor and a Borough Council comprising six council members, with all positions elected at large. The mayor is elected directly by the voters to a four-year term of office. The Borough Council consists of six members elected to serve three-year terms on a staggered basis, with two seats coming up for election each year.^[21]

The borough operates through Committees of the Council: Administration, Finance, Public Works, Public Safety, Community Affairs, Public Utilities, and Health, Welfare, and Recreation. The various departments, boards and commissions report to the Council through these committees.

As of 2012^[update], the Mayor of Highland Park, New Jersey is Gary Minkoff. The Borough Council consists of Council President Gayle Brill Mittler, Jon Erickson, Elsie Foster-Dublin, Padraic Millet, Jeffrey Morris and Susan Welkovits.^[22]

Federal, state and county representation

Highland Park is in the 6th Congressional district^[23] and is part of New Jersey's 18th state legislative district.^[6][24]

New Jersey's Sixth Congressional District is represented by Frank Pallone (D, Long Branch). New Jersey is represented in the United States Senate by Frank Lautenberg (D, Cliffside Park) and Bob Menendez (D, Hoboken).

The 18th Legislative District of the New Jersey Legislature is represented in the State Senate by Barbara Buono (D, Metuchen) and in the General Assembly by Peter J. Barnes III (D, Edison) and Patrick J. Diegnan (D, South Plainfield).^[25] The Governor of New Jersey is Chris Christie (R, Mendham).^[26] The Lieutenant Governor of New Jersey is Kim Guadagno (R, Monmouth Beach).^[27]

Middlesex County is governed by a Board of Chosen Freeholders, whose seven members are elected at-large to serve three-year terms of office on a staggered basis, with two or three seats coming up for election each year. As of 2012^[update], Middlesex County's Freeholders are Freeholder Director Christopher D. Rafano (South River, term ends December 31, 2013), Freeholder Deputy Director Ronald G. Rios (Carteret, 2012), Carol Barrett Bellante (Monmouth Junction, 2014), Stephen J. "Pete" Dalina (Fords, 2013), H. James Polos (Highland Park, 2012), Charles E. Tomaro (Edison, 2014) and Blanquita B. Valenti (New Brunswick, 2013). Constitutional officers are County Clerk Elaine M. Flynn (Old Bridge Township), Sheriff Mildred S. Scott (Piscataway) and Surrogate Kevin J. Hoagland (New Brunswick).^{[28][29][30][31]}

Education

Highland Park High School

The Highland Park Public Schools serve students in prekindergarten through twelfth grade. Schools in the district (with 2009-10 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics^[32]) are Irving Primary School (PreK-1; 302 students), Bartle Elementary School (grades 2-5; 453), Highland Park Middle School (grades 6-8; 310) and Highland Park High School (grades 9-12; 411).

Transportation

Roads

There are five main roads in Highland Park:

• New Jersey Route 27 - Known as Raritan Avenue, it traverses for about 1½ miles through downtown and the outskirts of Highland Park. The section between Adelaide and Fifth Avenues runs virtually east to west and divides the town into the north and south sides.^[33]
• County Route 514 - Starts as a road named Woodbridge Avenue that splits off at Route 27 at South Sixth Avenue. It runs through the southeast region of the borough.^[34]
• Middlesex County Route 622 - River Road in Highland Park, stretches for over 1-mile (1.6 km) in the western region of the borough following the curving bank of the Raritan River.^[35]
• Middlesex County Route 676 - This is Duclos Lane and it forms a portion of Highland Park's eastern border with Edison. Road spends .49 of a mile in Highland Park.^[36]
• Middlesex County Route 692 - Cedar Lane in the northern section of the borough intersects with River Road.^[37]

Bus

New Jersey Transit local bus service is provided on the 810 and 814 routes.^[38]

Community

There is a new state-of-the-art environmental center on River Road, just a few hundred feet upstream from the Albany Street Bridge. The borough's Environmental Commission envisions this center as a stop along a riverbank walking trail that would link Johnson Park with Donaldson Park and beyond, to the Meadows environmental area on the Edison border.^[39]

History

The native Lenape people hunted on this hilly land aside the gently flowing Raritan River and their trails crisscrossed the area. In 1685, John Inian bought land on both shores of the Raritan River and built two new landings downstream from the Assunpink Trail's fording place, which was later developed as Raritan Landing. He established a ferry service and the main road then was redirected to lead straight to the ferry landing. This river crossing was run by generations of different owners and a ferry house tavern operated for many years in the 18th century.^[40] A toll bridge replaced the ferry in 1795. The wood plank Albany Street Bridge was dismantled in 1848 and reconstructed in 1853. The present day stone arch road bridge was built in 1892. It became the Lincoln Highway Bridge in 1914 and was widened in 1925.^[41]

One of the earliest European settlers was Henry Greenland, who owned 384 acres (1.55 km²) of land and operated an inn along the Mill Brook section of the Assunpink Trail during the late 17th century. Others early settlers included George Drake, Reverend John Drake, and Captain Francis Drake, kinsmen of the famous explorer. In the early 18th century, a few wealthy Europeans including the Van Horns and Merrills settled on large tracts of land establishing an isolated farmstead pattern of development that would continue for the next 150 years.^[42]

The Reverend John Henry Livingston, newly chosen head of Queen's College (now Rutgers University, purchased a 150-acre (0.61 km²) plot of land in 1809, which would hereafter be known as the Livingston Manor. A gracious Greek Revival house built around 1843 by Robert and Louisa Livingston stands on this property, which remains Highland Park's most prominent historic house. The Livingston Homestead, which is listed in the National Register of Historic Places, was owned by the Waldron family throughout most of the 20th century.^[43]

In the early 19th century, both the Delaware & Raritan Canal and a railroad were constructed largely to serve the commercial center of New Brunswick across the river. In 1836, the New Jersey Railroad and Transportation Company built a rail line that terminated on the Highland Park side of the Raritan River and established a station named "East New Brunswick."^[44] The Camden and Amboy Railroad built a wood, double-deck bridge which eliminated the station stop in 1838. It was destroyed by a suspicious fire in 1878.^[40] An iron truss bridge was quickly built upon enlarged stone piers, which in turn was replaced in 1902 by the twelve-span stone arch bridge encased in concrete in the 1940s, currently standing.

Despite the canal and the railroad, Highland Park's land continued to be used for agriculture. Residential development slowly began 30 years later, with several stately houses constructed on Adelaide Avenue and more modest houses constructed on Cedar, First, and Second Avenues and Magnolia, Benner, and Johnson Streets. In the 1870s, the small hamlet became better known as "Highland Park", a name derived from the suburban housing development although the area adjacent to the railroad tracks continued to be called "East New Brunswick."^[40] 1870 was also the year in which Highland Park was annexed to the newly formed Raritan Township.^[12]

The Doughboy statue in downtown Highland Park

Highland Park's drive for independence from Raritan Township arose over the issue of public schooling. Highland Park had its own school district and on March 15, 1905, the Borough of Highland Park was formed.^[12] Important factors were the desire for an independent school system and a related dispute over school taxes. The fire department, which had formed in 1899, also wanted more local control over their affairs. The 1905 New Jersey census counted 147 dwellings in the new borough. In 1918, Robert Wood Johnson II was appointed to the Highland Park Council and became mayor in 1920. His summer house and estate was located on River Road, just north of the railroad tracks.

Over the past 100 years, Highland Park's lands have been parceled into ever-smaller suburban residential plots. Planned developments included Watson Whittlesey's Livingston Manor development begun in 1906; the Viehmann Tract, also on the north side; Riverview Terrace on the south side; Raritan Park Terrace in the triangle between Raritan and Woodbridge Avenues; and East New Brunswick Heights in the Orchard Heights neighborhood. It has taken years of continuously constructing houses and apartment buildings to create the largely residential borough.

Highland Park's industrial development in the 19th and 20th centuries included such businesses as a brewery, Johnson & Johnson, The John Waldron Machine Company, Turner Tubes, Flako Products, and the Janeway & Carpender Wallpaper factory. The borough is the birthplace of the Band-Aid.^[40] and Flako Products packaged mixes for baked goods. However, the industrial nature of the borough completely declined by the 1960s. The commercial zones along both Raritan and Woodbridge Avenues continue to thrive with "mom & pop" shops, many that have lasted for generations.^{[citation needed]}

Throughout the 20th century, Highland Park's religious institutions, educational facilities, and municipal governance have kept pace with the growth of the town. The trends of local autonomy and control that shaped Highland Park in the past continue to this day.^{[citation needed]}

Livingston Manor Historic District

Livingston Manor was a subdivision built upon the lands surrounding the Livingston Homestead. This subdivision was the brainchild of Watson Whittlesey (1863–1914), a real estate developer born in Rochester, New York. Whittlesey was more than a typical land speculator; he was a community builder, which was noted by his residency in various Livingston Manor houses from 1906 to 1914, and by his active involvement in the municipal affairs of Highland Park. Instead of auctioning lots like his 19th century predecessors, Whittlesey sold subdivided lots with either a house completely built by his company or with the promise of providing a company-constructed house similar to those previously constructed.^[47]

The suburban development grew between 1906 and 1925 when Whittlesey's company, the Livingston Manor Corporation and its successor, the Highland Park Building Company, constructed single-family houses from plans produced by a select group of architects. While a variety of building types and styles are present on each block, the buildings in the district are distinct by the use of specific building plans found nowhere else in Highland Park and by the embellishments that are typical of the Craftsman philosophy, which emphasized the value of the labor of skilled artisans who showed pride in their abilities.

In the first years of this development, the houses were constructed one entire block at a time beginning with the southeast side of Grant Avenue between Lawrence Avenue and North Second Avenue. The next block to be developed was the northwest side of Lincoln Avenue between Lawrence Avenue and North Second Avenue. Six stucco bungalows were then constructed on the southern side of Lawrence east of Lincoln Avenue. As the housing development grew in popularity, houses were constructed less systematically by block, and more often on lots that individual homeowners randomly selected from the remaining available properties. Whittlesey used plans from architects George Edward Krug and Francis George Hasselman, as well as plans generated by several local architects including John Arthur Blish and William Boylan.^[40] Several of Livingston Manor's Tudor Revival houses were designed by Highland Park's eminent architect, Alexander Merchant. Merchant created numerous buildings in New Brunswick and Highland Park (see list below). Like other early-20th century architects, he was active during the period of early American modernism, but having trained at the firm of Carrère and Hastings, Merchant developed and maintained a classical design vocabulary.

Many workers in the building trades such as Harvey E. Dodge, Frederick Nietscke, a carpenter and Harold Richard Segoine, a contractor, have also been identified as Livingston Manor Corporation employees as well as Livingston Manor residents. Whittlesey, with his wife Anna, also lived in several Livingston Manor houses including the Spanish Colonial style house at 35 Harrison Avenue designed specifically for them.

On December 1, 1906, the first deeds were transferred to two individual homeowners. Many prominent New Brunswick and Highland Park residents bought houses in this new neighborhood. They included Rutgers College professors, school teachers, bank employees, factory owners, and store owners. Census data shows that most of the women were housewives and mothers. There were many extended families. Some families took in boarders and several households included live-in servants.^[48] Sixty-two houses had been constructed in Livingston Manor by 1910.

In 1912, Watson Whittlesey hired a sales agent, John F. Green, and began selling bungalow lots. These properties were smaller and less expensive, and a set of plans for a bungalow was given to any purchaser. By 1913, 120 houses had been constructed in Livingston Manor.

Dubbed "Lord of the Manor", Whittlesey created a neighborhood spirit by giving receptions to the residents; by providing playgrounds for the children; and by encouraging the men to take a more active part in public affairs. After his death on April 8, 1914, Manor residents turned out in the hundreds to attend a memorial service at his house.^[49]

The Highland Park Building Company was incorporated in 1914 by long-standing members of his company including builder Robert Lufburrow and engineer Harold Richard Segoine. In 1916, Mrs. Whittlesey, who was president of the Livingston Manor Corporation, turned over the privately owned streets, sidewalks, and curbs to the borough. Remarkably, there were no provisions for the borough to accept public ownership of the sewers. That required an act of legislation at the statehouse in Trenton, which was accomplished by Senator Florance, Assemblyman Edgar, and signed by Governor Walter Evans Edge the following year. Anna Wilcox Whittlesey, "Lady of the Manor", died on August 16, 1918. She was remembered as "a woman of rare refinement and culture, and the soul of hospitality."^[50]

Highland Park's identity as a streetcar suburb was transformed to that of an automobile suburb during the 1920s. Two hundred and ten dwellings had been constructed in Livingston Manor by 1922. The Livingston Manor Corporation continued to have transactions into the 1960s, but the area's significant development had taken place by 1925.

It has always been locally recognized that Livingston Manor is an important neighborhood in Highland Park. The Livingston Manor Historic District was listed in the New Jersey Register of Historic Places on April 1, 2004 and in the National Register of Historic Places on July 7, 2004.^[40]

Buildings designed by Alexander Merchant

• 55 South Adelaide Avenue (1909)
• Lafayette School on South Second Avenue and Benner Street (original school-1907 and Second Avenue wing-1915. The third wing on Second Avenue was designed by Merchant's son Alexander Merchant, Jr. in 1952). The Lafayette School is now condominiums and no longer a school.
• Reformed Church on South Second Avenue (original church-1897 and auditorium wing circa 1920)
• Irving School on Central Avenue (original building-1914)
• The Center School on North Third Avenue (formerly the Hamilton School in 1914)
• The Pomeranz Building on Raritan Avenue and South Third Avenue (1920)
• 82 Harrison Avenue (1913)
• Two houses on Cliff Court (1914)
• Several houses on South Adelaide Avenue near Cliff Court (1910–1914)
• The Highland Park High School (original building-1926)
• The Masonic Temple on Raritan Avenue at North Fourth Avenue (1923) It remains as a one-story commercial building after a fire in 1965 destroyed the upper levels of the auditorium and offices.
• The Brody House at corner of Raritan and North Adelaide Avenues (built 1911—demolished 1997)
• The former Police Station at 137 Raritan Avenue (now a deli).
• Anshe Emeth Memorial Temple on Livingston Avenue in neighboring New Brunswick (1929)

Notable residents

Notable current and former residents of Highland Park include:

• Jim Axelrod, CBS news correspondent.^[51]
• Harvey Jerome Brudner (1931–2009), engineer and inventor.^[52][53]
• Siobhan Darrow, former CNN correspondent and author.^[54]
• Earle Dickson (1892–1961), inventor of the Band-Aid.^[55]
• Michael Fredman, computer scientist, inventor of the Fibonacci Heap.
• Samuel G. Freedman, author and columnist for The New York Times.^[56]
• Willie Garson (born 1964), actor best known for his role as Stanford Blatch in Sex and the City.^[51]
• Israel Gelfand (1913–2009), renowned mathematician.^[57]
• Rebecca Goldstein (born 1950), author, philosopher, and 1996 MacArthur "Genius Award" winner.^[58]
• Alan Guth (born 1947), physicist and cosmologist.^[59]
• John Seward Johnson II (born 1930), sculptor and founder of the Johnson Atelier in Hamilton Township, Mercer County, New Jersey.^{[citation needed]}
• Robert Wood Johnson II (1893–1968), Johnson & Johnson President, general, and philanthropist. Robert Wood Johnson II was mayor of Highland Park from 1920 to 1922.^[60]
• Soterios Johnson, WNYC radio host.^[51]
• Roy Lichtenstein (1923–97), pop artist.^[55]
• Justin Louis, afternoon drive host at New Jersey's WJLK, "94.3 The Point".^[61]
• Tomás Eloy Martínez (1934–2010), journalist and writer, distinguished professor and director of the department of Latin American Studies at Rutgers, author of 'Santa Evita and The Peron Novel.^[62]
• Arthur & Helen McCallum, inventors of Flako packaged mixes for baked goods.^[40]
• Stephen B. Nolan (born 1964), Acting Director of the New Jersey Division of Consumer Affairs and Mayor of Highland Park, 2010–2011.^[63]
• Arno Allan Penzias (born 1933), physicist and a co-winner of the 1978 Nobel Prize in physics.^[64]
• L. J. Smith (born 1980), NFL tight end who currently plays for the Baltimore Ravens.^[65]
• Joan Snyder (born 1940), pioneering neo-expressionist feminist artist and 2007 MacArthur "Genius Award" winner.^[66][67]
• Darrell K. Sweet (born 1934), professional illustrator best known for cover art for science fiction and fantasy novels.^[68]
• Endre Szemerédi, mathematician, 2012 winner of the Abel Prize.
• Alan Voorhees (1922–2005), engineer and urban planner.^[69]

References

External links

• Borough of Highland Park website
• Highland Park Public Schools
• Highland Park Public Schools's 2009–10 School Report Card from the New Jersey Department of Education
• Highland Park Volunteer Fire Department
• Data for the Highland Park Public Schools, National Center for Education Statistics
• Highland Park Historical Society
• Highland Park Environmental Commission

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