Historians study the past through speeches, old texts and other resources they can find and then create theories about the time being studied. Archaeologists, like historians,
… would do the same except they would uncover more physical objects, like buildings, bodies etc. Historians and archaeologists can study primary or secondary recources (primary resources being the most accurate, but remember everything is bias, unless it is coming from a third party): Primary resource: A source from the time or very close to the time, for example: •A briefcase from the Titanic •An unexploded shell (bomb) from WWII in Germany (thousands are being uncovered every year actually) •A Roman sword or arrow tip found in a battle site •King Tutankhaman's tomb •A diary of a Roman philosopher Secondary resource: A source from after the time being studied, for example: •A speech about the Vietnam war made after the war •Biographies •Dictionaries (I don't know how I got this one) •A WWI memorial made in 2015 •Speches about historical events (even if it is about your life, because it isn't made at the time) I hope I helped :) (MORE) 