Have a look at this wikipedia article. It has a great history of
calculus.
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Based on the history, calculus was first developed by Sir Issac
Newton in 1665-1667.
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it was created by "analysis of Newton's Laws using calculus"
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newton and Leibniz were first introduced the concept of limit
independently
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Calculus was created in order to calculate volume and area.
Everything in our world is not able to be measured by straight
lines and 90 degree angles. Its roots can be traced back the the
ancient Egyptians. You can read more about the history of calculus
at the link provided below.