n.
A highly infectious, often fatal viral disease of swine, characterized by fever, loss of appetite, diarrhea, and exhaustion. Also called African swine fever.
hog cholera
| Dictionary: hog cholera |
n.
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| Britannica Concise Encyclopedia: hog cholera |
For more information on hog cholera, visit Britannica.com.
| Columbia Encyclopedia: hog cholera |
hog cholera, acute, highly infectious viral disease of swine, also called swine fever. It is perhaps the most serious disease of swine in North America. It is characterized by dullness and listlessness, loss of appetite, rise in temperature to between 105°F (41°C) and 107°F (42°C), diarrhea, and often death. Purple hemorrhagic areas will appear on the abdomen and many pigs display nervous signs, such as circling, incoordination, muscle tremors, and convulsions. Mortality is very high and recovered animals are permanently stunted. The disease is transmitted readily by direct or indirect contact. The virus may enter a herd through contaminated feed, water, equipment, or by contact with an infected animal or person. At one time, feeding pigs raw garbage containing pork scraps from infected pigs was a common cause of infection. For this reason the United States and many other countries now prohibit the feeding of uncooked garbage to pigs. A national hog cholera eradication program has been established in the United States to eliminate all possible sources of virus introduction. A vaccine is available in areas where the disease is still present.
| WordNet: hog cholera |
Note: click on a word meaning below to see its connections and related words.
The noun has one meaning:
Meaning #1:
highly infectious virus disease of swine
| Wikipedia: Classical swine fever |
| Classical swine fever | ||||||||
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Not to be confused with swine influenza (swine flu).
Classical swine fever (CSF) or hog cholera (also sometimes called pig plague based on the German word Schweinepest) is a highly contagious disease of pigs and wild boar.
Contents |
Clinical Signs
Swine fever causes fever, skin lesions, convulsions and usually (particularly in young animals) death within 15 days.
The symptoms are indistinguishable from those of African swine fever.
Epidemology
The disease is endemic in much of Asia, Central and South America, and parts of Europe and Africa. It was believed to have been eradicated in the United Kingdom by 1966 (according to the Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs), but an outbreak occurred in East Anglia in 2000. It was eradicated in the USA by 1978, according to the United States Department of Agriculture.
Other regions believed to be free of CSF include Australia, Canada (1962), Ireland, New Zealand and Scandinavia.
Virus
The infectious agent responsible is a virus CSFV (previously called hog cholera virus) of the genus Pestivirus in the family Flaviviridae[1]. CSFV is closely related to the ruminant pestiviruses which cause Bovine Viral Diarrhoea (BVDV) and Border Disease (BDV).[2]
The effect of different CSFV strains varies widely, leading to a wide range of symptoms. Highly virulent strains correlate with acute, obvious disease and high mortality, including neurological symptoms and hemorrhages within the skin.
Less virulent strains can give rise to subacute or chronic infections that may escape detection, while still inducing mortality in fetuses and new-borns.
Infected piglets birthed from infected but subclinical sows help maintain the disease within a population. Other symptoms can include lethargy, fever, immunosuppression and secondary respiratory infections. The incubation period of CSFV ranges from 2 to 14 days but symptoms may not be apparent until after 2 to 4 weeks. Animals with an acute infection can survive 2 to 3 months before their eventual death.
Eradicating CSF is problematic. Current programmes revolve around rapid detection and diagnosis, and preventive culling, possibly followed by emergency vaccination (ATCvet codes: QI09 for the inactivated viral vaccine, QI09 for the live vaccine). Possible sources for maintaining and introducing infection include the wide transport of pigs and pork products, as well as endemic CSF within wild boar and feral pig populations.
Diagnosis
epidemiology+symptoms+pathology+laboratory examination
- Direct immunofluorescence - detection of virus in histological edges
- Indirect immunofluorescence - detection of specific antibodies from sera
- ELISA
The Philippine hog cholera outbreak of 2007
On August 20, 2007, Department of Agriculture officers investigated the outbreak of swine flu in Nueva Ecija and Central Luzon, Philippines. The mortality rate is less than 10 % for swine flu, if there are no complications like hog cholera. Earlier, or on July 27, 2007, the Philippine National Meat Inspection Service (NMIS) raised a hog cholera "red alert" warning over Metro Manila and 5 regions of Luzon after the disease spread to backyard pig farms in Bulacan and Pampanga, even if these tested negative for the swine flu virus.[3][4]
See also
References
- ^ [dead link]
- ^ Rumenapf and Thiel (2008). "Molecular Biology of Pestiviruses". Animal Viruses: Molecular Biology. Caister Academic Press. ISBN 978-1-904455-22-6.
- ^ GMA NEWS.TV, DA probes reported swine flu 'outbreak' in N. Ecija
- ^ GMA NEWS.TV, Gov't declares hog cholera alert in Luzon
External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Classical swine fever |
- CSF page of Pig Disease Information Centre (UK)
- CSF page of World Organisation for Animal Health
- European Commission Animal Health & Welfare on CSF
- The Institute of Virology (Hannover) Reference Laboratory for CSF
- Department for Environment Food and Rurual Affairs (UK) on CSF
- International Veterinary Training talks about CSF
- The USDA's APHIS on CSF
- The Pig Site talks about swine fevers
- Vetgate CSF notes & resources
- Animal viruses
This entry is from Wikipedia, the leading user-contributed encyclopedia. It may not have been reviewed by professional editors (see full disclaimer)
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 | Dictionary. The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2007, 2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Updated in 2007. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. Read more |
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| Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. © 2006 Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. All rights reserved. Read more |
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| Columbia Encyclopedia. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition Copyright © 2003, Columbia University Press. Licensed from Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. www.cc.columbia.edu/cu/cup/ Read more |
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| WordNet. WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. Read more |
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| Wikipedia. This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Classical swine fever". Read more |
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