To make a mountain out of a mole hill refers to making a big argument out of a very small matter.

Stephen Hawking once came up with an argument that black holes aren't completely black, but they emit small amounts of radiation. Since the energy that produces the black hole comes from its mass, the black hole gradually shrink. In fact, the smaller the black hole, the faster it shrinks due to this radiation.

A counter argument is an argument made against another argument.

Passing an argument by value means that the method that receives the argument can not change the value of the argument. Passing an argument by reference means that the method that receives the argument can change the value of the incoming argument, and the argument may be changed in the orignal calling method.

Argument

Deductive argument

Inductive Argument

Analogy