hop
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(hŏp) 
n.
To flavor with hops.
phrasal verb:
n.
- A twining vine (Humulus lupulus) having lobed leaves and green female flowers arranged in conelike spikes.
- hops The dried ripe flowers of this plant, containing a bitter aromatic oil. They are used in the brewing industry to prevent bacterial action and add the characteristic bitter taste to beer.
- Slang. Opium.
To flavor with hops.
phrasal verb:
hop up Slang.
- To increase the power or energy of: hop up a car.
- To stimulate with or as if with a narcotic.
[Middle English hoppe, from Middle Dutch.]
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(click to enlarge)
Hop vine (Humulus lupulus) with female flowers (cones), which are used (credit: Grant Heilman Photography)
Hop vine (Humulus lupulus) with female flowers (cones), which are used (credit: Grant Heilman Photography)
For more information on hop, visit Britannica.com.
1. n. [common] One file transmission in a series required to get a file from point A to point B on a store-and-forward network. On such networks (including the old UUCP network and and FidoNet), an important inter-machine metric is the number of hops in the shortest path between them, which can be more significant than their geographical separation. See bang path.
2. v. [rare] To log in to a remote machine, esp. via rlogin or telnet. “I'll hop over to foovax to FTP that.”
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hop, herbaceous perennial vine of the family Moraceae (mulberry family), widely cultivated since early times for brewing purposes. The commercial hop (Humulus lupulus) is native to Eurasia but is now grown in many temperate regions, notably England, Germany, the United States, South America, and Australia. The conelike mature female flowers, called hops, are borne on different plants from the male; their loose scales contain lupulin, a yellow resinous powder that is added to beer to impart a bitter flavor and is used medicinally as a tonic and soporific. Oil of hops is used for some perfumes, and the hop stem is used for fiber. The fruit of the unrelated hop tree (Ptelea trifoliata) of North America is occasionally used as a substitute for hops. Hops are classified in the division Magnoliophyta, class Magnoliopsida, order Urticales, family Moraceae.
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Source: Humulus lupulus L. (Family Moraceae or Cannabaceae).
Common/vernacular names: European hops, common hops.
A twinning perennial herb with male and female flowers on separate plants (dioecious); up to about 8 m high; native to Eurasia and North America; extensively cultivated worldwide (e.g., the United States, Germany, and the Czech Republic). Part used is the female membranous cone-like inflorescence (strobile) with its glandular hairs, collected in the fall and carefully dried, often bleached with sulfur dioxide from burning sulfur; an essential oil is obtained by steam distillation of the freshly dried cones. The glandular hairs, separated from the strobiles, compose lupulin, which contains more resins and volatile oil than hops and is also used like hops.
Major producers of hops include the United States, Germany, and the Czech Republic.
| Honeysuckle Flower (Jinyinhua) | |
| Horehound |
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categories related to 'hop'
- Vines
- Commercial Airlines, Airports, and Air Force - hop: very short flight
- Railroad Personnel - hop: Slang. porter
- 1990’s
- Events, Steps, and Dancers - hop: informal dance, esp. 1950’s teenage rock-’n’-roll dance held to live or recorded music
- Celebrations, Observances, Rites, and Gatherings - hop: informal dance, often to recorded music
- Gaits - hop: move in short, bounding leaps, like a rabbit
- Drug Names and Forms - hop: Slang. opium
Wikipedia on Answers.com:
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Humulus
| Humulus | |
|---|---|
 |
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| Common Hop plant (Humulus lupulus) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| (unranked): | Angiosperms |
| (unranked): | Eudicots |
| (unranked): | Rosids |
| Order: | Rosales |
| Family: | Cannabaceae |
| Genus: | Humulus L. |
| Species | |
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Humulus lupulus L. |
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Humulus, Hop, is a small genus of flowering plants native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. The hop is part of the family Cannabaceae, which also includes the genera Cannabis (hemp), and Celtis (hackberries).
The female flowers (often called "cones") of the species H. lupulus are known as hops, and are used as a culinary flavoring and stabilizer, especially in the brewing of beer.
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Description
Although frequently referred to as the hop "vine", it is technically a bine; unlike vines, which use tendrils, suckers, and other appendages for attaching themselves, bines have stout stems with stiff hairs to aid in climbing. It is a perennial herbaceous plant which sends up new shoots in early spring and dies back to the cold-hardy rhizome in autumn. Hop shoots grow very rapidly, and at the peak of growth can grow 20 to 50 centimetres (8 to 20 in) per week. Hop bines climb by wrapping clockwise around anything within reach, and individual bines typically grow between 2 to 15 metres (7 to 50 ft) depending on what is available to grow on. The leaves are opposite, with a 7 to 12 cm (2.8 to 4.7 in) leafstalk and a heart-shaped, fan-lobed blade 12 to 25 cm (4.7 to 9.8 in) long and broad; the edges are coarsely toothed. When the hop bines run out of material to climb, horizontal shoots sprout between the leaves of the main stem to form a network of stems wound round each other.
Male and female flowers of the hops plant develop on separate plants (dioecious). Female plants, which produce the hops flowers used in brewing beer, often are propagated vegetatively and grown in the absence of male plants. This prevents pollination and the development of viable seeds, which are sometimes considered undesirable for brewing beer owing to the potential for off-flavors arising from the introduction of fatty acids from the seeds.[1]
Species
There are three species, one with five varieties:
- Humulus japonicus (syn. H. scandens). Asian Hop. Leaves with 5–7 lobes. Eastern Asia.
- Humulus lupulus. Common Hop. Leaves with 3–5 lobes. Europe, western Asia, North America.
- Humulus lupulus var. lupulus. Europe, western Asia.
- Humulus lupulus var. cordifolius. Eastern Asia.
- Humulus lupulus var. lupuloides (syn. H. americanus). Eastern North America.
- Humulus lupulus var. neomexicanus. Western North America.
- Humulus lupulus var. pubescens. Midwest North America.
- Humulus yunnanensis. Yunnan Hop. Leaves with 3–5 lobes, densely hairy below. Southeast Asia (endemic in Yunnan, China).
Brewers' hops are specific cultivars, propagated by asexual reproduction: see List of hop varieties.
Hop applications
Hops are boiled with the wort in brewing beer and sometimes added post-ferment. They impart a bitterness, flavour, and aroma to the finished product.
In pharmacy lupulus is the designation of hop. The dried catkins, commonly referred to as hop cones, of the female plant of H. lupulus are used to prepare infusion of hop, tincture of hop, and extract of hop.[2]
Hop chemistry
The characteristic bitterness imparted by the addition of hops to the brewing process is mainly due to the presence of the bitter acids, which are prenylated acylphloroglucinol derivatives [3]. Bitter acids are divided into the alpha-acids, with humulone the major compound, and the beta-acids, with lupulone the major compound. Alpha-acids isomerize during the brewing process to form iso-alpha acids, which themselves have a bitter taste [4]. Hops also contain xanthohumol, a prenylated chalcone compound, that shows cytoprotective and other health-promoting activities [5]
References
- ^ Interactive Agricultural Ecological Atlas of Russia and Neighboring Countries. Economic Plants and their Diseases, Pests and Weeds. Humulus lupulus.
- ^
"Hop". Collier's New Encyclopedia. 1921. - ^ Verzele M, De Keukeleire D: Chemistry and analysis of hop and beer bitter acids. New York: Elsevier; 1991.
- ^ Jaskula et al (2008). A kinetic study on the isomerization of hop α-acids. J. Agric. Food Chem. 56 (15), 6408–6415.
- ^ Stevens JF, Page JE. (2004). Xanthohumol and related prenylflavonoids from hops and beer: to your good health! Phytochemistry 65, 1317–1330.
- Lee W. Janson, Ph. D.; Brew Chem 101; Storey Publishing; ISBN 0-88266-940-0 (paperback, 1996)
External links
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