hope
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(hōp) 
v., hoped, hop·ing, hopes. v.intr.
v., hoped, hop·ing, hopes. v.intr.
- To wish for something with expectation of its fulfillment.
- Archaic. To have confidence; trust.
- To look forward to with confidence or expectation: We hope that our children will be successful.
- To expect and desire. See synonyms at expect.
- A wish or desire accompanied by confident expectation of its fulfillment.
- Something that is hoped for or desired: Success is our hope.
- One that is a source of or reason for hope: the team's only hope for victory.
- often Hope Christianity. The theological virtue defined as the desire and search for a future good, difficult but not impossible to attain with God's help.
- Archaic. Trust; confidence.
hope against hope
- To hope with little reason or justification.
[Middle English hopen, from Old English hopian.]
hoper hop'er n.
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Apart from the expression to live in hopes, the use of the plural noun in phrases such as to be in hopes, in the hopes that, etc., is more characteristic of American English than of British English:
He never said a kind word to them, and they worked like dogs in hopes of hearing one—Garrison Keillor, 1989.The normal British English equivalent is in the hope of (or in the hope that):
Clerks double-book their barristers in the hope that one of the cases will be settled before getting to court—Economist, 1983.
| hoof, honour, honourable, honorarium | |
| hopefully, horrid, hospitable |
Idioms beginning with hope:
hope against hope
hope springs eternal
See also great white hope; in hopes of; live in (hope of); not a hope in hell; pin one's hopes on; while there's life, there's hope.
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n
Definition: longing; dream
Antonyms: despair, disbelief, discouragement, hopelessness, pessimism
v
Definition: long for, dream about
Antonyms: despair, disbelieve, fear
Devil's Dictionary:
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hope
A cynical view of the world by Ambrose Bierce
n.
Desire and expectation rolled into one.
Delicious Hope! when naught to man it left --
Of fortune destitute, of friends bereft;
When even his dog deserts him, and his goat
With tranquil disaffection chews his coat
While yet it hangs upon his back; then thou,
The star far-flaming on thine angel brow,
Descendest, radiant, from the skies to hint
The promise of a clerkship in the Mint.
Fogarty Weffing
Word Tutor:
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hope
IN BRIEF: To desire something to happen.
I hope we get to go to the zoo next Friday.
LearnThatWord.com is a free vocabulary and spelling program where you only pay for results!
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sign description: The index finger touches the head and then both hands make a bending motion.
Quotes About:
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Hope
Quotes:
"Just as despair can come to one only from other human beings, hope, too, can be given to one only by other human beings."
- Elie Wiesel
"The secret of the true love of work is the hope of success in that work. It is not for the money reward, for the time spent, or for the skill exercised, but for the successful result in the accomplishment of the work itself."
- Sidney A. Weltmer
"Hope on, and save yourself for prosperous times."
- Virgil
"Our hopes are but memories reversed."
- Source Unknown
"Hope is the golden thread that should be woven into every experience of life."
- Source Unknown
"From the withered tree, a flower blooms."
- Source Unknown
See more famous quotes about Hope
See crossword solutions for the clue
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For other uses, see Hope (disambiguation).
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This article's tone or style may not reflect the formal tone used on Wikipedia. Specific concerns may be found on the talk page. See Wikipedia's guide to writing better articles for suggestions. (March 2009) |
Hope is the emotional state which promotes the belief in a positive outcome related to events and circumstances in one's life. Despair is the opposite of hope. [1] Hope is the "feeling that what is wanted can be had or that events will turn out for the best" or the act of "look[ing] forward to something with desire and reasonable confidence" or "feel[ing] that something desired may happen".[2] Other definitions are "to cherish a desire with anticipation"; "to desire with expectation of obtainment"; or "to expect with confidence".[3] In the English language the word can be used as either a noun or a verb, although hope as a concept has a similar meaning in either use.[4]
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Contents
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In psychology
Dr. Barbara L. Fredrickson, Principal Investigator of the Positive Emotions and Psychophysiology Lab and Professor at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill,[5] argues that hope "...comes into play when our circumstances are dire", when "things are not going well or at least there’s considerable uncertainty about how things will turn out". She states that "[h]ope literally opens us up...[and] removes the blinders of fear and despair and allows us to see the big picture [, thus allowing us to] become creative" and have "[b]elief in [a] better future".[6]
"Psychologist, C.R. Snyder and his colleagues say that hope is cultivated when we have a goal in mind, determination that a goal can be reached, and a plan on how to reach those goals".[7] Hopeful people are "like the little engine that could, [because] they keep telling themselves "I think I can, I think I can".[8]
Hope is distinct from positive thinking, which refers to a therapeutic or systematic process used in psychology for reversing pessimism. The term "false hope" refers to a hope based entirely around a fantasy or an extremely unlikely outcome.
History of hope
Alfred Adler said: “We cannot think, feel, will, or act without the perception of a goal” [9]
Hope can first be seen in ancient Greek mythology with the story of Zeus and Promethius. Promethius stole fire from the god Zeus, which infuriated the supreme god. In turn, Zeus created a box that contained all manners of evil, unbeknownst to the receiver of the box. Pandora opened the box after being warned not to, and those evils were released into the world; hope, which lay at the bottom of the box, remained. This is the beginning of the tale of hope.[10]
Understanding hope
Charles Snyder, Ph.D, one of the first developers of positive psychology, embellished upon the overlaying topic of “hope” relaying its subject matter within a psychological construct. Snyder created his “hope theory” while on sabbatical from the University of Kansas. Instead of finding evidence in a book in the library, he was inspired to observe people and interact with them. Through his observations, Snyder was able to determine his own definition of "hope"; “Hope is the sum of the mental willpower and waypower that you have for your goals” [11] Snyder continues his definition with these 3 underlying concepts:
• Goals: “Goals are objects, experiences, or outcomes that we imagine and desire in our minds." Snyder determines that “the goals involving hope fall somewhere between an impossibility and a sure thing.” [12]
• Willpower: “Willpower is the driving force in hopeful thinking” (pg.9) Willpower draws on the perception of our desired goal as well as one’s mental energy. It also depends on how well we understand our goal. Within psychotherapy, techniques are used to hone in on one’s desires and wishes, on how to focus on our goals, on how to obtain or attain them, “…based on tacit knowledge." [13]
• Waypower: “Waypower reflects the mental plans or road maps that guide hopeful thought” [14] There are important versus less important goals that play a part in one’s ability to plan through a goal, to map out a plan. Snyder says that hope is the “mental willpower and waypower for goals” [15] Research has found that “persons with willpower thinking may not have waypower thoughts to their goals”.[16]
Measuring hope
Several researchers, after defining their concept of hope, have devised ways of how to measure the actual psychological construct. Snyder’s proposed “Hope Scale” [17] measures a person’s intended succession in congruence to their goals. Overall, their determination to achieve their goal is their measured hope.[18]
Fibel and Hale measure hope by combining Snyder’s Hope Scale with their own Generalized Expectancy for Success Scale (GESS) to empirically measure hope.[19]
In Snyder’s book, “Hope Theory”, a differentiation between adult-measured hope and child-measured hope is given. The adult Hope Scale by Snyder contains 12 questions; 4 measuring ‘pathways thinking’, 4 measuring ‘agency thinking’, and 4 that are simply fillers. Each subject responds to each question using an 8-point scale.[20]
Hope versus optimism
Snyder says that “we can best understand emotion and self-esteem as a by-product of how effective we are in the pursuit of goals”.[21]
Dr. Barbara Frederickson states that, “Because positive emotions arise in response to diffuse opportunities, rather than narrowly focused threats, positive emotions momentarily broaden people’s attention and thinking, enabling them to draw on higher-level connections and a wider-than-usual range of percepts or ideas through cognitive, psychology, physical, or social resources”. Frederickson is explaining hope in a moment of great need. With the sense of hope come positive emotions such as happiness and joy, courage, and empowerment. She describes these “positive emotions” as coming from four different areas of one’s self: from a cognitive, psychological, social, or physical perspective.[22]
The difference between hope and optimism: hope entails pathways and thoughts to an intended goal. Optimism leads one to “expect the best, but it does not necessarily provide any critical thinking about how we are going to arrive at this improved future”.[23]
As a literary concept
Hope is a common theme in cultural works across the world, and has a strong place in both classical and contemporary western literature as well as in works of world literature.
A classic reference which has generally entered modern language is the concept that "Hope springs eternal" taken from Alexander Pope's Essay on Man, the phrase reading "Hope springs eternal in the human breast, Man never is, but always to be blest:" [24]
Hope is a key concept in many classic and contemporary fictional works. It can be used as a plot device and is often a motivating force for change in dynamic characters. A commonly understood reference from western popular culture is the subtitle "A New Hope" from the original first installment (now considered Episode IV) in the Star Wars science fiction epic space opera .[25] The subtitle refers to one of the lead characters, Luke Skywalker, who is expected in the future to allow good to triumph over evil within the plot of the films.
In religion
Hope is a key concept in most major world religions, often signifying the "hoper" believes an individual or a collective group will reach a concept of heaven.
In Christianity
Main article: Hope (virtue)
"In many traditional Christian texts, the word is an indication of certainty and a positive expectation of future reward. “Hope” in the Holy Bible means “a strong and confident expectation.” Though archaic today in modern terms, hope is akin to trust and a confident expectation".[26] The author of the book of Romans, Paul the Apostle argued that hope was a source of salvation for Christians.Romans 8:24-25 states "For in hope we have been saved, but hope that is seen is not hope; for why does one also hope for what he sees? 25 But if we hope for what we do not see, with perseverance we wait eagerly for it".[27]
According to the Holman Bible Dictionary, hope is a "[t]rustful expectation, particularly with reference to the fulfillment of God's promises. Hope, is the anticipation of a favorable outcome under God's guidance[;]... the confidence that what God has done for us in the past guarantees our participation in what God will do in the future.[28]
The concept is considered one of the three theological virtues of the Christian religion. [29] "Hope is an essential and fundamental element of Christian life, so essential indeed, that, like faith and love, it can itself designate the essence of Christianity".[30]
See also
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Hope |
References
- ^ hope. (n.d.). The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition. Retrieved March 18, 2008, from Dictionary.com.
- ^ http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/hope Accessed on July 22, 2011
- ^ http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/hope Accessed on July 22, 2011
- ^ Oxford English Dictionary hope, n.1 Second edition, 1989; online version June 2011. [1]; accessed 19 August 2011. Earlier version first published in New English Dictionary, 1899. hope, v. 1 [2]
- ^ Barbara L. Fredrickson. Biography at http://www.unc.edu/peplab/barb_fredrickson_page.html Accessed on February 16, 2012
- ^ Barbara L. Fredrickson. "Why Choose Hope?" March 23, 2009. http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/positivity/200903/why-choose-hope Accessed on July 22, 2011
- ^ Elisha Goldstein. "Breaking down Barack Obama’s Psychology of Hope and how it may help you in trying times". http://www.mentalhelp.net/poc/view_doc.php?type=doc&id=28966&cn=110 Accessed July 22, 2011
- ^ http://www.mentalhelp.net/poc/view_doc.php?type=doc&id=28966&cn=110 Accessed July 22, 2011
- ^ Snyder, Charles D. The Psychology of Hope: You Can Get Here from There. New York: The Free Press, 1994, pg.3
- ^ Magaletta, Philip R., & Oliver, J.M (April 1999). The Hope Construct, Will, and Ways: Their Relations with Self-Efficacy, Optimism, and General Well-Being. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 55, 539-551. < http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/ doi/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4679(199905)55:5%3C539::AID-JCLP2%3E3.0.CO;2-G/pdf>, pg.539
- ^ Snyder, Charles D. The Psychology of Hope: You Can Get Here from There. New York: The Free Press, 1994, pg. 7
- ^ Snyder, Charles D. The Psychology of Hope: You Can Get Here from There. New York: The Free Press, 1994, pg.8
- ^ Snyder, Charles D. The Psychology of Hope: You Can Get Here from There. New York: The Free Press, 1994, pg.10
- ^ Snyder, Charles D. The Psychology of Hope: You Can Get Here from There. New York: The Free Press, 1994, pg.10
- ^ Snyder, Charles D. The Psychology of Hope: You Can Get Here from There. New York: The Free Press, 1994, pg.13
- ^ Snyder, Charles D. The Psychology of Hope: You Can Get Here from There. New York: The Free Press, 1994, pg.13
- ^ Snyder, C. R., Harris, C., Anderson, J. R., Holleran, S. A., Irving, L. M.,Sigmon, S. T., et al. (1991). The will and the ways: Development and validation of an individual-differences measure of hope. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60, 570 –585. <http://psycnet.apa.org/index.cfm?fa=fulltext.journal&jcode=psp&vol=60&issue=4&page=570&format=HTML>
- ^ http://www.ppc.sas.upenn.edu/hopescale.pdf
- ^ Hunt, Teresa L. (May 1, 1997). Self-concept, Hope and Achievement: A look at the relationship between the individual self-concept, level of hope, and academic achievement. Missouri Western State College, <http://www.missouriwestern.edu/psychology/research/psy302/spring97/teresa_hunt.html>
- ^ Snyder, C. R., Rand, K. L., & Sigmon, D. R. (2002). Hope Theory: A Member of the Positive Psychology Family. In C. R. Snyder & S. J. Lopez (Eds.), Handbook of positive psychology (pp. 257–276). New York: Oxford University Press.
- ^ Snyder, Charles D. The Psychology of Hope: You Can Get Here from There. New York: The Free Press, 1994, pg. 26
- ^ Fredrickson, Barbara L., et al. (2008). Open Hearts Build Lives: Positive Emotions, Induced Through Loving-Kindness Meditation, Build Consequential Personal Resources. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95, 1045-1062. <http://psycnet.apa.org.suproxy.su.edu/journals/psp/95/5/1045.pdf>
- ^ Snyder, Charles D. The Psychology of Hope: You Can Get Here from There. New York: The Free Press, 1994, pg. 19
- ^ Essay on Man (1733) by Alexander Pope http://books.google.com/books?id=R8pEAAAAYAAJ&dq=Essays%20on%20Man%2C%20Pope&pg=PA11#v=onepage&q&f=false p. 48 (1811 ed.,London)
- ^ http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0076759/
- ^ http://bible.org/article/hope Accessed on July 22, 2011
- ^ http://bible.org/article/hope
- ^ Holman Bible Dictionary http://www.studylight.org/dic/hbd/view.cgi?number=T2841 Accessed on July 22, 2011
- ^ "hope" A Dictionary of Phrase and Fable. Edited by Elizabeth Knowles. Oxford University Press, 2006. Oxford University Press.
- ^ Easton's Bible Dictionary http://bible-library.com/hope Accessed on July 22, 2011
Further reading
- Averill, James R. Rules of hope. Springer-Verlag, 1990.
- Miceli, Maria and Cristiano Castelfranchi. "Hope: The Power of Wish and Possibility" in Theory Psychology. April 2010 vol. 20 no. 2 251-276.
- Kierkegaard, Søren A. The Sickness Unto Death. Princeton University Press, 1995.
- Snyder, C. R. The psychology of hope: you can get there from here. Simon and Schuster, 1994.
- Snyder, C. R. Handbook of hope: theory, measures, & applications. Academic [Press], 2000.
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This entry is from Wikipedia, the leading user-contributed encyclopedia. It may not have been reviewed by professional editors (see full disclaimer)
Translations:
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Hope
Dansk (Danish)
n. - håb, forhåbning, forventning
v. intr. - håbe på
v. tr. - håbe, ønske
idioms:
- beyond hope ikke til at redde, intet håb mere
- get one's hopes up få forhåbninger
- hope against hope klamre sig til håbet, håbe trods alt, tro på det umulige
- hope chest brudekiste
- hope for the best håbe på det bedste
- hope springs eternal leve i et evigt håb
- hope to hell håbe inderligt
- in the hope i håb om
- live in hope leve i håbet
- not a hope in hell ikke en chance
Nederlands (Dutch)
hopen, hoop hebben op, hoop, verwachting
Français (French)
n. - espérance, espoir, confiance (arch)
v. intr. - espérer ou attendre avoir qch, avoir confiance (arch)
v. tr. - espérer que, espérer faire, souhaiter que
idioms:
- beyond hope être sans espoir
- get one's hopes up faire naître l'espoir, avoir de grands espoirs
- hope against hope espérer contre toute espérance
- hope chest trousseau, coffre à trousseau
- hope for the best espérer que ça ira
- hope springs eternal l'espérance est inépuisable
- hope to hell espérer avec ferveur
- in the hope dans l'espoir
- live in hope vivre dans l'espoir
- not a hope pas un seul espoir
- not a hope in hell pas la moindre chance
Deutsch (German)
n. - Hoffnung
v. - hoffen
idioms:
- beyond hope über Hoffnung hinaus
- get one's hopes up jmdm. falsche Hoffnungen machen
- hope against hope sich an eine bloße Möglichkeit klammern
- hope chest Aussteuertruhe
- hope for the best das Beste hoffen
- hope springs eternal der Mensch hofft, solange er lebt
- hope to hell zum Teufel wünschen
- in the hope in der Hoffnung
- live in hope in Hoffnung auf etwas leben
- not a hope völlig ausgeschlossen!
- not a hope in hell keinerlei Hoffnung
Ελληνική (Greek)
n. - ελπίδα, προσδοκία
v. - ελπίζω, ευελπιστώ, προσδοκώ
idioms:
- beyond hope σε απελπιστική κατάσταση, αδιόρθωτος
- get one's hopes up δίνω ψεύτικες ελπίδες
- hope against hope ελπίζω παραλόγως, ελπίζω το αδύνατο
- hope chest μπαούλο ή κασέλα προικιών
- hope for the best διατηρώ τις ελπίδες μου, ελπίζω όλα να πάνε καλά
- hope springs eternal πάντα υπάρχει ελπίδα
- hope to hell ελπίζω όσο δεν φαντάζεσαι
- in the hope με την ελπίδα
- live in hope ζω με την ελπίδα
- not a hope in hell καμιά απολύτως ελπίδα
Italiano (Italian)
sperare, speranza
idioms:
- beyond hope senza speranza
- get/build one's hopes up suscitare le speranze di qualcuno
- high/great hopes grandi speranze
- hope against hope sperare fino all'ultimo
- hope chest corredo
- hope for the best speriamo bene
- in the hope sperando di
- live in hope vivere nella speranza
- not a hope in hell nessuna speranza
Português (Portuguese)
n. - esperança (f)
v. - querer e esperar
idioms:
- beyond hope sem esperança
- get/build one's hopes up aumentar suas esperanças
- high/great hopes grandes esperanças (f pl)
- hope against hope esperar a pesar dos pesares
- hope chest baú (m) do enxoval
- hope for the best espere o melhor
- in the hope na esperança de
- live in hope viver de esperança
- not a hope in hell sem qualquer esperança
Русский (Russian)
надеяться, уповать, ожидать, предвкушать, надежда, тот, на кого возлагают надежды, то, что надеются получить, упование
idioms:
- beyond hope безнадежно
- get/build one's hopes up возлагать неоправданно большие надежды
- high/great hopes большие надежды
- hope against hope надеяться на чудо
- hope chest сундук с приданым
- hope for the best надеяться на счастливый исход
- in the hope в надежде
- live in hope жить надеждой на
- not a hope in hell безнадежный
Español (Spanish)
n. - esperanza, posibilidad
v. intr. - esperar, tener esperanzas, confiar
v. tr. - esperar, tener esperanzas, confiar
idioms:
- beyond hope desahuciado
- get one's hopes up hacerse ilusiones
- hope against hope la esperanza es lo último que se pierde
- hope chest ajuar, equipo de novia, baúl o arcón del ajuar
- hope for the best mantener el optimismo a pesar de todo
- hope springs eternal la esperanza nunca muere
- hope to hell ¡ojalá!
- in the hope en la esperanza
- live in hope tener la esperanza de algo, vivir con la esperanza
- not a hope sin esperanza
- not a hope in hell no tienes la más remota posibilidad de
Svenska (Swedish)
n. - förhoppning, förtröstan
v. - hoppas
中文（简体）(Chinese (Simplified))
希望, 期待, 信心, 盼望
idioms:
- beyond hope 没希望的, 绝望的
- get one's hopes up 使某人充满希望
- hope against hope 抱一线希望
- hope chest 嫁妆箱
- hope for the best 抱乐观的希望, 相信结果总会是好的
- hope springs eternal 希望永久
- hope to hell 希望不好的事发生
- in the hope 怀着...的希望
- live in hope 对...抱有希望
- not a hope in hell 毫无希望, 简直是妄想
中文（繁體）(Chinese (Traditional))
n. - 希望, 期待, 信心
v. intr. - 希望, 期待
v. tr. - 希望, 盼望
idioms:
- beyond hope 沒希望的, 絕望的
- get one's hopes up 使某人充滿希望
- hope against hope 抱一線希望
- hope chest 嫁妝箱
- hope for the best 抱樂觀的希望, 相信結果總會是好的
- hope springs eternal 希望永久
- hope to hell 希望不好的事發生
- in the hope 懷著...的希望
- live in hope 對...抱有希望
- not a hope in hell 毫無希望, 簡直是妄想
한국어 (Korean)
n. - 희망, 기대, 희망을 주는 것, 신뢰
v. intr. - 희망을 가지다, ~을 기대하다
v. tr. - 바라다, 기대하다, ~하고 싶어하다
idioms:
- beyond hope 전혀 희망이 없다
- get one's hopes up 성공해 대해 자신하다
- in the hope 희망을 가지고
日本語 (Japanese)
n. - 希望, 望み, 見込み, 期待, 期待されるもの, 頼りになるもの
v. - 望む
idioms:
- beyond hope 望みがない
- get/build one's hopes up 望みを持つ
- high/great hopes 大望
- hope against hope 万一を頼む
- hope chest 嫁入り用品箱, 嫁入り用品
- hope for the best 最良を願う
- in the hope 期待して
- not a hope in hell 全く見込みなしで
العربيه (Arabic)
(الاسم) أمل, رجاء (فعل) يأمل, يرجو
עברית (Hebrew)
n. - תקווה, ציפייה, מצב מעורר תקוות
v. intr. - ייחל, קיווה
v. tr. - הרגיש ביטחון
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American Heritage Dictionary
The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2007, 2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Updated in 2009. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
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American Heritage Dictionary of Idioms
The American Heritage® Dictionary of Idioms by Christine Ammer. Copyright © 1997 by The Christine Ammer 1992 Trust. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
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