thermionic emission

In a cathode ray tube (CRT), the particles, which are electrons, originate at the heated cathode, becoming the so-called cathode rays. The electrons stream off the cathode and rush over to the anode.

Hugh Menown has written:

'Microwaves generated in the hot cathode mercury vapour discharge'

In an electro-refining system the deposited metal is collected without the need to remove the cathode from the slurry bath. The cathode has a hollow cavity permitting steam or hot water to be introduced to heat the cathode. During the deposition process, the heating of the cathode encourages the deposition process. When the deposited material is to be collected, the cathode is heated to "melt" the bonds between the cathode and the deposited metal. Using a bracket which was installed before the deposition process and into which the deposited metal has been formed; the now-released sheet of deposited metal is easily removed.

has common cathode