- A frankfurter, especially one served hot in a long soft roll. Also called red-hot.
- Slang. One who performs showy, often dangerous stunts, as in skiing or surfing.
Used to express delight or enthusiasm.
hot dog
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Dictionary:
hot dog or hot·dog (hŏt'dôg', -dŏg') |
n.
Used to express delight or enthusiasm.
Used to express delight or enthusiasm.
| 5min Related Video: hot dog |
| How Products are Made: How is a hot dog made? |
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Sidebar: Product promotion requires a willingness to "take a chance." The Oscar Mayer Wienermobile, used to promote Oscar Mayer hot dogs, was an audacious promotion that was successful. The original Oscar Mayer Wienermobile was constructed in 1936 by the company founder's nephew, Carl. It was a 13 ft (4 m) hot dog on wheels used to transport the hot dog chef known as "Little Oscar," featured open cockpits at the rear and center and was primarily driven in Chicago. The Wienermobile proved very popular and was modified over the next sixty years The car, currently on exhibit in Henry Ford Museum in Dearborn, Michigan, was made between 1950 and 1954 and is one of five second-generation Wienermobiles. It is made by the Gerstenslager Company, a custom truck and trailer manufacturer that modified a sheet bodies on a customized Dodge chassis. This Wienermobile is 22 ft (6.7 m) long, has glass over the cockpit, and weighs about 8,000 Ib (3,632 kg). This, along with the other four made around 1954, were stationed near key distribution plants and deployed for promotional events along with hot dog chef Little Oscar. The company continued to modify its successful promotional car and produced versions of it in 1958, 1969, 1988, and 1995. Kids still delight in sporting the Wienermobile (sightings of it often makes the local paper) and love to play kazoos in the form of Wienermobiles to the tune of "I'd love to be an Oscar Mayer Wiener." Nancy EV Bryk |
Hot dogs are a processed meat product made by mixing chopped meat with various curing ingredients, flavorants, and colorants. The meat is then stuffed in casings, cooked, removed from the casing, and put in the final package. Although the technology for hot dog making was developed thousands of years ago, these meat products continue to be a popular summertime food. In fact, in America alone over 16 billion hot dogs are consumed each year.
Background
The typical raw hot dog is a pink, cylindrical-shaped piece of meat. It is about 1.6 oz (45.36 g) on average and contains anywhere from 0.175-0.245 oz (5-7 g) of protein. It also contains about 0.455 oz (13 g) of fat, 450 mg of sodium and 150 calories. Since hot dogs are meat products, they are an excellent source of nutrients including iron, zinc, niacin, riboflavin, and B vitamins. When hot dogs are made using pork meat, they are good source of thiamin. Since they are a pre-cooked food, they are less prone to spoilage than other types of meat products. This makes them one of the safest meat products available.
Hot dogs are known by many different names including frankfurters, franks, red hots, and wieners. While there are many varieties of hot dogs, one of the most famous is the Kosher hot dog. These hot dogs are prepared in a manner, which follows 3,000 year old traditions that comply with Jewish religious practices. Specially trained Rabbis oversee the entire kosher hot dog making process. Ultimately, the main difference between a kosher and a regular hot dog is that kosher hot dogs do not contain pork.
History
The technology for making hot dogs and sausages was developed thousands of years ago. This makes these products one of the oldest forms of processed food. The earliest record of a hot dog type product dates back to 1500 B.C. in Babylonia. Sausages were mentioned in Homer's Odyssey written during the ninth century B.C. These early forms of hot dogs were made by grinding up meat, stuffing it in animal intestine and cooking it over a fire.
The exact origin of the product we call a hot dog is debated. Some claim that it was first developed in Frankfurt, Germany, in 1484. Others claim that it was developed in Vienna, Austria, and suggest that the term wiener reflects this point. Still others suggest that it was not developed until the late 1600s when Johann Georghehner (who was from Coburg, Germany) produced a sausage product known as the dachshund sausage.
In 1852, a butchers' guild in Frankfurt produced a spiced, smoked sausage product which they named frankfurter after their hometown. It was slightly curved in shape and was often called the dachshund sausage. The product was brought over to America by Charles Feltman and Antoine Feuchtwanger. Feltman sold frankfurters and sauerkraut from a pushcart in New York's Coney Island. He opened up the first Coney Island hot dog stand in 1871. Shortly thereafter, he started selling the frankfurters with milk rolls, which were the precursors to hot dog buns. The buns that we use today were probably first introduced in St. Louis by Feuchtwanger in 1904. He was a sausage concessionaire who loaned white gloves to his customers to hold the hot sausages. Since most of his customers did not return his gloves he worked with a baker to develop a bun, which people could use to hold their sausages.
In 1893, sausages became a popular food at baseball parks. They were first introduced in the St. Louis Browns ballpark and then spread to the rest of baseball. The term hot dog was coined in 1901 by a sports cartoonist named Tad Dorgan. He was at the New York Polo Grounds, where he had heard some vendors selling red hot dachshund sausages. This prompted him to draw a cartoon of a real dachshund covered with mustard on a bun. Since he did not know how to spell dachshund he wrote on the caption "get your hot dogs." The cartoon was a hit and the name persisted.
Raw Materials
The primary ingredient in hot dogs is the meat. The U.S. Department of Agriculture requires that meats used for hot dogs must be the same type of quality ground meat sold in supermarkets. While pork is most often used, other types may be used such as beef, chicken or turkey. Sometimes variety meats like livers are used however, the hot dog producers must clearly label the product with the statement "with variety meats" or "with meat by-products." The proteins and fats of which meats are composed are responsible for meat characteristics. For example myofibrillar proteins give meat its texture and structure. Myoglobin and hemoglobin proteins create the natural color of the meat. Fats in the meat give the characteristic flavor.
During processing, the meat is mixed with a curing solution to improve the taste and increase the shelf life. A major ingredient in this curing solution is salt. It is used to make the meat easier to work with, improve flavor, and inhibit bacterial growth. Water is another component of the curing solution. It has a variety of functions including helping create the necessary meat emulsion and adding to the meat's juiciness. Sodium nitrite is included in the curing solution to retard the development of rancidity and stabilize the meat color. Curing accelerators such as sodium ascorbate or sodium erythorbate may also be added to preserve the color of the meat during storage.
In addition to the meat and curing ingredients, other ingredients are important in hot dog manufacture. Sugar and corn syrup are used to give hot dogs a sweeter taste. Flavoring is added to give hot dogs their characteristic taste. The flavorants may be natural or artificial, but typically a mixture of the two is used. Natural flavorants include herbs and spices such as pepper, nutmeg, ginger, cumin, and dill. Artificial flavoring compounds include organically synthesized esters, ketone and amino acids. Monosodium glutamate is an artificial flavor that is often used to intensify the flavor of the meat.
Hot dogs can contain extenders, which are non-meat ingredients that increase the number of hot dogs that can be made from a set amount of meat and improve the nutritive value. Extenders come from plant and animal sources and include things such as non-fat milk, cereal, soy protein and whole milk. In the United States, all of the ingredients that are used in hot dog manufacture must be clearly labeled on the package.
The Manufacturing
Process
Meat Processing
- The production of hot dogs begins with the preparation of meat. After it passes inspection, the incoming meat is cut into small pieces and placed in a stainless steel mixing container. The container is equipped with high-speed choppers, which can reduce the size of the meat pieces even further. The other raw materials including the curing ingredients, flavorings and ice chips are blended in this container until a fine emulsion, or batter, is produced. This batter has a smooth paste-like consistency, which makes further processing easier.
Linking
- After the batter passes quality control checks, it is pumped into an automatic stuffer/linker machine. In this machine, batter is put into tube-shaped, cellulose casings. These casing are then twisted at precise points to produce a long linked strand of equally sized hot dogs. Most casing are removed later in the process however, some manufacturers continue to use natural casings, which remain on and are eaten along with the hot dog. This more traditional method of hot dog making is done by smaller manufacturers and tends to cost more.
Cooking
- The linked hot dog strands are then conveyed to a large smokehouse. Here, they are thoroughly cooked under controlled conditions. The manufacturer has the opportunity at this point to impart a different flavor on the hot dogs by using a variety of smoke sources. The cooking times vary depending on the recipe however, typically it takes about an hour.
Final processing
- When the cooking is done, the hot dog links are moved via a conveyor to an automatic peeler. During their trip, they are showered with water to help equalize their internal temperature. In the peeler, the cellulose casings are cut away leaving only the bare hot dogs. It should be noted that this step is skipped by manufacturers who use natural casings.
- From the peeler, the individual hot dogs are transported to the packaging machinery. Here, they are lined up and placed on a plastic film. The films are folded and vacuum-sealed to preserve the hot dog's flavor and increase shelf life. Printed on the films are all of the graphics and required text needed for marketing. The sealed packages are moved to a stamping machine, which prints on a freshness date. They are next transported to boxing devices, put on pallets and shipped in refrigerated trucks to local supermarkets. The entire process of hot dog making from receiving the meat to boxing up the hot dog takes only a few hours.
Quality Control
Quality control is an extremely important factor in any food processing facility. For health and safety reasons, the government regulates all of the raw materials that are used in the hot dog making process. The meat in particular is heavily regulated because the use of poor quality meat represents a significant health risk. Most manufacturers use only high quality meats to assure that their hot dogs are of similar quality. Upon receipt of the raw materials, they are checked for things such as pH, % moisture, odor, taste, and appearance to ensure they meet the previously set specifications. Additionally, the processing equipment is sterilized and checked before any processing can begin. During manufacture, the meat emulsion is continuously checked to assure that all the ingredients are put in at proper proportions. Since hot dogs are eaten, steps must be taken to ensure that they will have an appealing taste and be free from contamination. For this reason, tests similar to the ones run on the initial raw materials are performed on the final product.
The Future
Hot dogs are a well-established product and the technology for their production has changed little over the last century. However, hot dog marketers are continually looking for ways to increase sales. A recent trend is the introduction of more nutritious hot dogs. These products may use poultry meat, which has inherently less fat, or meat substitutes, which have no fat at all. They are also made with less sodium. New varieties of hot dogs are also being produced such as the cheese-containing dog, a product which is injected with a cheese sauce during manufacture. From a production standpoint, hot dog making of the future should be faster. Each year designers of production equipment develop faster, more efficient machines. This will help to make the process more automated and increase the yearly output of hot dogs.
Where to Learn More
Books
LeMaguer, M. and Jelen, T., ed. Food Engineering and Process Applications. London: Elsevier Applied Science Publishers, 1986.
Macrae, R., et. al., ed. Encyclopedia of Food Science, Food Technology and Nutrition. San Diego: Academic Press, 1993.
Periodicals
Burg, James. "Making More Healthful Meats." Food Product Design (March 1998): 32-58.
National Hot Dog and Sausage Council Publications.
[Article by: Perry Romanowski]
| Food and Nutrition: hot dog |
Frankfurter sausage in a long bread roll. Reputedly named after a cartoon drawn by Tad Dorgan of Chicago in 1906 showed a dachshund dog inside a frankfurter bun.
| Food Lover's Companion: hot dog |
The term for one of America's favorite sandwiches (the other being the hamburger), which consists of a frankfurter in an oblong-shaped bun with any of various toppings including mustard, ketchup, pickle relish, cheese, sauerkraut and beans. Regular hot dogs are about 6 inches long, while they are also available in foot-long versions. Among the many aliases for hot dogs are wiener dog, frankfurter, frank and tube steak. See also corn dog; pigs in blankets.
| Idioms: hot dog |
A person who performs showy, often dangerous stunts, especially but not exclusively in sports; also, a showoff. For example, He was a shameless hot dog on the tennis court, smashing every ball, or She was a hot dog behind the wheel, screeching her wheels at every turn. The relation of this term to the edible hot dog is unknown. [Colloquial; c. 1900]
| Word Origin: hot dog |
Origin: 1895
It was an old joke, with some truth to it: meat for sausages was said to come from dogs. In 1836 a New York newspaper declared, "Sausages have fallen in price one half, in New York, since the dog killers have commenced operations." Towards the end of the nineteenth century, clever students at Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut, began referring to the sausages themselves as dogs. A lunch wagon that operated there at night was called "The Kennel Club" because dogs were its specialty. A poem about it appeared in the Yale Record for October 5, 1895:
It remained only for the Yale wits to add hot. They did this in the October 19 issue of the Record, in a tall tale about abducting the "dog wagon." The proprietor supposedly woke up in the relocated lunch wagon at chapel time "and did a rushing trade with the unfortunates who had missed their breakfast.... They contentedly munched hot dogs during the whole service."
Even earlier, in 1894, hot dog was used as slang for a well-dressed young man. With the new meaning, hot dog soon showed up at other colleges and at ballparks, and by the early twentieth century it had become the standard name for a sausage on a bun, despite competition from red hot (1896) and the more polite frankfurter (1894) and wiener (1900). (Despite persistent legend, the hot dog was not named in a baseball cartoon by T. A. Dorgan of the New York Journal. No such cartoon exists.)
In the twentieth century, rather than an ingredient, the dog became the sausage itself, so today we can speak of turkey dogs and cheese dogs. The other meaning of hot dog persisted too, but now it refers more to daredevil behavior than to spiffy clothing.
| Wikipedia: Hot dog |
For other uses, see Hotdog (disambiguation).
 A cooked hot dog sandwich garnished with mustard. |
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| Origin | |
|---|---|
| Alternate name(s) | Frankfurters Franks Wieners Weenies Wiener Würstchen Frankfurter Würstel |
| Place of origin | Multiple claims |
| Creator(s) | Multiple claims |
| Dish details | |
| Serving temperature | Hot |
| Main ingredient(s) | Pork, beef, chicken or combinations thereof and bread |
| Variations | Multiple |
A hot dog (frankfurter, frank, wiener, weenie) is a moist sausage of soft, even texture and flavor, often made from advanced meat recovery or meat slurry. Most types are fully cooked, cured or smoked. It is often placed hot in a special purpose soft, sliced hot dog bun. It may be garnished with mustard, ketchup, onion, mayonnaise, relish, cheese, chili or sauerkraut. The flavor can be similar to a range of meat products from bland bologna to spicy German bockwurst varieties. Kosher or Halal hot dogs may be made from beef, chicken or turkey. Vegetarian hot dogs made from meat analogue are available.
Unlike other sausages which may be sold uncooked, hot dogs are always cooked. Hot dogs can be eaten without cooking, although they are usually warmed before serving. Since even the unopened packaged hot dog can have bacteria it is safer to cook them (especially important for pregnant women).
Contents |
History
Claims about the invention of the hot dog are difficult to assess because various stories assert the creation of the sausage, the placing of the sausage (or another kind of sausage) on bread or a bun as finger food, the popularization of the existing dish, or the application of the name "hot dog" to a sausage and bun combination.
The word frankfurter comes from Frankfurt, Germany, where sausages in a bun originated, similar to hot dogs, but made of pork[1]; wiener refers to Vienna, Austria, whose German name is "Wien", home to a sausage made of a mixture of pork and beef[2] (cf. Hamburger, whose name also derives from a German-speaking city). In German speaking countries, except Austria, hot dog sausages are called Wiener or Wiener Würstchen (Würstchen means "little sausage"). In Swiss German, it is called Wienerli, while in Austria the terms Frankfurter or Frankfurter Würstel are used.
The city of Vienna traces the lineage of the hot dog to the Wienerwurst or Viennese sausage, the city of Frankfurt to the Frankfurter Wurst, which it claims was invented in the 1480s and given to the people on the event of imperial coronations, starting with the coronation of Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor as King; the hot dog has also been attributed to Johann Georg Lahner, a 18th/19th century butcher from the Bavarian city of Coburg who is said to have invented the "dachshund" or "little-dog" sausage and brought it from Frankfurt to Vienna.[3]
Around 1870, on Coney Island, German immigrant Charles Feltman began selling sausages in rolls.[4][5][6]
Others have supposedly invented the hot dog. The idea of a hot dog on a bun is ascribed to the wife of a German named Antonoine Feuchtwanger, who sold hot dogs on the streets of St. Louis, Missouri, in 1880, because his customers kept taking the white gloves handed to them for eating without burning their hands.[7] Anton Ludwig Feuchtwanger, a Bavarian sausage seller, is said to have served sausages in rolls at the World's Fair – either the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago or the 1904 Louisiana Purchase Exposition in St Louis[8] – again allegedly because the white gloves he gave to customers so that they could eat his hot sausages in comfort began to disappear as souvenirs.[9]
The association between hot dogs and baseball began as early as 1893 with Chris von der Ahe, a German immigrant who owned not only the St. Louis Browns, but also an amusement park.[10]
Harry M Stevens Inc., founded in 1889, serviced major sports venues with hot dogs and other refreshments, making Stevens known as the "King of Sports Concessions" in the US.[11]
In 1916, an employee of Feltman's named Nathan Handwerker was encouraged by celebrity clients Eddie Cantor and Jimmy Durante to go into business in competition with his former employer.[12] Handwerker undercut Feltman's by charging five cents for a hot dog when his former employer was charging ten.[12] At an earlier time in food regulation the hot dog suspect, Handwerker made sure that men wearing surgeon's smocks were seen eating at Nathan's Famous to reassure potential customers.[9]
Etymology
The term "dog" has been used as a synonym for sausage since 1884 and accusations that sausage makers used dog meat date to at least 1845.[13]
According to a myth, the use of the complete phrase "hot dog" in reference to sausage was coined by the newspaper cartoonist Thomas Aloysius "TAD" Dorgan around 1900 in a cartoon recording the sale of hot dogs during a New York Giants baseball game at the Polo Grounds.[13] However, TAD's earliest usage of "hot dog" was not in reference to a baseball game at the Polo Grounds, but to a bicycle race at Madison Square Garden, in the The New York Evening Journal [December 12, 1906], by which time the term "hot dog" in reference to sausage was already in use.[13][14] In addition, no copy of the apocryphal cartoon has ever been found.[15]
The earliest usage of hot dog in clear reference to sausage found by Barry Popik appeared in the 28 September 1893 The Knoxville Journal.[14]
It was so cool last night that the appearance of overcoats was common, and stoves and grates were again brought into comfortable use. Even the weinerwurst men began preparing to get the "hot dogs" ready for sale Saturday night.
—28 September 1893, Knoxville (TN) Journal, "The [sic] Wore Overcoats," pg. 5
Another early use of the complete phrase "hot dog" in reference to sausage appeared on page 4 of the October 19, 1895 issue of The Yale Record: "they contentedly munched hot dogs during the whole service."[14]
General description
A hot dog is distinguishable from other sausages by its smaller size and relative lack of spicing. The hot dog at sporting events, and available in supermarkets, is commonly 6 in (15 cm) long.[citation needed]
Ingredients
Common hot dog ingredients:
- Meat and fat
- Flavorings, such as salt, garlic, and paprika
- Preservatives (cure) - typically sodium erythorbate and sodium nitrite
In the US, if variety meats, cereal or soy fillers are used, the product name must be changed to "links" or the presence must be declared as a qualifier.
Pork and beef are traditional meats. Less expensive hot dogs are primarily chicken or turkey, due to the low cost of mechanically separated poultry. Hot dogs have high sodium, fat and nitrite content, ingredients linked to health problems. Due to changing dietary preferences, manufacturers have turned to turkey, chicken, or vegetarian meat substitutes, and lowered salt content.
If a manufacturer produces two types of hot dogs, "wieners" tend to contain pork and are blander, while "franks" tend to be all beef and more strongly seasoned.[citation needed]
Condiments
Common hot dog condiments include mustard, ketchup, pickle relish, cole slaw, saurkraut, onion, mayonnaise, lettuce, tomato, cheese and chili peppers. They are served in a bun.
The National Sausage and Hot Dog Council US in 2005 found mustard to be the most popular condiment (32 percent). "Twenty-three percent of Americans said they preferred ketchup....Chili (chili con carne) came in third at 17 percent, followed by relish (9 percent) and onions (7 percent). Southerners showed the strongest preference for chili, while Midwesterners showed the greatest affinity for ketchup."[16]
Commercial Preparation
Hot dogs are prepared commercially by mixing the ingredients (meats, spices, binders and fillers) in vats where rapidly moving blades grind and mix the ingredients in the same operation. This mixture is forced through tubes into casings for cooking. Most hot dogs sold in the US are "skinless" as opposed to more expensive "natural casing" hot dogs.
Natural casing hot dogs
As with most sausages, hot dogs must be in a casing to be cooked. Casing is made from the small intestines of sheep. The products are known as "natural casing" hot dogs or frankfurters.[17] These hot dogs have firmer texture and a "snap" that releases juices and flavor when the product is bitten.[17]
Kosher casings are expensive in commercial quantities in the US, so kosher hot dogs are usually skinless or made with reconstituted collagen casings.[17]
Skinless hot dogs
"Skinless" hot dogs must use a casing in the cooking process when the product is manufactured, but the casing is usually a long tube of thin cellulose that is removed between cooking and packaging. Skinless hot dogs vary in the texture of the product surface but have a softer "bite" than natural casing hot dogs. Skinless hot dogs are more uniform in shape and size than natural casing hot dogs and less expensive.
Final preparation
For a list of regional differences in hot dog preparation and condiments, see Hot dog variations.
Hot dogs may be grilled, steamed, boiled, barbecued, pan fried, deep fried, broiled, or microwaved.[18] While hot dogs are cooked before packaging, they should not be eaten cold from the package. Hot dogs and their packaging fluid are sometimes contaminated with the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes, which causes listeriosis, a serious foodborne illness.[19]
Health effects
An American Institute for Cancer Research report found that consuming one 50-gram serving of processed meat — about one hot dog — every day increases risk of colorectal cancer by 20 percent.[20][21] The Cancer Project group filed a class-action lawsuit demanding warning labels on packages and at sporting events.[22] Hot dogs are high in fat and salt and have preservatives sodium nitrate and nitrite, believed to cause cancer.[23] According to the AICR, the average risk of colorectal cancer is 5.8 percent, but 7 percent when a hot dog is consumed daily over years.[23]
Hot dogs in the United States
Hot dog restaurants
Restaurants may have hot dogs on children's menu that are not on the regular menu. Hot dog stands and trucks sell hot dogs at street and highway locations. At convenience stores hot dogs are kept heated on rotating grills. Wandering hot dog vendors sell in baseball parks. Some parks have signature hot dogs, such as Fenway Franks at Fenway Park in Boston, Massachusetts and Dodger Dogs at Dodger Stadium in Los Angeles, California. The Fenway signature is that the hot dog is boiled and grilled Fenway-style, and then served on a New England-style bun, covered with mustard and relish. Often during Red Sox games, vendors traverse the stadium selling the hot dogs plain, giving customers the choice of adding the condiments.[citation needed]
The World's Longest Hot Dog created was 60m (196.85 ft), and rested within a 60.3 m bun. The hot dog was prepared by Shizuoka Meat Producers for the All-Japan Bread Association, which baked the bun and coordinated the event, including official measurement for the world record. The hot dog and bun were the center of a media event in celebration of the Association's 50th anniversary on August 4, 2006, at the Akasaka Prince Hotel, Tokyo, Japan.
7-Eleven sells the most grilled hot dogs in North America, 100 million yearly.[24][25]
See also
- Advanced meat recovery
- Cheese dog
- Chicago-style hot dog
- Corn dog
- Coney Island hot dog
- Dodger Dog
- Hot dog variations
- Mechanically separated meat
- Sausage bun
- Sausage sandwich
- Vegetarian hot dog
Notes
- ^ Harper, Douglas. "frankfurter". Online Etymology Dictionary. http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=frankfurter. Retrieved 2009-10-17.
- ^ Harper, Douglas. "wiener". Online Etymology Dictionary. http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=wiener. Retrieved 2009-10-17.
- ^ Schmidt 2003:241
- ^ Immerso 2002:23
- ^ Sterngass 2001:239
- ^ "History of the Hot Dog" page of ePopcorn.com.
- ^ Hot Dog History
- ^ McCullough 2000:240
- ^ a b Jakle & Sculle 1999:163–164
- ^ McCollough 2006:Frankfurter, she wrote: Hot dog shrouded in mystery
- ^ www.harrystevens.co.uk
- ^ a b Immerso 2002:131
- ^ a b c Wilton 2004:58–59
- ^ a b c Popik 2004:"Hot Dog (Polo Grounds myth & original monograph)"
- ^ "Hot Dog". Snopes. July 13, 2007. http://www.snopes.com/language/stories/hotdog.asp. Retrieved 2007-12-13.
- ^ http://www.hot-dog.org/pr/052505.htm
- ^ a b c Levine 2005:It's All in How the Dog Is Served
- ^ Hot Dogs, Get Your Hot Dogs: all about hot dogs, wieners, franks and sausages
- ^ Health Canada: Listeria and food safety
- ^ AICR Statement: Hot Dogs and Cancer Risk, American Institute for Cancer Research, July 22, 2009.
- ^ Attack ad targets hot dogs as cancer risk, Canadian Broadcasting Company, August 27, 2008.
- ^ Hot dog cancer-warning labels sought in lawsuit: Healthy Cleveland, Cleveland Plain-Dealer, August 29, 2009.
- ^ a b New Attack Ad Targets Hot Dogs, Citing Dubious Cancer Risk, Fox News, August 26, 2008.
- ^ 7-Eleven News Room: Fun Facts and Trivia.
- ^ Hot Dog Heaven at 7-Eleven
References
- Immerso, Michael (2002), Coney Island: The People's Playground, New Brunswick, New Jersey: Rutgers University Press, ISBN 0813531381
- Jakle, John A.; Sculle, Keith A. (1999), Fast Food, Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, ISBN 0-8018-6109-8
- Levine, Ed (2005-05-25), "It's All in How the Dog Is Served", The New York Times, http://www.nytimes.com/2005/05/25/dining/25dogs.html
- McCollough, J. Brady (2006-04-02), "Frankfurter, she wrote: Hot dog shrouded in mystery", The Kansas City Star, http://www.coveringsports.com/hotdog.htm
- McCullough, Edo (2000) [1957]. Good Old Coney Island: A Sentimental Journey into the Past. New York: Fordham University Press. ISBN 0823219976.
- Popik, Barry (2004-07-15). "Hot Dog (Polo Grounds myth & original monograph)". The Big Apple. http://www.barrypopik.com/index.php/new_york_city/entry/hot_dog_polo_grounds_myth_original_monograph/. Retrieved 2007-05-27.
- Schmidt, Gretchen (2003), German Pride: 101 Reasons to Be Proud You're German, New York: Citadel Press, ISBN 0806524812
- Sterngass, Jon (2001), First Resorts: Pursuing Pleasure at Saratoga Springs, Newport & Coney Island, Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, ISBN 0801865867
- Wilton, David (2004), Word Myths: Debunking Linguistic Urban Legends, Oxford: Oxford University Press, ISBN 0195172841
External links
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: hot dogs |
- National Hot Dog and Sausage Council
- Home page for a PBS documentary about hot dogs
- The Evolution of Hot Dogs
- USDA Fact Sheet focusing on Hot Dogs
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This entry is from Wikipedia, the leading user-contributed encyclopedia. It may not have been reviewed by professional editors (see full disclaimer)
| Translations: Hotdog |
Dansk (Danish)
n. - hotdog, dygtig sportsmand
v. intr. - brillere
int. - mægtigt, alle tiders
Français (French)
n. - hot-dog
v. intr. - faire de l'épate, faire du ski acrobatique, faire de l'épate (fam)
int. - oh, oui alors (excl)
Deutsch (German)
n. - Hot dog
v. - Kunststücke vollführen
int. - bravo!
Ελληνική (Greek)
n. - σάντουιτς με λουκάνικο
v. - (ΗΠΑ) αποδοκιμάζω, κάνω ακροβατικά
int. - πρώτο πράγμα!
Português (Portuguese)
n. - cachorro (m) quente (Culin.)
int. - exprime alegria ou prazer
Русский (Russian)
горячая сосиска
Español (Spanish)
n. - perro caliente
v. intr. - hacerse ver, presumir
int. - expresión de aprobación
Svenska (Swedish)
n. - varm korv, spelare i idrottslag som söker publikens gunst genom solospel, ett kraftfyllt programverktyg för att ta fram websidor
v. - göra en uppvisning
int. - finemang!
中文（简体）(Chinese (Simplified))
卖弄, 很好
中文（繁體）(Chinese (Traditional))
n. - 賣弄
v. intr. - 賣弄
int. - 很好
한국어 (Korean)
n. - 핫도그, 묘기를 가진 사람
v. intr. - 여봐란 듯한 태도를 취하다, 묘기를 보이다
int. - 찬성이야!, 깜짝이야, 고맙다
日本語 (Japanese)
n. - ホットドッグ, 棒付きソーセージ, サーフィンで離れ業をする人, 妙技をする人, すてき
int. - すごい
עברית (Hebrew)
n. - נקניקיה, נקניקיה בלחמניה רכה, להטוטן, במיוחד בהחלקה או בגלישה על גלים
v. intr. - ליהטט בגלישה על גלים
int. - קריאת הסכמה (עגה אמריקאית)
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 | Dictionary. The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2007, 2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Updated in 2009. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. Read more |
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| How Products are Made. How Products are Made. Copyright © 2002 by The Gale Group, Inc. All rights reserved. Read more |
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| Food and Nutrition. A Dictionary of Food and Nutrition. Copyright © 1995, 2003, 2005 by A. E. Bender and D. A. Bender. All rights reserved. Read more |
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| Food Lover's Companion. Food Lover's Companion. Copyright © 2001 by Barron's Educational Series, Inc. All rights reserved. Read more |
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| Idioms. The American Heritage® Dictionary of Idioms by Christine Ammer. Copyright © 1997 by The Christine Ammer 1992 Trust. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. Read more |
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| Word Origin. America in So Many Words, by David K.Barnhart and Allan A. Metcalf. Copyright © 1997 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. Read more |
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| Wikipedia. This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Hot dog". Read more |
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